• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2013

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium that are found in cereals and agricultural products. ZEN has been implicated in mycotoxicosis in farm animals and in humans. The toxic effects of ZEN are well known, but the ability of an alkaline Comet assay to assess ZEN-induced oxidative DNA damage in Chang liver cells has not been established. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the Comet assay for the determination of cytotoxicity and extent of DNA damage induced by ZEN toxin, and the second aim was to investigate the ability of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) to protect cells from ZEN-induced toxicity. In the Comet assay, DNA damage was assessed by quantifying the tail extent moment (TEM; arbitrary unit) and tail length (TL; arbitrary unit), which are used as indicators of DNA strand breaks in SCGE. The cytotoxic effects of ZEN in Chang liver cells were mediated by inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of oxidative DNA damage. Increasing the concentration of ZEN increased the extent of DNA damage. The extent of DNA migration, and percentage of cells with tails were significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner following treatment with ZEN toxin (p < 0.05). Treatment with a low concentration of ZEN toxin (25 ${\mu}M$) induced a relatively low level of DNA damage, compared to treatment of cells with a high concentration of ZEN toxin (250 ${\mu}M$). Oxidative DNA damage appeared to be a key determinant of ZEN-induced toxicity in Chang liver cells. Significant reductions in cytolethality and oxidative DNA damage were observed when cells were pretreated with NACA prior to exposure to any concentration of ZEN. Our data suggest that ZEN induces DNA damage in Chang liver cells, and that the antioxidant activity of NACA may contribute to the reduction of ZEN-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity via elimination of oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.839-843
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• 2004

최근 들어 수자원 계획과 관리에 대한 평가를 위해 수문, 사회, 경제 및 환경 지표들을 이용하여 평가하고자 하는 노력들이 지속되고 있다. 이를 통해 수자원의 여건을 여러 지표들을 통합한 통합지표로 평가함으로서 객관적이고 투명한 결과로 도출하고자 하고 있다. 여러 국제기구 및 연구단체에서는 최근 논의가 되고 있는 지속가능한 발전을 평가하기 위해 각 국가별 자료를 수집하여 지표분석을 통해 각 국가별 상황을 제시하고 있다. 대표적인 통합지표로는 WPI(Water Poverty Index), HDI(Human Development Index)와 ESI(Environmental Sustainability Index) 등이 있으며 이 외에도 OECD, SEI 등과 같은 국제기구들이 여러개별 지표들을 통하여 지속가능성을 평가하고자 하고 있다. 또한 가상의 물 교역(virtual water trade)을 통해 개발된 지표들을 이용하여 각 나라의 수자원 현황을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 개발되었던 경제, 사회의 통합지표인 HDI, 환경 통합지표인 ESI, 수자원관련 통합지표인 WPI 등을 소개하고 이를 통해 우리나라의 지속가능성을 평가하여 보았다. 또한 Virtual Water Trade를 통해 국가별 수자원 현황을 평가하였고 여러 개별지표 등을 통해 수자원 뿐만 아니라 경제, 사회, 환경 등 여러분야에 대해 우리나라의 상황을 알아보았다. 이 연구를 통해 정확하게는 분석이 이루어진다고 말할 수는 없지만 정책결정에 도움을 줄 수 있는 정보를 제공하였다고 생각된다. 또한 국내, 외의 여러 지표를 통해 국내 실정에 맞는 우리나라의 수자원을 평가할 수 있는 통합적인 수자원관련 지표 개발에 많은 도움을 주었으리라 사료된다.DEM 자료로 변환하였다. 또한 유역의 고도차를 이용한 흐름특성 분석을 위해 수치고도자료를 이용하여 유역흐름특성을 분석할 수 있는 TOPAZ(Topographic PArameteri-Zation) 프로그램을 이용하였다. TOPAZ 프로그램을 통해 분석된 각 격자별 분포형 수문 매개변수는 적합한 관계식을 통해 분포형 유출량을 모의하는데 적용된다.다 정확한 유입량 예측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.이 작은 오차를 발생하였으며, 전체적으로 퍼프 모형이 입자모형보다는 훨씬 적은 수의 계산을 통해서도 작은 오차를 나타낼 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 Gaussian 분포를 갖는 퍼프모형은 전단흐름에서의 긴 유선형 농도분포를 모의할 수 없었고, 이에 관한 오차는 전단계수가 증가함에 따라 비선형적으로 증가하였다. 향후, 보다 다양한 흐름영역에서 장${\cdot}$단점 분석 및 오차해석을 수행한 후에 각각의 Lagrangian 모형의 장점만을 갖는 모형결합 방법을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.mm/$m^{2}$로 감소한 소견을 보였다. 승모판 성형술은 전 승모판엽 탈출증이 있는 두 환아에서 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 후 1년 내 시행한 심초음파에서 모든 환아에서 단지 경등도 이하의 승모판 폐쇄 부전 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증으로는 유미흉이 한 명에서 있었다. 술 후 10개월째 허혈성 확장성 심근증이 호전되지 않아 Dor 술식을 시행한 후 사망한 예를 제외한 나머지 6명은 특이 증상 없이 정상 생활 중이다 결론: 좌관상동맥 페동맥이상 기시증은 드물기는 하나, 영유아기에 심근경색 및 허혈성 심근증 또는 선천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.105-119
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• 2020

Although there have been a lot of efforts to improve water quality in the estuarine reservoir, overall the water quality problems of the estuarine reservoirs remain. So, it is essential to establish water quality management plans under a comprehensive understanding of the environmental characteristics of the estuarine reservoir. Therefore, in this study, a resilience analysis framework for evaluating the estuarine reservoir's water quality was suggested for improving existing assessment method for water quality management plan. First, as a result of analyzing the static resilience to each scenario, it was found that from the S3 scenario in which dredging was conducted considerably, the resilience of about 30% more than the current estuarine reservoir system was restored. Second, as a result of analyzing the dynamic resilience, if cost and time are considered, there is no significant difference in robustness and resourcefulness, so it can be seen that the resilience of the estuarine reservoir can be efficiently improved by simply performing dredging up to the level of Scenario 3. Finally, as a result of comparing static and dynamic resilience, since static resilience is only presented as a single value, the differences and characteristics of the resilience capacity of the estuarine reservoir might be overlooked only by the static resilience analysis. However, in the aspect that it is possible to interpret the internal recovery capacity of the estuarine reservoir in multiple ways with various indicators (robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, rapidity), evaluating water quality based on dynamic resilience analysis is useful.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2013

This study estimates the economic impact of sea-level rise on Jeju island and suggests the optimal protection level based on the FUND model. There exist a number of studies that estimate the impacts of sea-level rise on global scale, but their results are of limited use for local scale such as Korea. Therefore, this study applies some specific indicators and data of Korea into to FUND model for deriving site specific estimates. The results show that 2.01%~2.25% of land could be inundated by sea-level rise until 2100. The value of affected land is about 6.4%~7.2% of total land value. The discrepancy between the figures indicates that the area affected by sea-level rise is much more valuable than the rest of Jeju island. The optimal protection level in Jeju city is higher than that in Seguipo city, even though the coastal length of Jeju city is longer than that of Seguipo. This is due to the fact that the economic value of Jeju city is much higher than that of Seoguipo city.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2019

This study monitored Daecheong 1-bo, Daecheong-stream, which carried out the project in 2014, from 2015 to 2016. The technology applied to the stream was evaluated using Periphytic Algae to check contamination indicators and ecological health of the area with an integral river-bed protection using non-toxic materials. The water quality of the monitoring section was confirmed to be above the river environment standard (II), and it was confirmed that the Saproxenic taxa of the river bed protection were higher than the upper and downstream sections. The TDI, which is an index of attachment algae, was shown in the average 51.03 and 52.15 for the pilot project sections in 2015 and 2016, confirming that the index is of the "normal" grade. This is the other sections in the upstream and downstream sections showed higher than "bad", which is thought to have a positive effect on the habitat of the river ecosystem components, especially the microbial population in river bed protection.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in Unmunsan County Park from November 2007 to September 2008. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 140 species, 106 genera, 61 families, 13 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The dominant species in all the survey areas was Goerodes KUa of Trichoptera. The dominance index(DI) showed the highest as 0.553 at site 2 and the lowest as 0.354 at site 7. The species diversity index(H') showed the highest as 2.18 at site 7 and the lowest as 1.75 at site 2. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate(ESB) showed the highest as 85 at site 4 and site 7 and the lowest as 51 at site 5. As a result, the areas 4 and 7 needed to be designated as the highest protection area, and the area 5 as the protection area. Besides, the water quality, based on the ecological indicators of benthic macroinvertebrate community, turned out to be oligosaprobic in the whole survey areas.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

