• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1262-1266
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the use of liquid crystals to selectively detect the activity of enzymes at interfaces decorated with oligopeptide-based membranes. We prepared a mixed monolayer of tetra(ethylene glycol)-terminated lipids and carboxylic acid-terminated lipids at the aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interface. The 17 amino-acid oligopeptide SNFKTIYDEANQFATYK was then immobilized onto this mixed monolayer through N-hydroxysuccinimide-activation of the carboxylic acid groups. We examined the orientational behavior of nematic 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) after conjugation of the 17 amino-acid oligopeptide with the mixed monolayer assembled at the interface. Immobilization of the oligopeptide caused orientational transitions in 5CB, with a change from homeotropic (perpendicular) to tilted alignment, which was primarily due to the reorganization of the monolayer. The orientation of the 5CB molecules returned to its homeotropic state after contacting the interface containing ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, which can cleave the immobilized oligopeptide. Control experiments confirmed that the enzymatic activity of ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin triggered the ordering transitions in the LC. These results suggest that the LC can provide a facile method for selective detection of enzymatic activity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.339-342
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• 2004

Germination is a process which characterized with nescient synthesis of genes. Among the genes synthesized during the germination of wheat embryos, germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were defined. Germin is a water soluble homopentameric glycoprotein which is remarkable resistant to degradation by a broad range of proteases including pepsin. Germin proteins found to have strong oxalate oxidase activity which produces hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. The current study, aimed to localize the germin genes, proteins and enzymatic activities in developing coleoptiles which is a rapidly growing protective tissue of leaf primordium and shoot apex. Non-radioactively abeled germin riboprobes were employed to localize germin mRNAs in situ. FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate) and alkaline phosphatase linked anti-germin antibodies were used to localize germin proteins under the fluorescence and light microscopy and finally germin enzymatic activity was localized by using appropriate enzyme assay. The results revealed that in coleoptiles germin genes, proteins and their enzymatic activity were predominantly associated with the cells of epidermis and vascular bundle sheath cells.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of extracellular cellulase and xylanase from 4 selected different species, such as enzyme activity and stability by pH, temperature and metal ions, for application into enzymatic deinking system. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity of Bacillus pumilus I, B. subtilis I, B. pumilus II and B. subtilis II were mainly $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$, respectively. Certain metal ions, calcium and cobalt, elevated enzyme activity, even though there were different results of enzyme activities based on various metal ions in 4 different species. With these results we suggest that enzymatic deinking system should be proceed at $50^{\circ}C$ with neutral pH condition.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권4호통권112호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of extracellular cellulase and xylanase from Fusarium pallidoroseum and Aspergillus niger, such as enzyme activity and stability by various pH, temperature and metal ions, for application into enzymatic deinking system. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity and stability of Fusarium pallidoroseum and Aspergillus niger were $50^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, pH 9.0, respectively. Certain metal ions, calcium and cobalt, brought to elevate cellulase and xylanase activity from F. pallidoroseum and A. niger. With these results we suggest that enzymatic deinking system should be proceed at $50\~60^{\circ}C$ under their optimal pH condition.

• 약학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1960

Some enzymatic properties of Cynthia roretzi V. Drasche (Korean:U-Rung-Shei) was studied by author and obtained the following results; 1. The optimum pH of the digestive gland proteinase ws 7.4-7.6 2. Activity of metallic ion on the Proteinase showed following order; 10$^{-3}$ M. M $n^{++}$>1-$^{-3}$ M. $Co^{++}$>10$^{-4}$ M. $Mg^{++}$\ulcorner10$^{-2}$ M.S $r^{++}$. Inhibition of metallic ion on the Proteinase showed following order: 10$^{-3}$ M. A $g^{+}$>10$^{-3}$ M. c $d^{++}$>10$^{-3}$ M. P $b^{++}$>10$^{-3}$ M. Z $n^{++}$ 3. The digestive gland enzyme inactivated at 70.deg. C, but no influence at 50.deg. C. 4. When the enzyme concentration increase 2 times, and 3 times, the enzymatic activity also increase, but not proportionally 5. The digestive gland Proteinase showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the intestinal Proteinase. 6. The digestive gland amylase brom the ascidion showed remarkably higher enzymatic activity than the heptaponcreatic amylase from shell fish (Turbo (Batillus) Cornutus Solander).).er).).).er).).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2012

We investigated the anti-diabetic activity and enzymatic activity of 24 commercial doenjang samples certified for traditional foods. Twenty four doenjang samples showed the wide ranges in enzymatic activities (protease activities 0-50.45 unit/g, ${\alpha}$-amylase activities 0-675.9 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase 13.6-308.6 unit/g), and there were no difference in enzymatic activity by the producing region. To evaluate the potential anti-diabetic activity of 24 doenjang samples, we examined the effect of doenjang methanol extract (DME) on 2-[n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amyno]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake. Ten samples among 24 samples significantly stimulated the uptake of 2-NBDG. When the cells were treated with DME at 400 ug/mL, No. 17 and 23 specially stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by 1.23-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, compared with untreated control cell. And there were no cytotoxicity in the C2C12 cells treated with DME at concentration of 500 ug/mL. Among 24 samples, No. 6, 7, 12, 21 and 24 showed the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor activity at concentration of 10 mg/mL; however, they were less effective than acarbose which is a commercial ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• ALGAE
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

