• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.470-477
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression and predictors of depression in middle-school girls. Method: A self-report survey was conducted with 2nd and 3rd grade students in a girls'middle school (N=401) in Pusan. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simultaneous multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: The mean score for the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was 20.63. The level of depression was negatively related to problem-solving ability, self-esteem, total household income, school achievement, self-perception of body-image, and satisfaction in relationships with siblings, parents, and friends. A multivariate approach showed that predictors explained 61% of variance in depression. Significant predictors of depression were self-esteem (${\beta}$=-.38), problem-solving ability (${\beta}$=-.34), and satisfaction in relationships with friends (${\beta}$=-.14) and parents (${\beta}$=-.08). Conclusion: The findings suggest that it is important to develop educational programs to increase self-esteem and problem-solving abilities in middle school girls. Considering the high levels of depression in middle school girls, school nurses play an important role in detecting and reducing emotional tension among these students. Nursing interventions, including art therapy, problem-solving counseling, and bibliotherapy could be useful in enhancing self-esteem, problem-solving abilities, and satisfaction in relationship with friends, siblings and parents.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2015

Objective : This study investigated the job stress and their association with depression and anxiety among Korean employees. Method : We retrospectively studied 80,842 employees, who receive regular checkups in the Health Screening Center of a one hospital from May, 2012 to April, 2013. A total of 73,975 people were analyzed, who completed a short form of Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results : Each of the seven subscales of KOSS was categorized into 4 quartile groups. Higher quartile of KOSS was associated with higher CES-D and BAI score an individual reported. The significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) in the higher scoring group compared to the lower scoring group for the effect of job stress on depression and anxiety remained after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, income, BMI, and smoking status. Conclusion : These results from a large number of respondents suggested that job stress might be related to depression and anxiety. Future investigations should design a prospective study to understand a causal relationship between job stress and psychiatric symptoms or disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this epidemiologic study was to provide clinically useful information on the fundamentals for both the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which comprises $80{\sim}90%$ of all oral cancers. One hundred and forty two patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected from a total of 220 patients with oral malignancies. The patients' medical and follow-up records were reviewed and their survival was traced. The highest occurrence rate was observed in those aged between 60 and 69 years. The tongue was the most common primary site(31.7%) for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The overall five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was 66.90%. The 5-year survival rate according to stage was 85.82% for stage I, and 49.98% for stage IV. The five-year survival rate according to the originating site was 91.67% for the retromolar trigone, 75.30% for the tongue, and 62.41% for the maxillary gingiva. In terms of cell differentiation, the majority(58.5%) was the well-differentiated type, which had a 5-year survival rate of 70.62%.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.312-320
• /
• 2004

Objectives : An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by coxsackie A24 (CA24) virus occurred in South Korea in 2002. CA24 was isolated for the first time from patients with AHC. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the transmission routes and prevent another AHC outbreaks. Methods : The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among 1,730 students from 2 middle schools and 1 technical high school in Gyeongju city. For statistical analysis the chi-square test was used, and chi-square for trend method showing a level of significance less than p<0.05 was proven to be significant. Variables which were proven to be significant in univariate analysis were analysed by multiple logistic regression. Results : The attack rate was 57.1%. The student groups with rubbing one s own eyes, computer usage, and sharing cellular phone had a significantly higher AHC attack rate (p<0.05). According to the multiple logistic regression, the odds ratios for male, high school, computer use, sharing cellular phone, and rubbing one s own eyes were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion : The most significant feature of this outbreak was that many students rubbed their own eyes following contact with AHC patients in a deliberate attempt to avoid going to school. Other transmission methods were computer usage and sharing cellular phone. In the future, health and school authorities must plan new strategies for the prevention of AHC.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.578-592
• /
• 1997

The use of semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires to estimate dietary intake has become widespread in nutritional epidemiologic studies. It had been suggested that knowledge about a person's usual portion size of each meal in addition to consumption frequency will improve the accuracy of this method. This study was performed to investigate the dietary intake status(nutrient, food, and dish intake) and one portion size of commonly consumed food and dishes to develop a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire that will be used to expore the relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular disease and diet in Korean women after menopause. Intake of food or dish in 123 elderly women were measured by 3-day food records in March to May, 1996. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follow : 1) Calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin E intakes were less adequate than Recommended dietary allowances(RDA). 2) The subjects who consumed more than 20% of the energy from fat were 35% and the subjects consumed dietary cholesterol more than 300mg were 18$\%$. 3) The most frequently consumed foods or dishes by the subjects were Korean cabbage kimchi〉cooked rice, well-milled〉laver〉apple〉strawberry〉mixed rice〉soybean soup. 4) The major dish groups which contributed to most daily nutrient intakes were cooked rice, Korean cabbage kimchi, soybean soup because of large amount and high frequency of intake although they do not contain large amount of most nutrients. 5) One portion size of commomly consumed foods and dishes in elderly women was different from one portion size suggested in the Korean nutrition society. This study provides information for the design of data-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. for Korean elderly women. In addition, they may be useful to health care planners or nutrition educators. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 578-592, 1997)

