• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

Due to the potential of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals in human body, it is important to be able to prepare antioxidant peptides that meet the industrial requirements for cosmetics and food. Here, we determined in vivo/in vitro activities of antioxidant peptide from P. fucata (PFAOP) prepared by bio-fermentation method. The antioxidant property test results showed the DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical-scavenging, and cellular antioxidant activity. EC50 values of PFAOPs were 0.018 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.008, 0.168 ± 0.005, and 0.105 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively, exhibiting higher antioxidant activities than glutathione (p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-proliferation and cytotoxicity activity results illustrated PFAOP has a potent anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7 carcinoma cells with no cytotoxicity. Moreover, the protocols we developed in this work demonstrated several excellent advantages in PFAOP preparation compared to enzymatic hydrolysis or chemical synthesis methods and provide a theoretical foundation for higher-value application of marine-derived functional peptides.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.860-868
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• 2015

The effect of Si supplied during plant cultivation on tolerance to high temperature stress in Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. 'Ichiban' was investigated. Rooted cuttings were transplanted into 10-cm pots and a complete nutrient solution, containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si as either $K_2SiO_3$, $Na_2SiO_3$, or $CaSiO_3$, was supplied through subirrigation or weekly foliar applications. After two months of cultivation, plants were placed in an environment-controlled chamber and subjected to $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ (high temperature) conditions for 18 days. Enhanced specific activities of enzymatic antioxidants (APX) and suppressed specific activities of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ELP) were observed in the high temperature-stressed plants with Si application. The Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II), photosynthetic rate, and Si contents in the shoot increased in the treatments of $K_2SiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$ supplied through subirrigation. The Si-treated plants had more tolerance of high temperature stress than the control plants. Of the Si sources and application methods tested, $K_2SiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$ supplied through subirrigation were found to be the most effective in enhancing tolerance to high temperature stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2023

Heavy metals, including lead (Pb) toxicity, are increasing in soil and are considered toxic in small amounts. Pb contamination is mainly caused by industrialization - smelting, mining. Agricultural practices - sewage sludge, pests and urban practices - lead paint. It can seriously damage and threaten crop growth. Pb can adversely affect plant growth and development by affecting the photosystem, cell membrane integrity, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)andsuperoxide(O₂.-). NO is produced via enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to scavenge ROS and lipid peroxidation substrates in terms of protecting cells from oxidative damage. Thus, NO improves ion homeostasis and confers resistance to metal stress. Our results here suggest that exogenous NO may aid in better growth under lead stress. These enhancements may be aided by NO's ability in sensing, signaling and stress tolerance in plants under heavy metal stress in combination with lead stress. Our results show that GSNO has a positive effect on soybean seedling growth in response to axillary pressure and that NO supplementation helps to reduce chlorophyll maturation and relative water content in leaves and roots following strong burst under lead stress. GSNO supplementation (200 µM and 100 µM) reduced compaction and approximated oxidative damage of MDA, proline and H₂O₂. Under plant tension, a distorted appearance was found in the relief of oxidative damage by ROS scavenging by GSNO application. In summary, modulation of these NO, PCS and prolongation of metal past reversing GSNO application confirms the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean. In summary, these NO, PCS and metal traditionally sustained rates of reverse GSNO application confirm the detoxification of ROS induced by toxic metal rates in soybean.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2015

A compressive description of tropical milky white mushroom (Calocybe indica P&C var. APK2) is provided in this review. This mushroom variety was first identified in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal and can be cultivated on a wide variety of substrates, at a high temperature range ($30{\sim}38^{\circ}C$). However, no commercial cultivation was made until 1998. Krishnamoorthy 1997 rediscovered the fungus from Tamil Nadu, India and standardized the commercial production techniques for the first time in the world. This edible mushroom has a long shelf life (5~7 days) compared to other commercially available counterparts. A comprehensive and critical review on physiological and nutritional requirements viz., pH, temperature, carbon to nitrogen ratio, best carbon source, best nitrogen source, growth period, growth promoters for mycelia biomass production; substrate preparation; spawn inoculation; different supplementation and casing requirements to increase the yield of mushrooms has been outlined. Innovative and inexpensive methods developed to commercially cultivate milky white mushrooms on different lignocellulosic biomass is also described in this review. The composition profiles of milky white mushroom, its mineral contents and non-enzymatic antioxidants are provided in comparison with button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Antioxidant assay results using methanol extract of milky white mushroom has been provided along with the information about the compounds that are responsible for flavor profile both in fresh and dry mushrooms. Milky white mushroom extracts are known to have anti-hyperglycemic effect and anti-lipid peroxidation effect. The advantage of growing at elevated temperature creates newer avenues to explore milky white mushroom cultivation economically around the world, especially, in humid tropical and sub-tropical zones. Because of its incomparable productivity and shelf life to any other cultivated mushrooms in the world, milky white mushroom could play an important role in satisfying the growing market demands for edible mushrooms in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2006

