• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.491-510
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the characteristics of beagle dog's periodontal ligament (BPD) cells and bone marrow (BBM) cells which have the important role on the early stage of periodontal tissue regeneration in vitro. In control group, the cells ($1.5{\times}10^5$cells/ml) were cultured alone with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum, $50{\mu]g/ml$ ascorbic acid, and 10mM/ml ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$. In experimental groups, growth factors, PDGF or EGF(10ng/ml), were added into the above culture condition. And then each group was characterized by examining the cell proliferation rate, amount of total protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity at 1, 5, 9, 13, 17th day after seeding of cells into the culture wells. The results were as follows: 1. Both BPD and BBM cells in PDGF-treated group proliferated more rapidly than non-treated cells. This finding also was observed in EGF-treated group but it was not as prominent as that of PDGF-treated group. The proliferation rates of both cells showed the time-dependent pattern during experimental periods in all three groups. 2. Amount of total protein synthesis was more increased in PDGF-treated group than in control group. But no significant difference between EGF-treated group and control group was observed throughout experimental periods even though the tendency of amount of protein synthesis was time-dependent pattern. 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity also more increased in PDGF-treated group than control group. But slight decrease tendency was seen in both cells of EGF-treated group. From the above results, PDGF appeared to enhance the proliferation and cellular activities including amount of total protein synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity of BPD and BBM cell, but EGF did not show notable effects. The optimal application of these growth factors was thought to be useful as the adjunctive means in periodontal regeneration procedures.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2003

To examine the leaf epidermal microstructure, nine species in five genera (Daphne L. - 4 spp., Diarthron Turcz. - 1 sp., Edgewarthia Meisn. - 1 sp., Stellera L. - 1 sp., Wikstroemia Endl. - 2 spp.) of the Korean Thymelaeaceae were investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stomata of stuo야ed taxa were 'hypostomatic type' and the size range of guard cell was $13.8-34.4{\times}8.7-22.9{\mu}m$: the smallest size of stomata was found in Diathran linifolium ($15.9{\pm}2.6{\times}10.0{\pm}1.3{\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to Daphne adara ($32.8{\pm}1.6{\times}20.7{\pm}1.3{\mu}m$). The stomatal complex was anomocytic in the most studied taxa, except Daphne kiusiana by having combined with anisocytic together. The shapes of epidermal cells are undulate anticlinal wall. The size range of epidermal cell was $20.7-61.0{\mu}m$; the smallest size of epidermal cell was found in Stellera charnaejasme ($26.0{\pm}1.9{\mu}m$), on the other hand the largest one was found in Edgeworthia chrysantha ($53.6{\pm}3.1{\mu}m$). The well-developed flaky epicuticular waxes can be divided three kinds of pattern - (1) smooth in comparison, not entire platelets and scattered, (2) isolated flake-like platelets, mostly paralleled, sparsely, (3) flake-like platelets, flat, membraneous, protruding from the surfaces at varying angles and densely. Two types of trichome are recognized; (1) Type I: uniseriate trichome of striate surface (D. genkwa, Diarthron linifalium, E. chrysantha, W. ganpi and W. trichotama), (2) Type II: multicellular trichome of papillose surface, uncinated 3-4 nodes (Diathron linifolium). Finally, the systematics significance of the leaf micromorphological features in identification and elucidation of Korean Thymelaeaceae, especially between or within the genera including among the species is also briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructures in genus Aruncus (two species, five varieties) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy in order to evaluate their significance in terms of taxonomy. All of the leaves of the taxa studied here were amphistomatic with undulate anticlinal walls, and smooth and flat periclinal walls on both surfaces. The size range of the stomata complex is $8.95-21.97{\times}7.50-16.99{\mu}m$: the largest one was found in Aruncus dioicus var. astilboides (average $18.01{\times}13.47{\mu}m$) and the smallest was measured and determined to be A. gombalanus (average $11.11{\times}8.94{\mu}m$). An anomocytic stomata complex was found in all of the studied taxa. The stomatal frequency on average was $27.54/0.05mm^2$; it is highest in A. gombalanus ($60.4/0.05mm^2$) and lowest in A. dioicus var. acuminatus ($11.6/0.05mm^2$). Two types (short stalked capitate glandular trichome and non-glandular trichome) of trichomes are found in the leaves. The non-glandular trichome was divided into three types based on the presence and degree of development of subsidiary cells. Anomocytic stomata of the hypostomatic type and the distribution pattern of capitate glandular trichomes were the major characters in this genus. The stomata size and frequency, the epidermal cell structure, the trichome type and the distribution pattern may have diagnostic importance among the taxa in the genus. Our leaf micromorphological results provide useful information for the taxonomic revision of the genus Aruncus.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2009

