• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Environmental Stress Cracking(ESC) is one of the most common causes of unexpected brittle failure of thermoplastic polymers. The exposure of polymers to liquid chemicals tends to accelerate the crazing process, initiating crazes at stresses that are much lower than the stress causing crazing in air. In this study, ESC of acrylonitirile butadiene styrene(ABS) was investigated as a function of the molding conditions such as injection velocity, packing pressure, and melt temperature. A constant strain was applied to the injection molded specimens through a 1.26% strain jig and a mixture of toluene and isopropyl alcohol was used as the liquid chemical. In order to examine the effects of the molding conditions on ESC, an experimental design method was adopted and it was found that the injection velocity was the dominant factor. In addition, predictions from numerical analyses were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the residual stress in the injection molded part was associated with the environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR).

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2013

The study of environmental stress cracking (ESC) by contact with plastic rulers and PVC erasers which was artificially added to the external stress was carried out in order to accelerate the chemicals crack. To analyze a blooming plasticizer that migrates from the inside of blended eraser to the surface of the eraser, the ESC experiments were carried out at room temperature and $50^{\circ}C$ conditions. The chemicals crack shape caused by the plasticizer and the brittle fracture shape resulted from the external stress were observed in consequence with the cross-sectional surface analysis of the ruler crack by the ESC. The bending strength of the plastic rulers were fractured prior to the yield point and it had low bending flexure stress. We presented that ESC of polymer materials was affected by the polarity of the chemicals and polymer, the exposure time to chemicals, the exposure temperature and the level of strain on the polymer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권6호
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• pp.723-736
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• 2020

In this paper, acoustic emission (AE) and pattern recognition are utilized to identify the AE signal signatures caused by propagation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a 304 stainless steel plate. The surface of the plate is under almost uniform tensile stress at a notch. A corrosive environment is provided by exposing the notch to a solution of 1% Potassium Tetrathionate by weight. The Global b-value indicated an occurrence of the first visible crack and damage stages during the SCC. Furthermore, a method based on linear regression has been developed for damage identification using AE data.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2008

Recently an electrochemical noise method (ENM) with three electrodes has gained attention as a corrosion monitoring system in chemical plants. So far a few studies have been carried out for localized corrosion and environmental cracking of chemical plant materials. In this paper the ENM system is briefly summarized. Then an application of ENM to general corrosion for chemical plant materials is described. The emphasis is focused upon the analysis of stress on the corrosion cracking process of austenitic stainless steel in 30% $MgCl_2$ aqueous solution and the corrosion fatigue crack initiation process of 12 Cr stainless steel in 3% NaCl aqueous solution by ENM. Finally future problems for ENM to monitor regarding corrosion and environmental cracking in chemical plants are discussed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권6D호
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• pp.819-829
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• 2008

콘크리트 포장에 반복적으로 재하되는 차량의 하중에 의하여 슬래브의 동적강도는 꾸준히 감소하며 장기적으로 피로균열이 발생한다. 온도와 수분의 분포에 의하여 슬래브 내에는 항상 응력이 도입되어 있으므로 이를 고려한 후 차량하중의 영향을 추가해야만 보다 정확하게 콘크리트 포장의 피로수명을 예측할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 기존에 개발된 대표적 피로모형들의 각종 인자들을 평가하고 모형으로부터 데이터를 추출하여 환경하중을 고려하는 새로운 피로모형을 개발하였다. 국내 각 지역의 기상 및 교통조건을 사용하여 국내에서 일반적으로 시공되는 콘크리트 포장에 대한 피로해석을 수행하여 개발된 피로모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 슬래브 하부에서 발생한 상향의 균열보다는 슬래브 상부의 인장응력에 의한 하향의 균열이 피로파손의 주요한 원인으로 판단되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 한 후속 연구를 통하여 차량의 속도가 고려된 피로해석도 수행될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2008

Magnesium alloys become popular research topic in last decade due to its light weight and relatively high strength-to-weight ratio in the energy aspiration age. Almost all structure materials are supposed to suspend stress. Magnesium is quite sensitive to corrosive environment, and also sensitive to environmental assisted cracking. However, so far we have the limited knowledge about the environmental sensitive cracking of magnesium alloys. The corrosion fatigue (CF) test was conducted. Many factors' effects, like grain size, texture, heat treatment, loading frequency, stress ratio, strain rate, chemical composition of environment, pH value, relative humidity were investigated. The results showed that all these factors had obvious influence on the crack initiation and propagation. Especially the dependence of CF life on pH value and frequency is quite different to the other traditional structural metallic materials. In order to interpret the results, the electrochemistry tests by polarization dynamic curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were conducted with and without stress. The corrosion of magnesium alloys was also studied by in-situ observation in environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The corrosion rate changed with the wetting time during the initial corrosion process. The pre-charging of hydrogen caused crack initiated at $\beta$ phase, and with the increase of wetting time the crack propagated, implying that hydrogen produced by corrosion reaction participated in the process.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 1987

