• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

Since 1960's along with industrialization and urbanization, economic growth has been . achieved, however, at the same time, environmental condition has been seriously deteriorated. . Currently, volume of wastewater has been increasing at annual rate of 7% in sewage and 20% in industrial wastewater. However, the nation's sewage treatment serves only 33% of the municipal wastewater as of 1991. Major portion of air pollutants comes from combustion of oil and coal which comprise 81% of total energy use and emission gases from motor vehicles increasing at an accelerated rate. It is known that Korea generates the highest amount of waste per capta. Nevertheless, it is not sufficient to reduce the volume of waste by means of resources recovery and recycling. Recognizing the importance of global environmental problems such as ozone layer depletion, global warming and acid rain, international society has been making various efforts since the 1972 Stockholm conference. In particular, it is expected that the Rio conference which has adopted the Rio declaration and Agenda 21 will form a crucial turning point of the emerging new world order after the Cold War confrontation. To cope with such issues as domestic pollution and global environmental problems, the fundamental national policy aims at harmonizing "environmental protection and sustainable development". The Ministry of Environment has recently set up a mid-term comprehensive plan which includes annual targets for environmental protection. According to the government plan, gradual improvement of various environmental conditions and specific measures to achieve them is planned in time frame. Additional sewage treatment plants will be constructed in urban areas with the target to treat 65% of the nation's municipal sewage by 1996. Supply of clean fuels such as LNG will also be expanded starting from large cities as a cleaner substitute energy for coal and oil. In parallel with expansion of LNG, emphasis will be placed on installation of stack monitoring system. Due to the relatively limited land, government's basic policy for solid waste treatment is to develop large scale landfill facilities rather than small sized ones. Thirty three regional areas have been designated for the purpose of waste management. For each of these regions, big scale landfill site is going to be developed. To increase the rate of waste recycling the government is planning to reinforce separate collection system and to provide industries with economic incentives. As a part of meeting the changing situation on global environmental problems after UNCED, and accommodation regulatory measures stipulated in the global environmental conventions and protocols, national policy will try to alter industrial and economic structure so as to mitigate the increasing trends of energy consumption, by encouraging energy conservation and efficiency. In this regard, more attention will be given to the policy on the development of the cleaner technology. Ultimately, these policies and programs will contribute greatly to improving the current state of national public health.

• 지역연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.89-104
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• 1994

Recently, environmental issues have remained high on the agendas of public discussion and economic research. In the case of Korea, democratic movement in the late 80's centered people's concerns on the environmental dispute according to landfill, correctional institution, crematory, and nuclear powerplant, etc., Moreover, the failure to provide these kinds of facilities in time have caused serious social problems associated with environmental protection and economic development. The purposes of this paper are threefolds. First, they organize foreign and domestic NIMBYS case studies which have been settled in a desirable way. The second concern is to analyze the consciousness of NIMBYS resident by making up a questionnaire. Third, they estimate the market values of urban unwanted facilities by employing CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) procedure. The results of the study have a double implication : that NIMBYS resident are reluctant to accept government mechanical compensation based on simple published land values, and that unique concensus to preserve the viability and healthfulness of our environment among three main bodies: residents, people, government is necessary in solving NIMBYS subjects in Korea. In addition, this first implication develops to emphasize the intrduction of releveant measures taken to reconcile NIMBYS disagreement, which are complete openness of government policies, full support of local economic development, and perfect management of pollution protection systems for NIMBYS facilities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.943-953
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• 2023

This study analyzed the ecological characteristics of the wetland protection area at tthe Nakdong River through vegetation and biota surveys, which showed that brackish water meets fresh water, a unique ecological environment has been created, biodiversity is high, and diverse habitats are distributed. Eleven plant communities, including four woody communities and seven grass communities, are distributed along the coast, and a total of 514 species, including 11 endangered wildlife species, were identified in terms of species diversity. Among them, the species diversity of the Eulsuk-do area was found to be relatively higher than that of other Barreir Islands areas. The presence of a population of Sterna albifrons on Sinja-do and a population of Eremias argus on Jinwo-do, an area outside the boundaries of the wetland protection area, confirmed the conservation value of the wetlands and the need to expand the boundaries of the wetland protection area. It is judged that this information can be used as basic information for a systematic conservation and management plan for the wetland protection area at the Nakdong River Estuary and as basic data to support the establishment of a policy.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.28-57
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• 2003

