• 제목/요약/키워드: Enzymatic transformation

검색결과 45건 처리시간 0.025초

Biotransformation of flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides by $\beta$-glucuronidases

  • Choi, Ran-Joo;Ha, In-Jin;Choi, Jae-Sue;Park, You-Mie;Kim, Yeong-Shik
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2010
  • $\beta$-Glucuronidases (E.C. 3.2.1.31) from Escherichia coli, Helix pomatia, and bovine liver activity have been investigated on 7-O-glucuronides (baicalin, wogonoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) and 3-O-glucuronides (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide). Bovine liver enzyme was not active on any of these substrates. E. coli and H. pomatia enzymes were active on 7-O-glucuronides, however, 3-O-glucuronides were resistant to $\beta$-glucuronidase hydrolysis. These results suggest that glucuronic acid at 7-position is more susceptible to E. coli and H. pomatia $\beta$-glucuronidases than that at 3-position. In addition, the subtle difference of aglycone structure on 7-O-glucuronides affected the preference of enzyme. E. coli enzyme was favorable for the hydrolysis of baicalin, however, H. pomatia enzyme was found to be efficient for the hydrolysis of wogonoside. Both enzymes showed the similar hydrolytic activity towards luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. When the Scutellaria baicalensis crude extract was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, baicalin and wogonoside were successfully converted to their aglycone counterparts with H. pomatia at 50 mM sodium bicarbonate buffer pH 4.0. Accordingly, the enzymatic transformation of glycosides may be quite useful in preparing aglycones under mild conditions.

Effect of Introducing Chitinase Gene on the Resistance of Tuber Mustard against White Mold

  • Ojaghian, Seyedmohammadreza;Wang, Ling;Xie, Guan-Lin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.378-383
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    • 2020
  • The objective of this research was introduction of chit42 to tuber mustard plants through Agrobacteriummediated transformation against white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The binary plasmid pGisPEC1 was used in this study. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected the transgene in 27 transformants with a transformation efficiency of 6.9%. Southern blot test was used to assess the copy number of transgene in tuber mustard plants. One, two, two, and two chit42-related bands were observed in the transformed lines TMB4, TMB7, TMB12, and TMB18, respectively. Enzymatic tests showed a significant increase in the activity of endochitinase in protein isolated from leaf tissues of chit42 transgenic 75-day tuber mustard lines. The pathogenicity of three pathogen isolates was tested on the leaves of transformed plans. The results of current study showed that expression of the gene chit42 in tuber mustard plants markedly reduced infection radius on the leaves 7 days after inoculation with the fungus.

Enzymatic Transformation of Ginsenoside Rb1 by Lactobacillus pentosus Strain 6105 from Kimchi

  • Kim, Se-Hwa;Min, Jin-Woo;Quan, Lin-Hu;Lee, Sung-Young;Yang, Dong-Uk;Yang, Deok-Chun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 2012
  • Ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), the principal component of ginseng, is responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi using esculin agar, to produce ${\beta}$-glucosidase. We focused on the bio-transformation of ginsenoside. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by comparing the 16S rRNA sequences. We identified the strain as Lactobacillus (strain 6105). In order to determine the optimal conditions for enzyme activity, the crude enzyme was incubated with 1 mM ginsenoside Rb1 to catalyse the reaction. A carbon substrate, such as cellobiose, lactose, and sucrose, resulted in the highest yields of ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity. Biotransformations of ginsenoside Rb1 were analyzed using TLC and HPLC. Our results confirmed that the microbial enzyme of strain 6105 significantly transformed ginsenoside as follows: Rb1${\rightarrow}$gypenoside XVII, Rd${\rightarrow}$F2 into compound K. Our results indicate that this is the best possible way to obtain specific ginsenosides using microbial enzymes from 6105 culture.