Corrosion fatigue cracking of the austenitic stainless steel(bese metal & heat affected zone by TIG weld) was studied experimentally under the environments of various specific resistance and air. The characteristics of corrosion fatigue crack growth rate and the environmental constants of paris' rule were investigated for SUS 304 weldments in the various specific resistance. The influences of stress intensity factor range and corrosion on the crack growth rate were compared. The characteristics of corrosion fatigue cracking for the weldments were inspected from mechanical, electrochemical and microstructural point of view. Main results obtained are as follows: 1) As the specific resistance decreases, the environmental constant C of paris'rule increases(hence the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate is rapid), but the environmental constant m decreases, so the effect of corrosion to the crack growth rate is more susceptible than thet of stress intensity factor range. 2) As the stress intensity factor range decreases, the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of heat affected zone is more susceptible than that of the base metal. 3) The corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of the heat affected zone is more rapid than that of the base metal, because of the phenomenon of softening and the less noble potential coused by wedlding heat cycle. 4) The corrosion fatigue cracking of SUS 304 weldment appears transgranular fracture.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2010

인장 균열은 콘크리트의 가장 취약한 특성으로 수화열 및 건조수축 등으로 인해 초기재령에서 발생되는 경우가 많다. 초기의 균열을 정확히 예측하기 위해서는 응력-균열 개구 관계가 시간에 따라 어떻게 변화하는 지를 파악해야 한다. 이 연구에서는 기존에 수행되었던 쐐기형 쪼갬 실험결과에 대한 역해석을 수행하였으며, 측정된 하중-균열 개구 변위를 최적으로 모사하는 응력-균열 개구 관계에 대한 쌍선형 연화곡선을 구하였다. 파괴에너지의 시간에 따른 변화에 관한 분석이 이루어졌으며, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 초기재령에서의 응력-균열 개구 관계에 대한 모델을 제안하였다. 최대 하중, 최대 하중에서의 균열 개구 변위, 파괴에너지에 대하여 실험 측정값, 역해석 결과, 모델로부터 계산된 결과들을 비교해 보았으며, 이를 통해 제안된 모델을 검증하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2003

Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) were carried out to investigate the effect of environmental factors on the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 3.5NiCrMoV steels used in discs for Low-Pressure (LP) steam turbines in electric power generating plants. The influences of dissolved oxygen on the stress corrosion cracking of turbine steel were studied, For this purpose, specimens were strained at variously oxygenated conditions at $150^{\circ}C$ in pure water. When the specimen was strained with $1{\times}10^{-7}s^{-1}$ at $150^{\circ}C$ in pure water, increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased the elongation and the UTS. The corrosion potential and the corrosion rare increased as the amounts of dissolved oxygen increased. The increase of the SCC susceptibility of the turbine steel in a highly dissolved oxygen environment is due to the non protectiveness of the oxide layer on the turbine steel surface and the increase of the corrosion current. These results clearly indicate that oxygen concentration increases Stress Corrosion Cracking susceptibility in turbine steel at $150^{\circ}C$.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.709-737
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• 2014

Fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) is a high-performance building material that combines positive aspects of fresh properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with improved characteristics of hardened concrete as a result of fibre addition. To produce SCC, either the constituent materials or the corresponding mix proportions may notably differ from the conventional concrete (CC). These modifications besides enhance the concrete fresh properties affect the hardened properties of the concrete. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all the assumed hypotheses about CC are also valid for SCC structures. In the present paper, the experimental results of short-term flexural load tests on eight reinforced SCC and FRSCC specimens slabs are presented. For this purpose, four SCC mixes - two plain SCC, two steel, two polypropylene, and two hybrid FRSCC slab specimens - are considered in the test program. The tests are conducted to study the development of SCC and FRSCC flexural cracking under increasing short-term loads from first cracking through to flexural failure. The achieved experimental results give the SCC and FRSCC slabs bond shear stresses for short-term crack width calculation. Therefore, the adopted bond shear stress for each mix slab is presented in this study. Crack width, crack patterns, deflections at mid-span, steel strains and concrete surface strains at the steel levels were recorded at each load increment in the post-cracking range.