• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Environmental crises caused by climate change and human-induced disturbances have become urgent challenges to the sustainability of human beings. These issues can be addressed based on a data-driven understanding and forecasting of ecosystem responses to environmental changes. In this study, we introduce a long-term ecological monitoring system in Korean Long-Term Ecological Research (KLTER), and a plan for the Korean Ecological Observatory Network (KEON). KLTER has been conducted since 2004 and has yielded valuable scientific results. However, the KLTER approach has limitations in data integration and coordinated observations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a KEON plan focused on multidisciplinary monitoring of the physiochemical, meteorological, and biological components of ecosystems to deepen process-based understanding of ecosystem functions and detect changes. KEON aims to answer nationwide and long-term ecological questions by using a standardized monitoring approach. We are preparing three types of observatories: two supersites depending on the climate-vegetation zones, three local sites depending on the ecosystem types, and two mobile deployment platforms to act on urgent ecological issues. The main observation topics were species diversity, population dynamics, biogeochemistry (carbon, methane, and water cycles), phenology, and remote sensing. We believe that KEON can address environmental challenges and play an important role in ecological observations through partnerships with international observatories.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1691-1703
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• 2015

When constructing tunnels, it is important to understand structural, geological and hydrogeological conditions. Geumgeong tunnel that has been constructed in Mt. Geumjeong for the Gyeongbu express railway induced rapid drawdown of groundwater in the tunnel construction area and surroundings. This study aimed to analyze groundwater flow system and baseflow using long-term monitoring and groundwater flow modeling around Geumgeong tunnel. Field hydraulic tests were carried out in order to estimate hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and storativity in the study area. Following the formula of Turc and groundwater flow modeling, the annual evapotranspiration and recharge rate including baseflow were estimated as 48% and 23% compared to annual precipitation, respectively. According to the transient modeling for 12 years after tunnel excavation, baseflow was estimated as $9,796-9,402m^3/day$ with a decreasing tendency.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.697-705
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• 2014

The exposed population of a vulnerable group to high ozone episodes (exceeding 60 ppb/8h) was estimated in Busan metropolitan city from 2000 to 2010. The frequency of high ozone days at monitoring sites and the number of the population aged over 65 were used to calculate the accumulated (total, seasonal, and yearly) number of the exposed older population (EOP) to high ozone episodes during the study period based on administrative areas, by interpolation and zonal mean methods in ArcGIS software. The older population in this city had increased significantly from 2000 to 2010 (representing over 10% of the total population in 2010). The vulnerable areas (e.g. the eastern area of the city) of the EOP to high ozone episodes were different from the areas with frequent high ozone episodes (e.g., the western area) due to the increase of the older population in particular areas. The difference was more significant in spring than in any other season, and in 2010 than in previous years (2000 and 2005).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2001

연안지역에서 해수의 지하 유동현상을 효과적이고 경제적으로 파악하기 위하여 등위치 송수신루프배열의 시간영역 전자탐사법(Time-domain Electromagnetic :TEM)을 이용한 지구물리모니터링을 적용하였다. TEM 모니터링은 전기 비저항 모니터링과 비교하여 해수유동에 대한 TEM반응의 민감도는 떨어진다. 그러나, 광범위한 조사지역에 대한 담수-해수 전이대의 공간적인 분포를 파악하는데 있어서는 측정시간을 포함한 탐사경비 그리고 현장에서 자료처리 측면에서 볼 때 매우 효율적이다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

The rapid water pollution in stream, river, lake and sea in recent years raises an urgent need for continuous monitoring and policymaking to conserve the global clean environment. In particular, the increasing water pollution in coastal marine areas adds to the importance of the environmental monitoring systems. In this paper, the mobile server is designed to gathers information of the water quality at coastal areas. The obtained data by the server is transmitted from field servers to the base station via multi-hop communication in wireless sensor network. The information collected includes dissolved oxygen(DO), hydrogen ion exponent(pH), temperature, etc. By the information provided the real-time monitoring of water quality at the coastal marine area. In addition, wireless sensor network-based flooding routing protocol was designed and used to transfer the measured water quality information efficiently. Telosb sensor node is programmed using nesC language in TinyOS platform for small scale wireless sensor network monitoring from a remote server.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