We report here a first evaluation of chilling-responsive gene regulation in the sweetpotato. The growth of sweetpotato plants was severely retarded at $12^{\circ}C$; the lengths of the leaf, petiole, and root were markedly reduced and microscopic observation revealed that the elongation growth of the epidermal cells in each of these organs was significantly reduced. We examined the transcriptional regulation of three sweetpotato expansin genes (IbEXP1, IbEXP2 and IbEXPL1) in response to various chilling temperatures (12, 16, 22, and $28^{\circ}C$). In the leaf and petiole, the highest transcript levels were those of IbEXP1 at $28^{\circ}C$, whereas IbEXPL1 transcript levels were highest in the root. IbEXP1 mRNA levels in the $12^{\circ}C-treated$ petiole showed a fluctuating pattern (transient decrease-recovery-stable decrease) for 48 h. In the leaf and petiole, IbEXP1 and IbEXPL1 exhibited a similar response to chilling in that their mRNA levels decreased at $22^{\circ}C$, increased at $16^{\circ}C$, and decreased dramatically at $12^{\circ}C$. In contrast, mRNA levels of IbEXP2 in the leaf fell gradually as the temperature fell from 28 to $12^{\circ}C$, while they remained unaltered in the petiole. In the root, mRNA levels of IbEXPL1 and IbEXP1 reached maximum levels at $16^{\circ}C$, and decreased significantly at $12^{\circ}C$. These data demonstrated that expression of these three expansin genes was ultimately down-regulated at $12^{\circ}C$; however, transcriptional regulation of each expansin gene exhibited its own distinctive pattern in response to various chilling temperatures.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

It is suggested that FGF/Ras/MEK/Erk signaling plays crucial roles in specification and cell division of the mesodermal precursor cells in ascidian embryos. To investigate how the number of cell division in tissue precursor cells is determined, we have characterized Wee1 homolog, Hr-Wee1 of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. We found that the Hr-Wee1 mRNA is expressed both maternally and zygotically. Maternal transcript is localized to the cytoplasm in the animal cells, while zygotic expression is seen in cells of the endoderm lineage from 32-cell to 110-cell stages. Zygotic in situ signal is detected in the A-line neural plate cells of neurulae, and in epidermal cells of the head region of tailbud embryos. Embryos treated with MEK signaling inhibitor showed a similar pattern to normal embryos in expression of Hr-Wee1. Therefore, it is likely that MEK signaling does not affect the maternal and zygotic expression of Hr-Wee1.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.426-431
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• 2015

Odin has been implicated in the downstream signaling pathway of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor and Eph receptors. However, the physiologically relevant function of Odin needs to be further determined. In this study, we used Odin heterozygous mice to analyze the Odin expression pattern; the targeted allele contained a ${\beta}$-geo gene trap vector inserted into the 14t intron of the Odin gene. Interestingly, we found that Odin was exclusively expressed in ependymal cells along the brain ventricles. In particular, Odin was highly expressed in the subcommissural organ, a small ependymal glandular tissue. However, we did not observe any morphological abnormalities in the brain ventricles or ependymal cells of Odin null-mutant mice. We also generated BAC transgenic mice that expressed the PTB-deleted Odin (dPTB) after a floxed GFP-STOP cassette was excised by tissue-specific Cre expression. Strikingly, Odin-dPTB expression played a causative role in the development of the hydrocephalic phenotype, primarily in the midbrain. In addition, Odin-dPTB expression disrupted proper development of the subcommissural organ and interfered with ependymal cell maturation in the cerebral aqueduct. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Odin plays a role in the differentiation of ependymal cells during early postnatal brain development.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2007

