• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.121-145
• /
• 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between the oil price and the major petroleum products prices at the trading hubs such as Singapore, North West Europe and the US New York Harbor. We focus on the lead-lag relationship between the weekly petroleum prices from 2009 to 2016 based on the vector error correction model. We find that the oil price leads the prices of petroleum products in the long term, while there is bidirectional causality in the short term. On the other hand, prices of petroleum products in regions with high import dependency, such as Europe gas oil and jet fuel price, are exogenous in the long term. We also present evidence that prices of petroleum products in region with a large global-market share lead prices in other regions. However, if the region is in an over-production situation and low industry concentration, it may lose its price leadership due to intense competition. The result in this study can provide a useful information to petroleum refining companies in forecasting fluctuations of product price, and hence in planning their regional arbitrage trading activities.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2019

Recently, according to environmental regulations, the automobile industry has been conducting various research on the use of composite materials to increase fuel efficiency. However, there has not been much research on lightweight chassis components. Therefore, in this research, the purpose of this study is to apply composite materials to the sub-frame of chassis components to achieve equivalent levels of stiffness, strength, NVH performance and 50% lightweight compared to the steel sub-frame. First, the Natural frequency of steel and composite specimens was compared to the damping characteristics of composite materials. Then, in this study, the Lay-up Sequence was derived to maximize the stiffness and strength of the sub-frame by applying composite materials. And this lay-up Sequence is proposed to avoid heat shrinkage due to curing during manufacturing. This process was designed based on a FEM structural analysis, and a Natural frequency and frequency response function graph was confirmed based on a modal analysis. The prototype type composite sub-frame was manufactured based on the design and the F.E.M analysis was verified through a modal experiment. Furthermore, it was fitted to the actual vehicle to verify the natural frequency and the indoor noise vibration response, including idling and road noise. This result was confirmed to be equivalent to the steel sub-frame. Finally, the composite sub-frame weight was confirmed to be about 50% of the steel sub-frame.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.189-203
• /
• 2021

Environmental changes, which are strongly requiring technological cooperation, such as technological development and strategic alliances according to industrial ecosystem change, have a significant impact on not only product quality but also services. Thus, there is a need for 'servitization' that can satisfy the needs of customers and the ecosystem of businesses through the convergence of manufacturing companies and services. This study uses the Expectation-Confirmation Model to examine the impact on user satisfaction and Continuance Usage Intention. Research(Study) was conducted on users who are using high-tech-based cars. For this, we used Expectation Confirmation(match expections for the user's pre-and post-use relationships), Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use and using Continuance Usage Intention as a dependent variable. Their causation was examined with the spss 26.0 and smartpls 2.0 statistical programs. As implications of this study, Expectation Confirmation has been shown to have significant positive effects on Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use. For this results, the expectations before and after the use of high-tech cars lead to improved daily lives convenience and(or) work efficiency, leading to user satisfaction and further Continuance Usage Intention. Motors consider it important to pursue the work improvements that consumers want and use it useful in daily lives in the production and sale of high-tech cars. It is expected that it will create natural habits for services that users are satisfied with, and that these habits will affect the continuous growth and understanding of the trend of change.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2021