It is very difficult to apply stream flow data directly to the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads because there are some differences between the unit watershed and the stream flow monitoring network in their characteristics such as monitoring locations and its intervals. Flow duration curve can be developed by linking the daily flow data of stream monitoring network to 8 day interval flow data of the unit watershed. This study investigated the current operating conditions of the stream flow monitoring network and the flow relationships between the unit watershed and the stream flow monitoring network. Criteria such as missing and zero value data, and correlation coefficients were applied to select the stream flow reference sites. The reference sites were selected in 112 areas out of 142 unit watersheds in 4 river basins, where the stream flow observations were carried out in relatively normal operating conditions. These reference sites could be utilized in various ways such as flow variation analysis, flow duration curve development and so on for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.371-375
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• 2018

Objectives: To successfully introduce an Internet of Things (IoT) system in the hospital environment, this study aimed to identify issues that should be considered while implementing an IoT based on a user demand survey and practical experiences in implementing IoT environment monitoring systems. Methods: In a field test, two types of IoT monitoring systems (on-premises and cloud) were used in Department of Laboratory Medicine and tested for approximately 10 months from June 16, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Information was collected regarding the issues that arose during the implementation process. Results: A total of five issues were identified: sensing and measuring, transmission method, power supply, sensor module shape, and accessibility. Conclusions: It is expected that, with sufficient consideration of the various issues derived from this study, IoT monitoring systems can be applied to other areas, such as device interconnection, remote patient monitoring, and equipment/environmental monitoring.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2021

In this study, a deep-learning image analysis model was established and validated for AI-based monitoring of the tidal flat ecosystem for marine protected creatures Ocypode stimpsoni and their habitat. The data in the study was constructed using an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the U-net model was applied for the deep learning model. The accuracy of deep learning model learning results was about 0.76 and about 0.8 each for the Ocypode stimpsoni and their burrow whose accuracy was higher. Analyzing the distribution of crabs and burrows by putting orthomosaic images of the entire study area to the learned deep learning model, it was confirmed that 1,943 Ocypode stimpsoni and 2,807 burrow were distributed in the study area. Through this study, the possibility of using the deep learning image analysis technology for monitoring the tidal ecosystem was confirmed. And it is expected that it can be used in the tidal ecosystem monitoring field by expanding the monitoring sites and target species in the future.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2016

Regionally the lowest average concentration of TOC was observed with 0.66 mg/L in Nakdong river, while the highest concentration of TOC was observed with 0.91 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The average concentration of TOC for national water quality monitoring site showed that the lowest average concentration of TOC was 1.58 mg/L in Han river, while the highest concentration of TOC was 3.37 mg/L in Yeongsan river. Seasonally, the average concentration of TOC at six upstream sites showed 0.77 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 0.63 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.73 mg/L, and 1.21 mg/L and 0.68 mg/L between wet season and dry season in Han river, Nakdong river, Gem river and Yeongsan river, respectively. For the national water quality site, the average concentration of TOC between wet season and dry season was 1.70 mg/L and 1.45 mg/L in Han river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.75 mg/L in Nakdong river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L in Gem river, and 3.75 mg/L and 3.00 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The distribution of TOC in upstream and national water quality monitoring sites on four major rivers have been influenced by seasonal and regional characteristics in Korea.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.423-438
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• 2010

Wireless smart sensors enable new approaches to improve structural health monitoring (SHM) practices through the use of distributed data processing. Such an approach is scalable to the large number of sensor nodes required for high-fidelity modal analysis and damage detection. While much of the technology associated with smart sensors has been available for nearly a decade, there have been limited numbers of fulls-cale implementations due to the lack of critical hardware and software elements. This research develops a flexible wireless smart sensor framework for full-scale, autonomous SHM that integrates the necessary software and hardware while addressing key implementation requirements. The Imote2 smart sensor platform is employed, providing the computation and communication resources that support demanding sensor network applications such as SHM of civil infrastructure. A multi-metric Imote2 sensor board with onboard signal processing specifically designed for SHM applications has been designed and validated. The framework software is based on a service-oriented architecture that is modular, reusable and extensible, thus allowing engineers to more readily realize the potential of smart sensor technology. Flexible network management software combines a sleep/wake cycle for enhanced power efficiency with threshold detection for triggering network wide operations such as synchronized sensing or decentralized modal analysis. The framework developed in this research has been validated on a full-scale a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea.