• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-71
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• 2004

Demand-side Management can be defined as'any utility activity aimed at modifying customers' use of energy to produce desired changes in the utility's load shape'. Customers benefit by being able to control energy costs and improve quality of life and become more productive. Utilities benefit from DSM's value as a resource that enhances asset utilization and reduces both fuel costs and environmental emissions. The scope of DSM includes load management through rate schedules and conservation by improving energy effciency and using electricity consumption effectively. This paper study the DSM resource evaluation and customer behavior analysis todesign the DSM Program plan in response to customer needs. We develop basic system dynamics model to analysis the customer behavior based on a survey research. The DSM Program participants in the Hi- efficiency Inverter, Electric motor and efficient lighting applicancies operating by Conservation program 2002 become the survey objects. DSM resource evaluation evaluate firstt the distribution potentialities of each machine and then forecast the degree of diffusion. We apply the system dynamic approach to simulate the dynamic DSM market situation at the domestic beginning. This model will give the energy Planner the opportunity to create different scenarios for DSM program planning. Also it will lead to increased understanding of the dynamic DSM market

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2022

Photorhabdus is a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis in the family Heterorhabditidae. Photorhabdus is known to have nematicidal activity in addition to insecticidal activity. P. temperata isolated from Korean indigenous H. megidis Gwangju strain also produced high control efficacy against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. P. temperata has drawn interest as a potential bionematicide for the control of root-knot nematodes thereby. For the registration as an organic agricultural material, the toxicity of P. temperata was assessed by the acute toxicity test in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and acute oral and dermal toxicity tests in Sprague-Dawley rat (Rattus norvegicus) in compliance with the guidelines of the Rural Development Administration (RDA). In the acute toxicity test in fish, neither lethality nor abnormal responses of carp were observed. Body length and weight of carp and changes in DO concentrations and pH values were not significantly different between the treated group and the untreated control. In the acute oral and dermal toxicity tests, clinical signs, abnormal behavior, mortality, and pathological findings were not observed in all the experimental rats. The weight increment of all rats was normal. Acute toxicity results of P. temperata in fish and rats belonged to categories III, IV, and IV of RDA, respectively. Toxicity results of the present study indicated that P. temperata could be a safe and promising bionematicide against root-knot nematodes and root lesion nematode.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2017

Variable Curvature Friction Pendulum (VCFP) bearing is one of the alternatives to control excessive induced responses of isolated structures subjected to near-fault ground motions. The curvature of sliding surface in this isolator is varying with displacement and its function is non-spherical. Selecting the most appropriate function for the sliding surface depends on the design objectives and ground motion characteristics. To date, few polynomial functions have been experimentally tested for VCFP however it needs comprehensive parametric study to find out which one provides the most effective behavior. Herein, seismic performance of the isolated structure mounted on VCFP is investigated with two different polynomial functions of the sliding surface (Order 4 and 6). By variation of the constants in these functions through changing design parameters, 120 cases of isolators are evaluated and the most proper function is explored to minimize floor acceleration and/or isolator displacement under different hazard levels. Beside representing the desire sliding surface with adaptive behavior, it was shown that the polynomial function with order 6 has least possible floor acceleration under seven near-field ground motions in different levels.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2000

After their first appearance on Earth, bacteria have exerted significant influence on geochemical behavior of elements. Numerous evidence of their control on geochemistry through geologic history has been observed in a variety of natural environments. They have mediated weathering rate, formation of secondary minerals, redox transformation of metals and metalloids, and thus global cycling of elements. Such ability of bacteria receives so considerable attention from microbiologists, mineralogists, geologists, soil scientists, limnologists, oceanographers, and atmospheric scientists as well as geochemists that a new and interdisciplinary field of research called 'geomicrobiology' is currently expanding. Some recent subjects of geomicrobiology which are studied extensively are as follows: 1) Functional groups distributed on bacterial cell walls adsorb dissolved cations onto cell surfaces by electrostatic surface complexation, which is followed by hydrous mineral formation. 2) Dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria conserve energy to support growth by oxidation of organic matter coupled to reduction of some oxidized metals and/or metalloids. They can be effectively used in remediating environments contaminated with U, As, Se, and Cr. 3) Bacteria increase the rate of mineral dissolution by excreting proton and ligands such as organic acids into aqueous system. 4) Thorough investigation on the effects of biofilm on geochemical processes is needed, because most bacteria are adsorbed on solid substrates and form biofilms in natural settings.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