To determine the optimal shelf life for maintaining the high quality of kohlrabi, the changes in the physiological and secondary metabolites of kohlrabi stems during storage were investigated. The results showed that the kohlrabi maintained its marketable quality for two weeks at room temperature and for two months in cold storage ($4^{\circ}C$). Interestingly, the total phenol and flavonoid contents sharply declined along with the quality deterioration after two-week storage at room temperature. Moreover, insignificant changes in these compounds were observed for two months during the cold storage. The secondary metabolites of the kohlrabi were also influenced by its storage condition. The total phenol and total flavonoid contents of the kohlrabi significantly increased with the storage periods at low temperature, and significantly decreased with the storage periods at room temperature. In terms of the packaging, no significant difference in the total phenol content of the kohlrabi was found between the packaged and non-packaged types of storage. However, the flavonoid content of the packaged kohlrabi was higher than that of the non-packaged kohlrabi at the end of their storage. The content of glucosinolates, an anti-cancer ingredient was maintained during the storage, so the vegetables remained good sources of these compounds when stored in cold storage even for a long period. This study showed a close correlation between the secondary metabolites and the change in the quality of kohlrabi during storage. The results also suggested that secondary metabolites such as phenolics can be considered quality indicators of the shelf life of kohlrabi.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

Climatic change of the late-Quaternary period has been record-ed in the loess deposits of the central Great plains and the record of such change is extractable using a number of approaches and parameters. The stratigraphy of loess deposits which have been investigated on Fort Riley exhibits the same sequence of loess units and intercalated buried soils as is found elsewhere in the re-gion but adds detail unique to the reservation Upland late-Qua-ternary composite stratigraphy preserved on the reservation con-sists of the basal Sangamon soil of the Last interglacial(c. 120-110ka), Gilman Canyon Formation(c. >40 -20ka), Peoria loess(c. 20 -10ka) Brady soil(c. 11 -10ka) Bignell loess(c. 9-\ulcornerka). and mod-ern surface soil. Application of magnetic analyses has provided proxy data sets that represent a time series of climatically regulated pedogenesis/weathering and botanical composition. magetic data have yielded an impression of the variation in climate from Sangamon time to the late Holocene through a reconstruction of the history of pedogenesis/weathering. Sangamon soil formation dominated the reservation durin the Last interglacial as indicated by magnetic parameters. During Gil-man Canyon time loess influx was usually sufficiently slow as to permit pedogenesis which appears to have been at a maximum twice during that time. Warm season grasses were important dur-ing soil formation but diminished in importance during the peri-ods of more rapid loess fall which were cooler and perhaps wet-ter. Peoria loess fall a function of the deterioration of climate during the last Glacial Maximum thinly blanketed the reservation with thickest accumulations occurring to the north-west(Bala Cemetery site)proximal to the source region. Long-term surface stability did not apparently occur within Peoria time but short-term stability may be indicaed by the presence of thin weathering zones(incipient soils) in the Peoria loess. Re-gional landscape stability prevailed during the environmental shift at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition resulting in forma-tion of the well expressed Brady soil. One or more weak soils developed in the Bignell loess as it ac-cumulated. A notable feature of the Bignell loess is the appear-ance of the Altithermal dry period: the loess experienced little weathering and was dominated by warm season grasses until the latter of the Holocene.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.757-774
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• 2004

This paper is to reclassify systematically the functions of urban river: that is, water supply, land management, transportation and energy source as social and economic function; formation of geomorphic surface, water-side landscape, community constitution and boundary and separation between regions as spatial function; and drainage of waste water, purification, habitation, and weather regulation as ecological function. On the basis of this reclassification, it can be argued that the socio-economic functions (eg. water supply) of the river among the functions of the river have been strongly mobilized in the process of modernization, while the spatial function and ecological function of urban river have been ignored. The Kumho river which flows through Daegu and the adjacent area has made a great contribution to the modem development process of the river basin area, but as a result of a selective development of a specific function of the river, that is the social and economic function, it now suffers from the lack of instream flow and is deprived of its original functions with the water pollution and degradation. Moreover the Daegu region seems no longer possible to develop on the dependence of the river. In order to overcome this kind of social and environmental crisis, this paper is to suggest both some principles and main evaluating indicators to restore the original and comprehensive functions of the river, and important measures to make the co-evolution of the city and the river possible.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.26-36
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• 2015

The new town was assumed that there is a difference between the country's elementary school environment. First, given the important elements of the school safety plan in order to verify this, and we plan to set up each of these elements by safety criteria. In the second chapter in order to achieve the objective of this study was to develop indicators to evaluate the safety of the school environment influences the safety of the school environment through the theoretical consideration. In Chapter 3, the difference in safety through the new elementary school survey of metropolitan areas was given a score per item per item depending on the evaluation criteria. The fourth section is the difference between safety school environment can be summarized as the following analytical results that the difference between the new city. The results of this study as follows: First, the characteristics of the elementary school environment showed a significant difference between the new town. Second, school location, terrain characteristics, bike paths and pedestrian to the installation, the safety of landscape installations, installing median barriers, traffic safety facilities, speed bumps, separation of pedestrian and vehicle circulation in the front door, scores of elements of the plan such as parking scheme there is a difference between the new town. Third, the introduction of elements of the plan such as Traffic calming or Traffic Island installation techniques was found lacking.