• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2019

The determination of Paris' law parameters based on crack growth experiments is an important procedure of fatigue life assessment. However, it is a challenging task because it involves various sources of uncertainty. This paper proposes a novel probabilistic method, termed the S-N Paris law (SNPL) method, to quantify the uncertainties underlying the Paris' law parameters, by finding the best estimates of their statistical parameters from the S-N curve data using a Bayesian approach. Through a series of steps, the SNPL method determines the statistical parameters (e.g., mean and standard deviation) of the Paris' law parameters that will maximize the likelihood of observing the given S-N data. Because the SNPL method is based on a Bayesian approach, the prior statistical parameters can be updated when additional S-N test data are available. Thus, information on the Paris' law parameters can be obtained with greater reliability. The proposed method is tested by applying it to S-N curves of 40H steel and 20G steel, and the corresponding analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental observations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

Chemical Ranking and Scoring (CRS) system is a useful tool to screen priority chemicals of large body of substances. The relative ranking of chemicals based on CRS system has served as a decision-making support tools. Exposure potential and toxicity are significant parameters in CRS system, and there are differences in evaluating those parameters in each CRS system. In this study, the parameters of exposure potential, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity were extensively compared. In addition the scoring methods in each parameter were analyzed. The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), and CRS-Korea. An comparative analysis of the several CRS systems is presented based on their assessment parameters and scoring methods.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2004

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

This paper describes a set of multi-pathway models for estimating health risk to lead. The models link concentrations of an environmental contaminant (lead) in air, water and food to human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dietary routes. Exposure is used as the foundation for predicting risk of health detriment within the population. The process of estimating exposure using often limited data and extrapolating to a large diverse population requires many assumption, inferences, and simplification. This paper is divided into four section. The first section provides lead contaminant levels on obtaining environmental concentration of air, tap water, and foods. The second section provides a discussion of exposure parameters and uncertainty associated predicting human health risk of contaminants. The third and fourth section illustrate lifetime average daily exposure (LADE) and excess cancer risk (ECR) based on exposure parameters. The relationship between concentration of lead in an environmental medium and human exposure is determined with pathway exposure factors (PEFs). The calculation of LADE and ECR is carried out using Monte-Carlo simulation with probability density function of exposure parameters. Examination of the result reveals that, for lead exposure, ingestion (food) is the dominant route of exposure rather than inhalation (air), and ingestion (tap eater).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1996

This project studies marine Vibrio vulnificus in oysters in the marine environment and attempts to correlate this bacteria's presence within various environmental parameters; we design this study to determine how different storage temperatures affect the survival of V. vuinficus in oysters and whether V. vulnificus is able to persist in oysters after exposure to UV light-disinfected seawater. Experimental depuration systems consist of aquaria containing temperature-controlled seawater treated with UV light and 0.2 ㎛ pore size filtration. Results showed that depuration at temperatures higher than 25℃ caused V. vuinificus counts to increase in oysters. Throughout the process, depuration water contained high concentrations of U vuinificus indicating"that the disinfection properties of UV radiation and 0.2 ㎛ pore size filtration were less than 어e release of V. vuinificus into seawater, In contrast, when depuration seawater was maintained at 10℃, the numbers of V. vuinificus were very little and multiplication in oysters was inhibited.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

For the comfortable housing life, comfortable and pleasant urban environment should be created for the people living in house and in city. There are lots of environmental conditions in city affecting house and life. Also most of all the noise pollution have been become major factor that makes people's life uncomfortable. Recently soundscape researches have been performed to create comfortable urban environment and various studies on the evaluation of urban environmental sounds are now undergoing. This study aimed to analyse the subjective characteristics through the subjective evaluation to the sounds measured with physical parameters and eventually to find out alternative evaluation method for urban environmental sounds. Adjectives applied to previous studies were used for the subjective evaluation and sound sources recorded in specific places were presented with picture at the same time. As a result, new physical parameters such as Lmax, Unbiased Annoyance, G, N and EmT have a feasibility to evaluation of urban environment sounds in terms of acoustic comfort.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