Germany as a densely populated and heavily industrialised country has a long and broad experience in handling contaminated sites. With this presentation we want to describe some main aspects of the soil protection policies and the remediation of contaminated sites in Germany. Due to the history of working on contaminated sites in Germany the Federal Soil Protection Act came into force in 1998. A lot of programmes and network in Germany and in Europe, funded by the State or the European Union, helped developing new measures and techniques for remediation and also for implementing regulations for the involved authorities. Questions like 'who is responsible？' and 'who has to pay for measurements and the remediation？' became more and more important. In the near future there will be an official European Soil Protection Policy (is expected in June 2004). Besides the contaminated sites also other soil protection policies as 'Reducing the land consumption' are pursued and an indicator is developed.and an indicator is developed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2001

We are, now in the 21st century, that environmental preservation and the campaign for bio-diversity protection are very important issues the government must deal with as nation's main policy. To make road and building construction, housing land service, construction of golf fields, and various development works, we have made artificial topographical alterations and as a result, the cut-slop has been increased. However, without the proper study and clear planning, revegetation for the stability of the cut-slop has worked out. These efforts now are causing derangement of an ecosystem and spoiling the nature without considering for ecological adaptation. Therefore, we are going to find out the Revegetation Method to Cut-Slopes considering both the ecological adaptation and harmony with the nature.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2023

For the commercial development of deep-sea mineral resources, the International Seabed Authority is engaged in wide ranging discussions to establish the Regulations on Exploitation. The core issue of the Regulations on Exploitation is how to protect the marine environment along with the royalty system that distributes the profits from such development. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea stipulates the protection of the marine environment in Part 12 (Articles 192-237) for the preservation of the marine environment, and in the 1994 Implementation Agreement, the protection of the marine environment at the stage of application for approval of the plan of work together with the Regulations on Exploration for the protection of the marine environment. For this purpose, certain obligations are imposed on the applicants. In the Regulations on Exploitation, financial systems such as environmental performance guarantee, insurance, and environmental compensation funds, which were not found in the Regulations on Exploration, are added to further specify the measures for marine environment protection generally stipulated in the 1982 Law of the Convention or 1994 Implementation Agreement. Regarding the financial system for marine environment protection, the Marine Environmental Protection and Conservation Informal Working Group meeting is revising the purpose of the environmental compensation fund. Among these financial system elements, it is judged that there is a possibility that the environmental performance guarantee and insurance may overlap considerably, and it is also thought that the establishment of the environmental compensation fund can also provide a substantial sum of money that will meet the purpose of the compensation fund in terms of securing its financial resources. In this paper, the question is posed as to whether or not this can be accomplished. In this respect, this paper examines the environmental performance guarantee, insurance, and environmental compensation fund, which are necessary for the protection of the marine environment of the deep seabed, but which can impose appropriate obligations on contractors for the commercial development of deep seabed mineral resources. At the same time as figuring out how it is operated in relation to relevant domestic laws, I would like to propose a plan to reflect the implications derived from the domestic law operation process in the Regulations on Exploitation.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2011

본 문의 목적은 환경문제에 관한 세계적인 담론과 의사소통이 증대함에 따라 비교정책학자들은 환경문제를 정책영역으로 결합하는 이론들을 발전시켜 나가는 데 상당한 기여를 해 왔다. 두 영역간의 연계에 대하여 기본적 이해와 전제에 대한 구축에 성공해왔다. 비교학자들은 환경문제를 국가를 초월하는 문제로 이해하고 있으나 실제 구축과 연결사례는 소수에 불과하다. 더군다나 이러한 학자들은 심오한 이론적 틀이 없이 단순하고 부분적인 경험적 고찰에 이르고 있다. 그러한 한계는 통합이론과 대규모 비교연구에 있어서는 부족함을 가져왔다. 본 연구는 정책채택에 대한 경험적 조사를 통하여 이러한 문제점에 대한 원인을 제시하고자 한다. 특히 120개국의 나라에 대한 회귀분석을 통하여 정책채택에 여부에 대한 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하고자 하였다. 그 결과 국제적인 환경보호와 관련하여 국제환경기구의 존재여부가 정부의 정책채택의 규모에 영향력을 미치고 있으며 이러한 관심은 한국의 정책선택과정에 시사하는 바가 크다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-122
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• 1994

