• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.577-584
• /
• 2006

The binding of heavy metal ions onto cross-linked chitosan in dilute aqueous solution has been investigated as a function of pH (4.0 and 7.0), agitation period (10-180min) and concentration of various metal cations (5, 10, 50 and 100ppm). In order to obtain adsorbents that are insoluble and stable, and prevent the dissolution loss of chitosan into an acidic aqueous solution, chitosan flakes were cross-linked with epichlorohydrine (ECH) and its adsorption behavior was compared with that of the non cross-linked chitosan. An advantage of ECH is that it does not eliminate the cationic amine functional group of chitosan. In terms of adsorption ratio, the chitosan cross-linked at an ECH was inferior to original chitosan and was found that chitosan has a selectivity much remarkable than the cross-linked chitosan in low concentrated metal solutions. However, no significant decreases in the adsorption ratios were observed between the cross-linked ECH-chitosan and the non cross-linked chitosan concerning the adsorption of $Ni^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ acidic solution.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2006

Lyocell is a not only environmentally-friendly but also very advantageous fiber. When Lyocell is soaked in water, its wet tenacity does not decrease and elongation and moisture regain of it are better than cotton. However, one drawback of lyocell is its fibrillation. The fibrills of lyocell were generated during wet process such as scouring and dyeing deteriorates the dyeing color depth and the appearance of fabric. The purpose of this study was to decrease the fibrillation tendency of lyocell fabric using crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrine(ECH). The effects of NaOH scouring and ECH crosslinking were observed. The different types of ECH addition methods to lyocell and the various concentrations of ECH in crosslinking reaction onto dyeing characteristic and fibriallation were investigated. Weight loss and whiteness index of crosslinked lyocell by ECH were examined. K/S values of ECH treated lyocell fabrics dyed with reactive dye were measured and SEM images of untreated and treated lyocells were observed extensively to define the fibrillation tendency. The results were as follows ; 1) ECH treatment showed the effect of weight loss and scouring because ECH crosslinking reaction was conducted in alkaline condition. 2) The increase in ECH concentration from 5 to 30% does not affected K/S value changes. 3) ECH crosslinking can effectively prevent the fibrillation tendency of lyocell.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2004

Inclusion complexes of the p-nitrophenol with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (CD), sulfated ${\beta}$-CD, and ${\beta}$-CD polymer cross-linked with epichlorohydrine (EP) were prepared and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The intensity of vibration peaks of the C-O and C-N at 1284 and $856cm^{-1}$ of the p-nitrophenol in the presence of EP-linked CD polymer was remarkably increased, respectively. The vibration modes at 1284 and $856cm^{-1}$ are assigned to the out-of phase C-C-O stretching mode and the C-N stretching mode, respectively. The vibration peaks at 1284 and $856cm^{-1}$ increased with increasing the content of EP-linked CD polymers, while decreased with increasing the p-nitrophenol content. Furthermore, the vibration mode of the $NO_2$ symmetric stretch at $1344cm^{-1}$ enhanced with increasing the content of p-nitrophenol.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2009

This work has demonstrated that a novel amphiphilic poly(epichlorohydrine)-graft-polystyrene (PECH-g-PS) copolymer at 34:66 wt% was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene using PECH as a macroinitiator. The structure of the graft copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR) and FTIR spectroscopy, demonstrating that the "grafting from" method using ATRP was successful. The self-assembled graft copolymer was used as a template film for the in-situ growth of silver nanoparticles from $AgCF_3SO_3$ precursor under UV irradiation. The in situ formation of silver nanoparticles with 6-8 nm in average size in the solid state template film was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also displayed the selective incorporation and the in situ formation of silver nanoparticles within the hydrophilic PECH domains, probably due to stronger interaction of the silvers with the ether oxygens of PECH backbone than that with hydrophobic PS side chains.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.312-319
• /
• 2013

This study is to do with the synthesis of glycidyl succinate cationic gemini surfactant. The gemini surfactant was synthesized with using 2-methyl disodium succinate, epichlorohydrine and N,N-dimethyl dodecyl amine. The target material was confirmed by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR and was tested their properties. Surface active properties such as surface tension, evaluated cmc, emulsing properties, foaming properties were measured respectively at given conditions. The surface tensions for the aqueous solution of gemini surfactant were 33~34 dyne/cm and their cmc values evaluated by surface tension method were $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-3}mol/L$. Emulsing properties of gemini surfactant was better in organic solvent and foaming power was confirmed good stability.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2010

Amphiphilic graft copolymers based on poly(epichlorohydrine) (PECH) were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Successful graft polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) from PECH was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Upon the introduction of KI or LiI to the graft copolymers, the ether stretching bands were shifted to a lower wavenumber due to coordinative interactions. Ionic conductivities of PECH-g-PBMA complexes were always higher than those of PECH-g-PMMA complexes, resulting from higher mobility of rubbery PBMA chains. The maximum ionic conductivity of $2.7{\times}10^{-5}\;S/cm$ was obtained at 10 wt% of KI for PECH-g-PBMA electrolytes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate increasing the neutral substantivity of anionic dyes for cationic-modified cotton fabric treatied with cationic agent. In the present study 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride for reactive cationic agent was produced by reaction of epichlorohydrine with trimethylamine hydrochloride. 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was converted in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide into glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride. By treating with this epoxy reagent the hydroxyl groups of cotton fabric was modified to trimethylammonium group through ether linkage. The introduction of new cationic sites into cotton fabric by pretreating with cationic agent improves the substantivity of anionic dyes with the cotton in dyebath. Dyeablity of the modified cotton fabric for direct and reactive dyes was much improved in a non-electrolytic or a little electrolytic dyebath and was proportional to the concentration of cationic agent.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1995

The polyepichlorohydrine(poly(ECH)) was prepared by the condensation polymerization of epichlorohydrine. The cationic agent was prepared from poly(ECH) by amination of poly(ECH) with dimethyleneamine. Pretreatment of cellulosic fabric with the poly(ECH)amine produced a modified fabrics that could be dyed under neutral condition with reactive dye using small amount of the salt. Colour yield of cellulosic fabric were increased by increasing salt concentraction. cationic agent concentration. The optimum condition for colour yield was the concentration of cationic agent 5%(o.w.f), that of NaCl 4g/l, and that of $Na_{2}CO_{3}$5g/l. The dyeing of treated fabrics exhibits improved colour yield and high wash fastness.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.10
• /
• pp.2973-2979
• /
• 2010

The newly synthesized homogeneous chiral Co(III) salen complexes were anchored non-covalently on the acidic sites of mesoporous Al-SBA-15. The Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites are attributed to the immobilization of fluorine functionalized chiral salen complexes on the supports. XRD, BET, TEM, FT-IR and ESCA (XPS) analyses were performed to characterize the property of support, and the structure of new homogeneous and heterogeneous chiral Co salen catalyst. The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts could be applied in asymmetric ring opening of epichlorohydrine (ECH) by water. They showed very high enantioselectivity and a good yield up to 99% in the catalytic synthesis of optically active products.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2009

The formation of mesoporous pores in the microporous mordenite crystals was performed by controlled silica extraction on alkaline treatment. Inner tunable mesopore size could be controlled by changing the concentration of alkaline solution. The pore structure of mordenite zeolite was studied by instrumental analysis after alkaline-treatment. To obtain the cage type mesopores, Ti-coating on the ourside mordenite crystals before alkaline treatment was investigated to be the most effective. Polymeric chiral salen Co (III) complexes were successfully encapsulated in mesoporous mordenite zeolite by "ship-in-a-bottle" method. The heterogeneous catalyst could be applied in asymmetric ring opening of epichlorohydrine by water. It showed very excellent enantioselectivity with a high yield in the catalysis.