In this study, antioxidant activities of enzymatic and methanolic extracts from E. cava stem and leave were evaluated by measuring the scavenging activities on 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and the inhibitory effects on DNA damage induced by oxidative stress of cells. Enzymatic extracts were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of both stem and leave using food grade five different carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl, Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme, Alcalase). The enzymatic extracts were lower than methanolic extracts in polyphenol contents, but higher in extraction yield by approximately 30%. The enzymatic extracts were superior to methanolic extracts in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities and DNA damage protective effect. There were no significant antioxidant activity difference between stem and leave, but the extracts of leave were relatively better than those of stem. In this study it is suggested that E. cava stem as well as its leave would be a good raw materials for antioxidants compound extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis would be a good strategy to prepare antioxidant extracts from seaweeds.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

Chronic joint pain due to loss of cartilage function, degradation of subchondral bone, and related conditions are common plights of an arthritis patient. Antioxidant compounds could solve the problems in arthritic condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of D-carvone against complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. D-carvone was orally administered for 25 days at the doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg against CFA-induced arthritic rats. Changes in body weight, paw swelling, organ index, hematological parameters, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology were recorded. Oral treatment of D-carvone significantly improved the body weight, reduced the paw swelling, edema formation, and organ index in arthritic rats. The levels of white blood cells were reduced, red blood cells and hemoglobin levels were improved in D-carvone treated arthritic rats. Lipid peroxidation levels were lowered whereas enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly elevated by D-carvone administration against arthritic rats. D-carvone significantly modulated inflammatory cytokine levels and improved the ankle joint pathology against CFA-induced arthritic inflammation. In conclusion, D-carvone proved significant anti-arthritic activity against CFA-induced arthritis in rats.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2006

The present study describes carbohydrate metabolism, macro-element utilization and antioxidant defenses in response to an ozone dose (100 ppb, 8d) in two rice varieties. Tolerant (cv. Jinpumbyeo) and sensitive (cv. Chucheongbyeo) varieties of rice were grown in growth chamber for 30 days after sowing. Concentrations of chloroplast pigments and non-structural carbohydrates as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined to evaluate the resistance against ozone stress. Ozone caused the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, and also resulted in faster decomposition of non-structural carbohydrate in leaf blade and leaf sheath. The contents of nitrogen and potassium in leaves were visibly decreased in cv. Chucheongbyeo with an increase in ozone exposure, but not in cv. Jinpumbyeo. Enzymatic antioxidants against ROS in both varieties responded in the order of POD, SOD and CAT, and their capacity was stronger in cv. Jinpumbyeo.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4185-4197
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• 2016

Chronic arsenicosis is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world, including India. Animals and human beings are affected due to drinking of arsenic contaminated ground water, due to natural mineral deposits, arsenical pesticides or improperly disposed arsenical chemicals. Arsenic causes cancer with production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system consisting of enzymes and numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants. Dietary antioxidant supplements are useful to counteract the carcinogenesis effects of arsenic. Oyster mushroom lectins can be regarded as ingredients of popular foods with biopharmaceutical properties. A variety of compounds have been isolated from mushrooms, which include polysaccharides and polysaccharopeptides with immune-enhancing effects. Lectins are beneficial in reducing arsenic toxicity due to anticarcinogenetic roles and may have therapeutic application in people suffering from chronic exposure to arsenic from natural sources, a global problem that is especially relevant to millions of people on the Indian subcontinent.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2018

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that defined by chronic hyperglycemia for the deficiency in insulin secretion or resistance. Hyperglycemia could induce non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. It has been suggested that some traditional plants can improve blood glucose and inhibit glycation process. This work evaluates and compares the anti-glycation activities of four Iranian plant extracts in vitro. Methods: The methanolic extract of "Fumaria officinalis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Salvia hydrangea and Rosa Damascene" was prepared in three different concentrations. Phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The multistage glycation markers- fructosamines (early stage), protein carbonyls (intermediate stage) and ${\beta}$ aggregation of albumin were investigated in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ glucose systemt. Results: All plants showed the high potency of scavenging free radicals and glycation inhibition in the following order: Fumaria officinalis> Rosa Damascene> Stachys lavandulifolia > Salvia hydrangea. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycation activity. Also, the antioxidant and anti-glycation capacity of extracts correlated with total phenolic and flavonoids content. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the studied plants are good sources of anti-glycation and antioxidant compounds and, these properties can primarily attributable to phenolics, particularly flavonoids.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2022

In this study, extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Terminalia chebula fruit were combined in different ratios, and their anti-osteoarthritis effects were compared to determine which combination had the best synergistic effect. B. serrata, C. longa, and T. chebula extracts in a 2:1:2 ratio exhibited higher antioxidative activity in scavenging DPPH radicals than did the individual extracts alone or the other extract combinations. Additionally, the 2:1:2 combination significantly improved the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, this same combination ratio decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP13 in interleukin-1β-stimulated human articular chondrocytes (HCHs) and increased those of aggrecan and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the 2:1:2 combination significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Therefore, the 2:1:2 combination of these three plant extracts has the best potential for use as an effective dietary supplement for improving joint health compared with the individual extracts and their other combination ratios.