The landscape plannings were composed of the fundamental provisions which are important factors for the city and local plannings in Germany. The State Government run institute like LOLF in NRW have been established to solve the serious ecological problems. The institute have completed the basic system covering various ecological problems, such as environmental affection analysis and ecological risk, to contribute the application of the various land-using plants. The ecological landscape plannings are regarded as major fundamental plans of environmental preservation for the plannings development. The problems about the local landscape plannings needed to be preserved ecologically are introduced into the Federal Nature Preservation Law and State Congress Law in order to carry out the environmental protection policy effectively. The local landscape plannings are divided into two-step models by the special classification system for the planning. One is build-up of an independent design separated from city plans functionally, and the other is a systematic regulation for cooperation between the local plans and ecological conservation functions. The local plannings including lands to be preserved as the Nature Preservatin Zone is classified a rest area total sectioned plains.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.1-23
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• 1998

Sustainable agriculture in Korea will gain important momentum by implementing The Direct Payment Scheme for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture in 1999. The farmers who want to participate in the program will be paid 530,000won/ha directly by the Government in return for engaging sustainable agriculture. The policy scheme which is a pilot program will be restricted to environmentally regulated areas to apply such as water supply protection zone, environmental protection districts and national parks. As a consequence of the policy, the supply of transitional organic agricultural products is expected to increase significantly. However the increased supply of low input agricultural products may have difficulties to find an appropriate marketing channel which is differentiated from the general agricultural product market. Development of an open market system for mass transaction of the low imput agricultural products is necessary. Also various government programs and projects which are designed for clean environment and regional community development must be integrated into the sustainable agriculture program to have synergy effects.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.127-154
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• 2006

환경이 인간의 건강상태를 결정짓는 중요한 인자라는 인식과 과학적 증거가 국내외적으로 널리 받아들여지고 있다. 이에 정부는 2006년을 환경보건의 원년으로 선포하고 "환경보건 10개년 종합계획"을 수립 발표하는 등 적극적인 대응을 시작하였다. 환경보건정책의 비전과 목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 환경보건 분야 조사 연구기반의 확충, 관련 법령체계의 정비 또는 수립, 기타 조직적 제도적 행정적 지원체계의 확립 등 법적 제도적 행정적 기반의 구축이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 우리나라에서 이제 막 시작된 환경보건정책을 효과적으로 추진하기 위하여 필요한 법제정비의 기본원칙을 제시하고자 하였다. 환경보건 관련 법제 정비의 목적은 기존 오염매체 관리 중심의 법체계를 넘어 환경오염으로부터 국민건강과 생태계 건전성을 보호 유지하는 것이다. 이러한 정책목적을 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 우선 환경보건의 개념을 명확히 정립 제시함으로써 환경보건 영역의 독자성을 확립하여 관련 정책의 효율적 집행이 가능하도록 해야 할 것이다. 또한 환경 관련 질환의 치료 및 지원 등 사후적인 대책보다는 사전주의원칙(precautionary principle)을 바탕으로 한, 환경관련 질환의 원인규명 조사 감시 예방, 위해성평가 등 사전예방체계의 확립이 환경보건 법령체계의 주요 내용이 되어야 한다. 아울러 환경보건 법제는 어린이 등 환경오염 및 유해물질의 노출에 민감하거나 취약한 계층에 대한 우선적 보호 배려, 환경위해 요인에 영향을 받는 인구집단에 대한 적절한 정보제공 및 정책참여 기회의 증진, 각 매체별 환경계획과 시책의 통합, 조정정책의 수립 추진 등을 위한 규범적 도구가 될 수 있도록 정비 또는 수립되어야 할 것이다. 외국의 관련 입법 및 정책 사례, 우리나라의 현행 관련 법령체계에 대한 검토 및 분석, 환경보건정책의 수립 추진을 위한 법적 제도적 요소들을 중심으로 고찰하였다.