Health could be maintained and promoted by pursuing an active healthy lifestyle. Life-style include health habits and behavior pattern such as exercise, diatry change, weight control, stress management et al. The objectives of this studies are (1) to analyze recognition and practice of lifestyle between nurses and non-nurses, (2) to analyze health status of clients which presented healthy lifestyle, (3) to analyze factors that affected healthy lifestyle. The lifestyle assessment questionnaire is divided into ten sections: competence in selfcare, nutritional practices, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress management, self-actualization, sense of purpose, relation with others, environmental control, and use of health care system. The major results are as follows : (1) The level of recognition and practice of lifestyle was not high. Nurses showed more higher score than non nurses in lifestyle area such as competence in selfcare, stress management, environmental control, and use of health care system. (2) Good health status and lifestyle presented positive relation. (3) In mutiple classifiction analysis, competence in selfcare, nutritional practices, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress management, environmental control, and use of health care system had significant relation to independent variables. (4) Change of concept for healthy lifestyle after this survey was higher in nurses group and the most concern area was stress management. To sum up, lifestyle pattern of nurses as health professional was not desirably high. Therefore nurses ownself should effort to practice healthy lifestyle prior to others, and then educate importance of lifestyle for health promotion and disease prevention. In conclusion, it will be useful to consider significant lifestyle factors that was be identified in this study to develop health promotion program.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

This study examined the educational effects of journal writing on environmental literacy of elementary students. Thirty-one 3rd grade students were involved in the journal writing which is considered as one of the most frequently performed writing activities in elementary students. Topics for the journal writing were chosen from a textbook on the environment. Before and after the journal writing, an instrument was used to measure the environmental literacy of the students. The environmental literacy instrument was originally developed by Jin (2004) then were modified by Kim (2005) for elementary students. The results of this study are as follows. The environmental literacy of the students, on average, was improved from 140.84 (74.5%) to 161.84 (85.6%) after the journal writing and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.46, p<.001). The environmental literacy scores were significantly improved in every variable after the journal writing: ecological knowledge(t=3.60, p<.01), environmental sensitivity(t=2.54, p<.05), knowledge of environmental issues(t=3.11, p<.01), environmental attitude(t=5.92, p<.001), environmental concern(t=5.27, p<.001), sense of environmental crisis(t=2.97, p<.01), environmental issue investigation and action strategy knowledge (t=2.34, p<.05), environmental skill(t=4.86, p<.001), locus of control(t=5.63, p<.001), and responsible environmental behavior(t=4.64, p<.001). This study also shows that improvement of the students was statistically significant in each of the four levels of goals in environmental education: EE goal level I (t=4.22, p<.001), level II (t=7.53, p<.001), level III(t=5.01, p<.001), and level IV(t=5.46, p<.001). The results imply that the journal writing on the environment is effective in cultivating elementary students' environmental literacy and in achieving goals in environmental education.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.289-303
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• 1992

Investigation of the environmental impact of widespread pesticide use has revealed a virtue/vice relationship. Although many pesticides perform their function and disappear without harm to the environment, others persist beyond their useful purpose and cause direct of indirect hazard to man, domestic animals and wildlife. Concurrently, many pests have rapidly adjusted to chemical control practices through changes in behavior that avoid exposure to pesticides of throuth genetic selection for populations resistant to the toxicants. The prospect of losing control over insect herbivores and desease vectors and returning to the days of global hunger and disease is unthinkable. Fortunately, from basic studies of insect and plant biology many opportunities for the development of safe, selective and environmentally pacific strategies for insect pest management are being realized.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2003

Slipping during various kinds of movement often leads to potentially dangerous incidents of falling. The purpose of this paper was to review some of the research performed in the field including such topics as rating scales for balance, kinematics and kinetics of slipping, adaptation to slippery conditions, postural and balance control, and protective movement during falling. Controlling slipping and fall injuries requires a multifaceted approach. Environmental conditions (state of floor surface, tidiness, lighting, etc), work task (walking, carrying, pushing, lifting, etc), and human behavior (anticipation of hazards, adaptation to risks, risk taking, etc) must be accounted for in the assessment of slip and fall-related risks. Future directions of research must deal with modeling of basic tribophysical, biomechanical, and postural control process involved in slipping and falling.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2018년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.370-371
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• 2018

Recently, interest in renewable energy is increasing due to energy depletion and environmental problems. Among them, solar energy is the most popular feature for its infinite, eco-friendly, easy to maintain and high utilization. In these solar power systems, solar cells have either a current-voltage characteristic curve or a power-voltage characteristic curve with non-linear properties. Therefore, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is important to control this. In this thesis, we will discuss MPPT techniques using a boost converter and demonstrate their behavior using the PSIM program. Also, the MPPT control algorithm for solar energy generation will be proposed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2023

The goal of this work is to create a new and improved GWO (Grey Wolf Optimizer), the so-called Robot GWO (RGWO), for dynamic and static target tracking involving multiple robots in unknown environmental conditions. From applying ourselves with the Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO) and how it works, as the name suggests, it is a nature-inspired metaheuristic based on the behavior of wolf packs. Like other nature-inspired metaheuristics such as genetic algorithms and firefly algorithms, we explore the search space to find the optimal solution. The results also show that the improved optimal control method can provide superior power characteristics even when operating conditions and design parameters are changed.