알카리내성 세균의 생리적 특성 및 형질전환 (Physiological properties and transformation of alkaline-tolerant bacteria)

  • 유주현;정용준;정건섭;오두환
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 1986
  • 새로운 알카리내성 숙주균주를 개발하기 위하여 토양으로부터 알카리조건하에서 생육하는 미생물을 분리하고 이들 중에서 amylase활성과 Protease활성 및 항균력을 동시에 가지며 plasmid pUB 110이 형질전환 되어 이 plasmid가 안정하게 유지되는 균주를 선정하여 알카리내성 Bacillus sp. YA-14로 동정하였다. 분리균주의 amylase와 protease는 각각 pH 8.0과 pH 7.5에서 가장 활성이 높았으며 피검균으로 사용한 B. subtilis와 Sarcina lutea에 항균력을 나타내었다. 분리균주의 형질전환에는 0.4% MgSO$_4$ 가 함유된 modified SPI배지 (MSPI, pH8.0)를 사용하였으며 말기대수증식기의 균체가 적당하였다. Transformant는 20세대 계대배양 후에도 pUB,110plasmid가 안정하게 유지되어 형질발현되었다. 이 결과로부터 분리균주는 Bacillus속의 host-vector계에서 새로운 알카리내성 숙주균주로서 이용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

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The Significance of Pyrazine Formation in Flavor Generation during the Maillard Reaction

  • Yoo, Seung-Seok
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.360-367
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    • 1997
  • The chemistry background of the Maillard reaction focused on pyrazines and factors affecting the reaction products were reviewed. The Maillard reaction, also called a non-enzymatic browning reaction, is quite complex and generates numerous reaction products. In processed foods, it is generally accepted as a key reaction to produce flavor components. Specially, pyrazines possess an important impact character on the roasted foods with other heterocyclic compounds. The Maillard reaction is initiated by condensation between reducing sugar and amino group, and N-glycosylamines are produced via Schiff base with dehydration of water. After the rearrangement of the N-glycosylamines, they follow transformation into deoxyhexosones which are reactive intermediates. Degradation and fragmentation are facilitated by rearranged compounds. By condensation, pyrazine, one of the final Maillard products, is generated as a relatively stable form to provide specific aromas. During the processes of the reaction, chemical or physical environmental parameters affect the formation of the products.

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Regeneration and Agrobacterium - Mediated Transient Transformation of Button Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)

  • Franklin G.;Alaiwi W. Abou;Goldman S.L.
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2005
  • Explants of button daisy were screened for their regeneration potential and transient GUS gene expression. Medium containing MS salts minerals and $B_5$ vitamins supplemented with $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ BA and $0.1\;\cal{mg/L}$ TDZ showed the best regeneration. Disc florets and receptacles were the most responsive explants in regeneration and transient gene expression respectively. Regenerated plants were successfully rooted and established in the green-house conditions. Infection and co-cultivation of explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing pCAMBIA 1301 resulted in transient GUS foci. Among the different explants, receptacles showed the highest percentage of transient GUS gene expression. Enzymatic and molecular analyses of transformed calli confirmed the integration of GUS gene.

Lipase-catalyzed Remote Kinetic Resolution of Quaternary Carbon-containing Alcohols and Determination of Their Absolute Configuration

  • Im, Dai-Sig;Cheong, Chan-Seong;Lee, So-Ha
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.1269-1275
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    • 2003
  • The quaternary carbon-containing alcohols (1-6) were resolved enantioselectively by various lipases such as PFL (Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase), LAK (Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase), CRL (Candida rugosa lipase) and PCL (Pseudomonas cepacia lipase). The enzymatic resolution of racemic alcohol $({\pm})-2$ gave the excellent enantioselectivity in favor of (S)-2d in 99% ee, while those of the racemic alcohols (1, 3, 4, 5 and 6) gave the resolved alcohols with moderate to good enantioselectivity. Also, their absolute configurations were determined by chemical transformation to the known compounds.