In this study, we focused on natural water-soluble antioxidants from fresh water microalgae, Pediastrum duplex and Dactylococcopsis fascicularis from Jeju Island, Korea. They were prepared by enzymatic digestion using five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase), and the potential antioxidant activity of each was assessed. All enzymatic digests from P. duplex showed significant DPPH scavenging effects. Termamyl (60.6%) digest from P. duplex possessed the highest effects on hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Celluclast (58.1%) and Kojizyme digests (56.9%) from D. fascicularis possessed higher effects on superoxide anion radical scavenging. All enzymatic digests exhibited significant effects on both NO· scavenging and metal chelating. Lipid peroxidation was significantly in inhibited Viscozyme, Termamyl and Kojizyme digests from P. duplex and Ultraflo, Protamex, Kojizyme and Alcalase digests from D. fascicularis. These data suggest that enzymatic digests of the fresh water microalgae, P. duplex and D. fascicularis might be valuable sources of antioxidant which can be applied in food and pharmaceutical industry.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the toxic effect of TNT and RDX on indigenous soil microbes by measuring enzymatic activity. Denitrification activity, dehydrogenase activity, phosphatase activity, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity were determined for military firing range, field, and paddy soils exposed to TNT, and RDX from 0 to 1,000 mg/kg and 0 to 4,000 mg/kg, respectively, for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Soil microbial enzymatic activities decreased with higher TNT and RDX concentration and longer exposure time. Microbial enzymatic activities of firing range soil were higher than field and paddy soils, indicating that indigenous microbes in firing range might have been adapted to TNT and RDX due to pre-exposure of the explosives. In addition, the toxicity of TNT and RDX decreased with higher organic matter because TNT and RDX tend to absorb to soil organic matter. No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) values of each microbial enzymatic activity were derived by the geometric mean of NOECs from exposure times (2, 4, and 8 weeks) and soil types (firing range, field, paddy soil). The derived NOECs ranged from 45.3 to 55.2 mg/kg for TNT and 286 to 309 mg/kg for RDX.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기능성이 높은 참죽을 효소를 이용하여 추출하고 각 효소에 따른 추출물의 기능성 성분의 함량 및 산화방지 활성을 측정하였다. Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높은 수율을 보였으며, AMG 효소 추출물을 제외한 효소 처리군이 효소 비처리군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 polyphenol 및 flavonoid 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음 AMG, Shearzyme, Celluclast 추출물의 순으로 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 추출물을 희석했음에도 불구하고 모든 처리군에서 90% 이상의 높은 활성을 보였다. $Fe^{2+}$ 킬레이트 효과는 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 그 다음 Shearzyme, Celluclast, 비효소, AMG 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 환원력은 Shearzyme과 Viscozyme 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 비효소, AMG, Celluclast 추출물 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 효소를 이용하여 참죽을 추출할 경우 효소를 처리하지 않는 경우에 비해 높은 산화방지 활성을 나타내었으며, 특히, Viscozyme 처리 시 가장 높은 수율과 산화방지 활성을 나타내어 참죽의 기능성 식품 소재화를 위해 기능성 성분 추출 시 효소의 이용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.871-877
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• 1996

담수산 어류의 고도이용과 이들 추출물의 기능적 특성 해명을 위하여 전통적인 건강보양식품으로 애용되어 온 담수산 어류를 대상으로 열수추출물과 효소 가수분해물을 제조하고 이들의 ACE 저해작용 및 gel 여과에 의한 ACE 저해획분을 분리하고 그 특성을 알아 보았다. 열수추출물과 효소 가수분해물의 ACE 저해활성은 담수어류 중 잉어가 가장 높았으며, 효소가 수분해물이 열수추출물에 비하여 강한 경향을 보였다. Ethanol가용성 획분이 침전획분에 비하여 강한 ACE 저해능을 나타내었으며, 잉어 효소 가수분해물의 70% ethanol 가용성 획분이 가장 높은 ACE 저해율을 나타내었다. ACE 저해효과를 지니는 활성획분의 분자량은 열수추출물에서는 약 1,400이었으며 효소 가수분해물에서는 1,400 보다 다소 큰 것으로 나타났고, 시료 중 잉어 효소 가수분해물이 가장 높은 ACE 저해활성을 나타내었다. 활성회분의 아미노산 조성은 열수추출물에 있어서는 glycine, alanine, leucine, proline등의 합량이 많았으며 효소 가수분해물에 있어서는 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, proline 등의 함량이 많았다. 활성획분의 $IC_{50}$/은 효소가수분해물이 열수추출물에 비하여 낮은 경향이었다.