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2013

This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL genes and monitor antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli, isolated from a hospital and a community. We tested 200 E. coli strains isolated in the hospitals and community in Chungcheong area from January to March 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by using the disk diffusion method. A search for ESBL genes was conducted by PCR amplification, and the genotypes were determined by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified products. An Epidemiologic study was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR). The percentage of ESBL-producing isolates was 17% for hospital associated E. coli and 11% for community associated E. coli. The ESBL gene sequencing results showed that the most common ESBL in E. coli was CTX-M-14 (19/28), followed by CTX-M-15 (9/28). The REP-PCR study also showed the genetic diversity, but there was no difference between the hospital and community associated E. coli. In this study, the most common types of class A ESBLs identified were CTX-M in the hospital and the community in Chungcheong area. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed diverse clonality.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of fatigue and its related factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The subjects were 143 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data were collected by questionnaires including Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Fatigue(Tack, 1991), Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire(Bae et al., 1991), numeric scale of pain(Lee & Song, 1987), Center for Epidemiologic StudiesDepression, and Korean Sleep Scale(Oh, et al., 1998). The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Result: The result were as follows. 1. The scores of fatigue of subjects averaged $4.95{\pm}1.83$, degree of fatigue was $5.85{\pm}1.98$, and influence of fatigue was $4.04{\pm}2.09$. 2. The mean score of the degree of physical dysfunction, pain, sleep disorder, and depression were $1.42{\pm}0.38,\;8.15{\pm}3.58,\;1.86{\pm}0.67,\;and\;1.85{\pm}0.46$ points respectively. 3. The subject's total fatigue score, physical dysfunction, pain, sleep disorder, and depression was correlated positively(r=.44, r=.28, r=.29, r=.27, p< .01). 4. The main influencing factors on the fatigue were physical dysfunction and sleep disorder. These two main variables made it possible to explain 23.0% of the variance in fatigue. Conclusion: Therefore, nursing interventions for fatigue experienced women with rheumatoid arthritis would be focused to decrease physical dysfunction and sleep disorder.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.404-414
• /
• 2005

Objectives: The present study proposed to evaluate 1st-month and 3rd-month health status, depression, self-efficacy and medical expenses of a community-based health promotive self-management program for old Koreans. Method: Participants in the CDSMP were selected from elders in a community health center through convenient sampling. The program included a 3-hour session per week for 14 weeks. Outcomes of evaluation in the 1st month and the 3rd month included modified Self-rated Health Status Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale, and 1-item Medical Expenses Scale. Results: Self-rate health scores increased significantly just after the intervention (16.22), in the 1st month (17.57) and in the 3rd month (19.04) (x2=32.06. p=.000); Depression scores (reversed) also increased significantly just after the intervention (6.04), in the 1st month (7.75) and in the 3rd month (8.39) ( $x^2=29.92$. p=.000); Self-efficacy score increased significantly just after intervention (12.87) but it decreased in the 1st month (12.73) and in the 3rd month (12.04). But all of the three scores were still higher than those before the intervention (8.65) ($x^2=32.42$. p=.000): Medical expense score decreased at the end of the intervention (1.57) but the cost score increased in the 1st month (2.48) and in the 3rd month (2.39) ($x^2$=7.81. p=.050). Conclusion: CDSMP is effective in increasing self-rate health and self-efficacy and in decreasing depression in the Korean elderly. However, no significant effect of the program was observed in decreasing the medical cost of the Korean elderly.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The measurement of body composition, including muscle and fat mass, remains challenging in large epidemiological studies due to time constraint and cost when using accurate modalities. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate prediction equations according to sex to measure lean body mass (LBM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and body fat mass (BFM) using anthropometric measurement, serum creatinine level, and lifestyle factors as independent variables and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as the reference method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A sample of the Korean general adult population (men: 7,599; women: 10,009) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011 was included in this study. The participants were divided into the derivation and validation groups via a random number generator (with a ratio of 70:30). The prediction equations were developed using a series of multivariable linear regressions and validated using the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The initial and practical equations that included age, height, weight, and waist circumference had a different predictive ability for LBM (men: R2 = 0.85, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.78, SEE = 2.2 kg), ASM (men: R2 = 0.81, SEE = 1.6 kg; women: R2 = 0.71, SEE = 1.2 kg), and BFM (men: R2 = 0.74, SEE = 2.7 kg; women: R2 = 0.83, SEE = 2.2 kg) according to sex. Compared with the first prediction equation, the addition of other factors, including serum creatinine level, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol use, resulted in an R2 that is higher by 0.01 and SEE that is lower by 0.1. CONCLUSIONS: All equations had low bias, moderate agreement based on the Bland-Altman plot, and high ICC, and this result showed that these equations can be further applied to other epidemiologic studies.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.431-440
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 대학생이 지각한 부모의 과보호와 우울 증상에 미치는 영향에서 회피대처의 조절효과를 규명하고자 한 연구이다. 연구 대상은 지방 지역의 대학생 230명을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 부모양육태도, 우울, 회피대처의 척도였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 21.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였고, 내적합치도 계수(Cronbach α)를 구하였다. 본 연구문제를 검증하기 위해 상관분석과 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였고, 밝혀진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 과보호와 우울증상, 회피대처는 각 변인 간 모두 정적상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 부모의 과보호와 우울증상의 관계에서 회피대처는 조절효과를 주는 변인임을 확인하였다.