• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1294-1301
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• 2010

In this study, a case study, where a hazard management for tunnel collapses has been quantitatively undertaken based on the KICT Tunnel Hazard(KTH) index, is presented. From this, it was able to timely inform the field engineers when the more detailed investigation is required for checking if any risky factor is shown on the tunnel face. At the same time, variable additional information such as sensitivities of major influence factors are also provided to field engineers from the methodology given in this study. The additional information would be helpful for better understanding of tunnel hazard level at the current tunnelling stage and following the required actions for more detailed checks of risky factors.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2015

The tap water is generally known to be corrosive in the pH range at 6.5 ~ 7.5. And the degree of corrosion varies depending on the types of raw water such as river surface water or lake water of the dam. Although several corrosion index represents the corrosivity of tap water, the typical corrosion indexes such as Langelier saturation index (LI) and calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) were calculated to monitoring the corrosive water quality about raw and tap water in water distribution system. To control the corrosive water quality, the correlation between corrosion index and water quality factors were examined. In this study, corrosion index (LI, CCPP) and the pH was found to be most highly correlated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.337-362
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• 2015

This paper presents a feasibility study on structural damage alarming and localization of long-span cable-supported bridges using multi-novelty indices formulated by monitoring-derived modal parameters. The proposed method which requires neither structural model nor damage model is applicable to structures of arbitrary complexity. With the intention to enhance the tolerance to measurement noise/uncertainty and the sensitivity to structural damage, an improved novelty index is formulated in terms of auto-associative neural networks (ANNs) where the output vector is designated to differ from the input vector while the training of the ANNs needs only the measured modal properties of the intact structure under in-service conditions. After validating the enhanced capability of the improved novelty index for structural damage alarming over the commonly configured novelty index, the performance of the improved novelty index for damage occurrence detection of large-scale bridges is examined through numerical simulation studies of the suspension Tsing Ma Bridge (TMB) and the cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge (TKB) incurred with different types of structural damage. Then the improved novelty index is extended to formulate multi-novelty indices in terms of the measured modal frequencies and incomplete modeshape components for damage region identification. The capability of the formulated multi-novelty indices for damage region identification is also examined through numerical simulations of the TMB and TKB.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1653-1660
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• 2016

Drought is a reoccurring worldwide natural hazard that affects not only food production but also economics, health, and infrastructure. Drought monitoring is usually performed with precipitation-based indices without consideration of the actual state and amount of the land surface properties. A drought index based on the actual evapotranspiration can overcome these shortcomings. The severity of a drought can be quantified by making a spatial map. The procedure for estimating actual evapotranspiration is costly and complicated, and requires land surface information. The possibility of utilizing drone-driven remotely sensed data for actual evapotranspiration estimation was analyzed in this study. A drone collected data was used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The spatial resolution was 10 m with a grid of $404{\times}395$. The collected data were applied and parameterized to an actual evapotranspiration estimation. The result shows that drone-based data is useful for estimating actual evapotranspiration and the corresponding drought indices.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.863-872
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• 2019

Using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), this study analyzed the drought characteristics of ten weather stations in Gyeongbuk, South Korea, that precipitation data over a period of 30 years. For the number of months that had a SPI of -1.0 or less, the drought occurrence index was calculated and a maximum shortage months, resilience and vulnerability in each weather station were analyzed. According to the analysis, in terms of vulnerability, the weather stations with acute short-term drought were Andong, Bonghwa, Moongyeong, and Gumi. The weather stations with acute medium-term drought were Daegu and Uljin. Finally the weather stations with acute long-term drought were Pohang, Youngdeok, and Youngju. In terms of severe drought frequency, the stations with relatively high frequency of mid-term droughts were Andong, Bonghwa, Daegu, Uiseong, Uljin, and Youngju. Gumi station had high frequency of short-term droughts. Pohang station had severe short-term ad long-term droughts. Youngdeok had severe droughts during all the terms. Based on the analysis results, it is inferred that the size of the drought should be evaluated depending on how serious vulnerability, resilience, and drought index are. Through proper evaluation of drought, it is possible to take systematic measures for the duration of the drought.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Cables are critical components of cable-stayed bridges. A structural health monitoring system provides real-time cable tension recording for cable health monitoring. However, the measurement data involve multiple sources of variability, i.e., varying environmental and operational factors, which increase the complexity of cable condition monitoring. In this study, a one-class classification method is developed for cable condition assessment using Bayesian factor analysis (FA). The single-peaked vehicle-induced cable tension is assumed to be relevant to vehicle positions and weights. The Bayesian FA is adopted to establish the correlation model between cable tensions and vehicles. Vehicle weights are assumed to be latent variables and the influences of different transverse positions are quantified by coefficient parameters. The Bayesian theorem is employed to estimate the parameters and variables automatically, and the damage index is defined on the basis of the well-trained model. The proposed method is applied to one cable-stayed bridge for cable damage detection. Significant deviations of the damage indices of Cable SJS11 were observed, indicating a damaged condition in 2011. This study develops a novel method to evaluate the health condition of individual cable using the FA in the Bayesian framework. Only vehicle-induced cable tensions are used and there is no need to monitor the vehicles. The entire process, including the data pre-processing, model training and damage index calculation of one cable, takes only 35 s, which is highly efficient.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.715-718
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• 2013