Background: The creation of the National Institute of Ecology began as a national alternative project to preserve mudflats instead of constructing the industrial complexes by reclamation, and achieve regional development. On the other hand, at the national level, the research institute for ecology was needed to cope with the worsening conditions for maintaining biodiversity due to accelerated climate change such as global warming and increased demand for development. In order to meet these needs, the National Institute of Ecology has the following objectives: (1) carries out studies for ecosystem change due to climate change and biodiversity conservation, (2) performs ecological education to the public through exhibition of various ecosystem models, and (3) promotes regional development through the ecological industry. Furthermore, to achieve these objectives, the National Institute of Ecology thoroughly followed the basic principles of ecology, especially restoration ecology, in the process of its construction. We introduce the principles and cases of ecological restoration applied in the process. Results: We minimized the impact on the ecosystem in order to harmonize with the surrounding environment in all the processes of construction. We pursued passive restoration following the principle of ecological restoration as a process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem degraded for all the space except in land where artificial facilities were introduced. Reference information was applied thoroughly in the process of active restoration to create biome around the world, Korean peninsula forests, and wetland ecosystems. In order to realize true restoration, we pursued the ecological restoration in a landscape level as the follows. We moved the local road 6 and high-voltage power lines to underground to ensure ecological connectivity within the National Institute of Ecology campus. To enhance ecological diversity, we introduced perch poles and islands as well as floating leaved, emerged, wetland, and riparian plants in wetlands and mantle communities around the forests of the Korean Peninsula in the terrestrial ecosystem. Furthermore, in order to make the public aware of the importance of the intact nature, the low-lying landscape elements, which have disappeared due to excessive land use in most areas of Korea, was created by imitating demilitarized zone (DMZ) landscape that has these landscape elements. Conclusions: The National Institute of Ecology was created in an eco-friendly way by thoroughly reflecting the principles of ecology to suit its status and thus the impact on the existing ecosystem was minimized. This concept was also designed to be reflected in the process of operation. The results have become real, and a result of analysis on carbon budget analysis is approaching the carbon neutrality.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 2021

The development of technology to prevent environmental pollutants and reduce energy consumption has already become a very significant issue not only for the foundry industry but also for society as a whole. In this paper, we introduce a new dust collector developed for low energy consumption and high performance compared to a roof top dust collector. The roof top dust collector which is using widely in the domestic foundry plant has a low performance about the dust suction ability in spite of high energy consumption because it is installed in a high place to collect the whole dust from all processes in foundry. A dust collector away from dust sources inevitably has low energy efficiency. The development of an efficient collector for foundry is very difficult because the position of the dust source continues to change from the melting process to the pouring process. New dust collector is installed on the ladle transfer equipment such as cranes, hoists, and monorails to effectively respond to moving dust sources. The movable device, attached close to the source of dust, provides high performance even with low energy consumption. The new dust collector is expected to be an environment-friendly device that can be applied to the foundry.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2020

Entrepreneurship education has been emphasized worldwide and the number of universities that open related subjects have been increasing. K University, located in Gyeonggi-do, was selected as one of the leading universities in entrepreneurship in 2014, and has continued to grow quantitatively by providing support and education related to entrepreneurship on and off campus. In addition, major issues in entrepreneurship education were derived by conducting written or face-to-face interviews and advisory meetings with instructors, field experts, and education demanders for environmental analysis. Based on this, three major tracks(venture start-up, entrepreneurship convergence, and social venture activation) were derived, and major competency and learning goals for each track were presented. On the other hand, in order for this study to be more effectively accepted, it is necessary to present the objectives of each track, the capabilities pursued, and the courses that help students' progress. Therefore, in the future research, it is necessary to design and present the goals for each track, the curriculum road map, and the detailed curriculum of the convergence major, and at the same time, research to match the appropriate teaching method for each newly opened subject will be required to increase educational effectiveness.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.3_spc
• /
• pp.417-426
• /
• 2021

Objective: Effects of inulin supplementation in diet of Haidong chicks under hypoxic conditions on production performance, intestinal morphologic change, microflora contents and the incidence of ascites were studied. Methods: Commercial male chicks (360) were randomly divided into 6 groups and were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg of inulin, respectively. Results: The body weight gain and feed intake were improved in chicks fed the diets supplemented with 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg of inulin, from d 1 to d 42 (p<0.05); moreover, blood parameters were positively affected when inulin was included in the diets and the thickness of the intestinal wall and muscle tissue in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tended to increase (p<0.05), and the villi height and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p<0.05). Regarding the number of goblet cells in duodenum, jejunum and ileum tended to increase when chicks were fed the diets supplemented with 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, and 0.15 g/kg (p<0.05) of inulin. When chicks were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 or 0.1 g/kg of inulin, a significant reduction of Escherichia coli counts in the cecum was observed; for a contrary, a significant increment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was observed in cecum and ileum. Finally, supplementing the feed with inulin determined an overall reduction of ascites incidences in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Thus, the results observed in the present study clearly suggest that the diet supplementation with a quantity of inulin ranging between 0.1 and 0.125 g/kg, can improve growth performances, intestinal morphology, internal microbial balance and ascites incidence, in broiler chicks raised at high altitude area. Even though these findings may be of interest for the poultry industry, they may particularly be relevant in those areas characterized by high altitude such as Northwest China regions.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2018