This research is the hair damage as treating a perm before and after that is compared the change of surface characteristics of human hair. On the basis of this, we would to show a basic data for hair damage prevention and hair improvement to keep the beautiful and healthy hair. Results are as follows; For the change of formational characteristics of hair surface, untreated hair before the perm treatment had smooth appearance overall and undamaged scale that is in pattern and finely folded was observed but damaged hair and extremely hair had uneven edge and damages throughout along with the dissolution of scale which the border of epidermal gap is unclear. Hair after a perm treatment caused cortical exposures due to extensive loss of scale during the treatment and even bubble effect. Protein perm, regular perm, soft perm, and direct heating perm, in that order, had the most damages to the hair.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.184-195
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• 2019

This study investigates the hair restoration efficacy of selected radish saponin extracts on nude mice. Nude mice genetically predisposed to pattern balding were used in this study. Our study revealed the underlying mechanism of stimulating hair growth in athymic nude mice by repair the nu/nu follicular keratin differentiation defect. Thus, the topical application of radish saponin may represent a novel strategy for the management and therapy of certain forms of alopecia. The term of hair density of PEE treated nude mice were significantly increase as compared with of control nude mice. Histological observation of skin sample showed no hair follicle or only distorted hair follicles were observed in the control samples, in contrast, by the PEE treatment groups showed a fully formed and increased the number of hair follicles up to three times higher than that of control group in terms of the number of hair follicles in nude mouse skin.PEE treated mice the number of BrdU-labeled keratinocytes per anagen follicle increased significantly, especially in the follicular bulbs and outer root sheath compared with the control mice. Moreover, PEE-treated nude mice also exhibited a significant increase in the number of BrdU-labeled epidermal keratinocyte proliferation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.194-208
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• 1985

The ultrastructure of the integumental epidermis of Korean planaria (Dugesia japonica) is studied by light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The planaria has mono-layered integumental epidermis in which most of cells exhibit irregularly columnar shape. The epidermal cells of the integument are classified into six types on the basis of cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics. 1) Ciliated epithelial cells: These cells have cilia in their free surfaces. The axonemes of cilia exhibits fundamental 9+2 microtubular pattern. 2) Eosinophilic cells: These cells contain a few large eosinophilic granules. The core of eosinophilic granule is consisted of sparsely dispersed fibrillar structures in relatively electron-lucent ground material. 3) Mucous cells: These cells are filled with irregularly shaped, PAS-positive mucous granules which have an average size of $0.8\\times0.3 \\muM$. 4) Rhabdite-forming cells: These cells possess a few strongly-eosinophilic large rhabdite granules. The rhabdite granules are synthesized either in the rhabdite-forming cells which constitute integumental epidermis or in the corresponding cells which are developed in the parenchyma and later transferred to epidermal cells of integumental epidermis through basement membrane. 5) A-type of basophilic granule cells: These granule cells possess round or irregularly-shaped granules which are strongly stained with Alcian blue. These electron-dense granules have an average size of $1.5\\times1.0 \\muM$. This type of cells is derived from parenchymal tissue. 6) B-type of basophilic granule cells: These basophilic granule cells with PAS-positive granules, are found in the epidermis of lateral body wall. The granules, which are about $0.7\\times0.4 \\muM$ in size, occupying most part of this cell type are originated from the parenchyma.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 1992

Hairless mice (Skh:HR-1) exposed to single doses (0.5, 1.0 and 3. OMED) of UV-B radiation were displayed remarkable changes of barrier function and surface morphology. Trans- epidermal water loss (TEWL) as an index of barrier function was measured by evaporimeter, and wrinkle density (WD) as an index of morphological alteration was measured by image analyzer. Significant changes of TEWL were not observed in the control and 0. SMED group, but 1.OMED and 3. OMED groups noted significant difference. TEWL of 3. OMED group was rapidly increased to the 3rd day and decreased until the 14th day when it reached nearly to normal level, Time-courses of TBWL for 1. OMEB and 3. OMED groups displayed similar pattern, but different only in the magnitude. WD were significantly decreased during the 3rd-5th day in all of the irradiated groups and then increased during the last period to the 14th day, but did not recover the normal level at the 14th day. Time-courses of WD for all groups exhibited similarity, and were entirely dependent on the exposed doses. We also observed histological changes which included hyperplasia, sunburn cell (SBC) formation, accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNs), and loss of collagen of UVB- exposed hairless mouse skin. Changes of TEWL and WD are helpful in understanding of epidermal and dermal damages by single exposure of UVB.