마우스 흑색종세포에서 Purpurogallin의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과 (Antimelanogenic Effect of Purpurogallin in Murine Melanoma Cells)

  • 김한혁;김태훈
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제44권12호
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    • pp.1905-1911
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    • 2015
  • 천연 미백소재 개발과 관련하여 많은 연구들이 멜라닌 합성저해 및 활성 메커니즘을 규명하는 데 초점이 맞춰졌으며, 이러한 이유로 tyrosinase 저해제 개발이 다양하게 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구는 배 유래의 polyphenol oxidase를 이용하여 천연에 존재하는 단순 폴리페놀인 pyrogallol의 산화 축합반응을 유도하여 purpurogallin을 효율적으로 생합성하였으며, 본 화합물에 대해서 미백 활성을 평가하였다. 먼저 MTT assay를 통해 세포독성이 없는 농도구간을 설정하였으며, purpurogallin은 $25{\mu}M$ 농도의 melanoma 세포 내에서 tyrosinase 활성을 20% 이상 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 $25{\mu}M$의 시험 농도에서 purpurogallin은 약 20% 이상의 melanin 생합성 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 미백 관련 전사인자인 MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase의 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과, 본 화합물은 B16F10 melanoma 세포에서 tyrosinase, TRP-1과 TRP-2의 단백질 생합성을 두 추출물 모두 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. Tyrosinase, TRP-1과 TRP-2의 발현을 조절하는 전사인자로는 MITF가 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 실제로 MITF는 melanin 생성과 관련된 여러 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 데 중요한 작용을 하고 있다. 따라서 purpurogallin은 melanin 생성과 관련된 중요한 세 가지 단백질의 생합성을 전사단계에서 조절 전사인자인 MITF의 단백질 발현을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 멜라닌 생합성에 있어서 상위 신호단계에 있는 전사인자 MITF의 활성을 억제함으로써 하위 신호전달 과정을 억제하는 것임을 시사하며, 향후 추가적인 검증작업을 통해 화장품 소재화가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

완두 자엽세포의 소포체 내강에 축적된 저장 단백질에 대한 면역세포화학적 연구 (Immunocytochemical Investigation on the Intracisternal Accumulations of Storage Protein in Pea Cotyledon Cells)

  • 정병갑;박홍덕
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2001
  • 완두 자엽세포에 대한 저장단백질 과립의 발달은 단백질 저장 액포의 가장자리에 축적된 단백질의 fragmentation에 의해서 이루어지는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 최근 이 외에도 terminal dilation, transformation, denovo development등의 독립적인 과정이 각각 다른 시기에 관찰되므로서 단백과립의 발달은 이러한 여러 과정이 모두 나타나는 복합과정임이 알려졌다. 이러한 과정과는 별도로 종자발달의 이른시기에 소포체 내강에 축적되는 저장단백질과 여기서 발달하는 단백과립에 대하여 규명하고자 발달중인 종자의 자엽으로부터 단일 세포를 얻어서 면역세포 화학적 반응을 실시하였다. 그 결과 종자발달의 이른 시기에는 legumin이, 중간시기 이후 에는 vicilin이 축적되므로서 단백질이 축적된 소포체가 단백과립으로 발달하는 것으로 나타났다 소포체 내강에 존재하는 단백질인 $\alpha-Tip$은 비교적 늦은시기에, toneplast membrane protein인 PPase는 이른시기에 각각 면역 세포화학적 반응이 관찰되었다.

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형질전환된 상추내에서 GUS 유전자의 발현 및 후대검정 (Expression of $\beta$-Glucuronidase (GUS) Gene in Transgenic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Its Progeny Analysis)

  • CHUNG, Jae Dong;KIM, Chang Kil;KIM, Kyung Min
    • 식물조직배양학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.225-229
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    • 1998
  • 상추의 종자 무균발아후 4일된 자엽조직을 GUS 유전자가 도입된 A. tumefaciens LBA 4404와 2일간 공동배양한 다음 0.1mg/L NAA, 1.0mg/L 2ip, 50mg/L kanamycin, 500mg/L carbenicillin이 첨가된 MS 배지에 배양하여 식물체를 재분화시켰다. PCR 분석결과 GUS 유전자가 형질전환된 식물체의 게놈상에 삽입되어 있음을 확인하였다. 해부학적 GUS 활성을 분석하여 형질전환된 식물체의 줄기, 잎 그리고 뿌리에서 GUS 유전자의 발현을 확인하였다. 형질전환체로 확인된 식물체를 자가수정시켜 얻어진 종자의 GUS 활성을 분석하여 GUS 유전자가 발현되는 것을 확인하였다.

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