The studies on activated carbon prepared from walnut shell and groundnut shell were undertaken to ascertain the effect of initial state of precursor and activation process on the development of porosity in the resulting activated carbon. Walnut shell based carbon shows the presence of cellular pores while Groundnut shell based carbon shows fibrillar pore structure. The adsorption parameters, characterization of product and scanning electron microscopic studies carried out showed the presence of mainly Micro, Meso and Macro porosity in carbon prepared from Walnut shell while mainly micro porosity was observed in Groundnut shell based activated carbon. An interrelationship between the adsorption efficiency and porosity in terms of quality control parameters, for before and after activation, was validated through the scanning electron microscopic data.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 ArcGIS ModelBuilder를 이용하여 효율적으로 수문학적 지형인자를 계산하기 위한 새로운 GIS 모형을 구축하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 경상북도 청도군의 18개 저수지를 대상으로 WMS와 HEC-GeoHMS에 의해 수문학적 지형인자를 계산하고, 새로운 GIS 모형으로부터 산정된 지형인자와 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 개발한 모형의 적용성을 평가한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 수문학적 지형인자는 유역면적, 유로연장, 유역경사, 하상경사 및 유출곡선지수(CN)이다. 본 연구의 결과로서 평균상대오차는 10%를 상회하였으며, 새로운 GIS Model을 이용하여 기존의 방법에 비하여 보다 더 효과적이고 정확하게 수문학적 지형인자를 산정할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권5_3호
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• pp.787-798
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 방법으로 내부표정 요소를 산출하였다. 내부표정 요소를 영상처리 과정에 적용하여 총 5개의 DSM(Digital Surface Models)을 제작한 뒤 정확도를 평가하였다. 내부표정 요소를 DSM 정확도의 독립변수로 활용하기 위해 DSM의 정확도에 영향을 줄 수 있는 비행요소와 외부표정 요소를 단일 고정변수로 설정하였다. 연구결과, campaign 3-2의 RMSE가 0.0305 m로 가장 양호한 결과를 보였다. 따라서 실험실 환경에서 카메라 검정 시스템을 이용하여 내부표정 요소를 확인한 뒤, 최적화를 통해 획득한 수정된 내부표정 요소를 이용해 DSM을 제작하는 것이 가장 정확도가 높은 DSM을 구축하는 방법으로 판단된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.232-235
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the heat stress and semen quality among male workers in a steel industry in Iran and investigate the relationship between heat stress indices and semen parameters. Methods: The study was conducted on workers exposed (n = 30) and unexposed (n = 14) to heat in a steel industry. After obtaining a brief biography of the selected employees, scrotal temperature, oral temperature, and environmental parameters were measured, and their semen samples were analyzed according to the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization. The heat stress indices, including wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and predicted heat strain (PHS), in their workplace were calculated according to environmental parameters (ISO 7243:1989 and 7933:2004, respectively). Results: Time-weighted averages of WBGT and PHS ($35.76^{\circ}C$ and 491.56 $w/m^2{\frac{w}{m^2}}$, respectively) for the exposed group were higher than threshold limit values. The mean difference of environmental, physiological, and semen parameters (exception: pH of semen), and also WBGT and PHS indices were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Mean semen parameters were in the normozoospermic range. WBGT and PHS indices showed significantly "negative" correlation with physiological parameters (scrotal and oral temperature) and most semen parameters (semen volume, sperm morphology, sperm motility, sperm count; p < 0.05); moreover, the correlation of WBGT with these parameters was stronger than PHS. Conclusion: Semen parameters of the studied workers exposed to heat were in the borderline level of normozoospermic range, and their semen parameters were significantly lower than controls. For better assessment of occupational environment concerning physiological and semen parameters in steel industries, WBGT can be a more useful index.