Density of catalytic organisms can determine the biodegradation capacity and specific biodegradation rate (SBR). A new index, biodegradation capacity utilization (BCU, %), was developed for estimating the extent of actual biodegradation of a gas compound over the full capacity. Three methanotrophic cultures were serially diluted (1-1/25), and methane SBR and BCU were measured. Consistently, biomass reduction increased the SBR and decreased the BCU. Linearity (p < 0.05, r > 0.97) between the BCU and cell density indicated the reflection of biodegradation capacity by BCU. Therefore, BCU is indicative of whether the density of catalytic organisms is pertinent for SBR evaluation of low-soluble gaseous compounds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-3
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• 1998

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.442-456
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• 2016

생물다양성협약 사무국(SCBD)은 도시생물다양성지수(CBI)를 지방자치단체에서 도시생물다양성을 평가할 수 있는 도구로 권장하고 있으며, 생물다양성 보전을 위해 해외 여러 도시에 시범적용하고 있다. 본 연구는 생태적 측면에서 도시의 객관적 평가를 위해 도시생물다양성지수를 중심으로 국내 도시 특성을 고려, 도시단위로 구축된 자료를 활용하여 현재의 자료구축 상황에 적합한 지표를 도출하고 시범 적용하였다. 도시의 생태적 건전성 평가지표(CESI)를 생물다양성, 생태계서비스, 행정 및 관리의 3개 영역 12개 지표로 구성하고, 그 계산방식을 제시하였다. 그리고 추후 모든 도시에 적용될 시 용이한 도시간 비교평가가 이루어 질 수 있도록 지목을 활용해 85개 도시의 유형을 분류하고, 도시생태현황지도의 활용이 용이한 18개 도시에 시범적으로 적용해 보았다. 도시의 생태적 건전성 평가지표는 생물다양성과 관련된 데이터를 체계적으로 수집 관리하고, 생물다양성을 증진하는 데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 합성개구레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) 기반의 식생을 고려하는 후방산란모델 Water Cloud Model (WCM)을 활용한 토양수분 산정 연구를 수행하였다. 금강 상류의 용담댐유역을 포함한 40 × 50 km² 영역의 Sentinel-1 SAR 및 Sentinel-2 MSI (Multi-Spectral Instrument) 영상을 수집하여 연구에 활용하였다. WCM의 식생변수로는 Sentinel-1 기반의 식생지수 RVI (Radar Vegetation Index), 탈분극비(Depolarization Rario, DR)와 Sentinel-2 기반의 NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 활용하였다. WCM의 정모델링(forward modeling)은 토양수분과 후방산란계수의 특성이 유사한 3개 Group으로 나누어 수행하였다. 토양수분과 후방산란계수의 선형적인 관계가 명확할수록 Group의 모의 성능이 더 높게 나타났으며, 식생지수 별로는 NDVI, RVI, DR 순으로 정확도가 높았다. 토양수분을 모의하기 위해 모의된 후방산란계수를 반전(inversion)하였으며, 모의 성능은 정모델링 결과와 비례하였다. WCM 모의의 오류는 실측 후방산란계수 기준 약 -12dB를 기점으로 증가하는 양상을 보였다.