Currently, apartments have become an important research subject for the overall area of politics, economics, and culture as well as urban architectural study. However, there are few analyses of the research trends related to the current interest in the apartment research and prediction of the future changes of an apartment in politics and industry. In this study, the research information related to the apartment has classified, and the changes in the research trends have analyzed. Based on the classified data, the first thesis and dissertation related to the apartment and changes of academic notation have discovered. In addition, future interests and future research directions through Frequency of Appearance, Degree Centrality Analysis, and Betweenness Centrality Analysis of author keywords were predicted. As a result of the analysis, 'Space,' 'Residential Mobility' and 'Apartment Complex' studies were found to be important research topics throughout the entire period. 'Han Gang Apartment,' 'Small Size Apartment,' 'Civic Apartments,' 'Jamsil,' and 'Child' were newly interested topics until 70's era. '(Super) High-rise Apartment,' 'Perception,' 'Jugong Apartment,' 'Housing Environment,' 'Housewife,' 'Apartment Layout,' and 'Busan' were newly interested topics during the 80's and 90's era. 'Apartment Price,' 'Energy,' 'Remodeling,' 'Noise,' 'Resident Satisfaction,' 'Community,' and 'Apartment Lotting-out' were newly interested topics after the year 2000. New concerns for last decade are found to be 'Super High-rise Apartment', 'Remodeling', 'Indoor'(2007), 'Apartment Reconstruction Project', 'Brand', 'AHP', 'Housing Environment'(2008), 'Ventilation'(2009), 'Apartment Lotting-out'(2010), 'Economic Assessment'(2011), 'Cost'(2012), 'Green Building', 'Apartment Sales', 'Law', 'Society'(2013), 'Floor Impact Noise', 'Seoul'(2014), 'Noise'(2015), 'Hedonic Model'(2016). In addition, following research topics are expected to be active in the future: In maturity stage of the research development is going to be 'Apartment Price', 'Space', 'Management of Apartment Housing'; the hedonic model, which is research growth and development stage, is going to be '(Floor Impact) Noise', 'Community', 'Energy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.488-493
• /
• 2020

In this study, we sought to establish a vessel-discharge pollutant-treatment system recommended by IMO by first investigating advanced facilities overseas to help us understand and evaluate our domestic facility and needs. IMO recommends the installation and operation of port pollutant-storage facilities to adequately treat pollutants emitted by ships entering the port, and we reviewed the registration and operation of these facilities in IMO member countries, focusing on the IIII Code. Due to recent environmental regulations, additional facilities are required to treat the washing water discharged from equipment such as scrubbers mounted on the ship so pollutant-storage facilities must be established. Currently, Korea's ship-discharged wastes are being moved from ports to land waste-treatment plants, and their quantity and properties are not being monitored. Therefore, in this study, we improved monitoring of the discharged pollutants and investigated the proper arrangement of pollutant storage facilities as recommended by IMO. The system we established can help provide smooth service to incoming ships - and appropriate treatment of pollutants and will greatly benefit international maritime operations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.100 no.1
• /
• pp.88-94
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to provide on a basic information for maintenance of roadside trees and identify the links between environmental pollution and tree damages (Ginkgo biloba, Platanus occidentalis) in Daejeon City by analyzing photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents by the regions and plants. The investigations were conducted at Chungnam national university(CNU) considered as the least air-polluted area compared to other study sites, Daedeok science town(DS) which a new road with little traffic recently was built around, Daehwa industry complex(DIC) and Daejeon station(DS) which an old road with heavy is located around. The photosynthetic capacity of the two species were highest in CNU and lowest in the DS. However the water use efficiency was highest on the contrary to the photosynthetic capacity in DS. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents were highest in CNU and lowest in DS as the photosynthetic capacity. On all of the test, Ginkgo biloba shows the more favorable physiological responses than Platanus occidentalis.