• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

MLSS 농도가 5967에서 8400mg/L인 농축 하수슬러지가 초음파에 의하여 분해되었다. 본 연구에서는 초음파를 이용한 하수슬러지의 처리시 용해성 BOD, 슬러지 생분해성, C/N 비, 총질소, 탁도, 슬러지 형태학적인 변화에 대한 거동 특성을 조사하였다. C/N비와 총질소 제거 실험에서 최적의 초음파 조사시간이 10분임을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 조사시간 60분 경과한 MLSS 5967mg/L의 슬러지 생분해도(SBOD/TCOD)는 초기값 0.013에서0.76으로 증가되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 실험 결과들은 초음파를 이용한 하수슬러지 재활용에서 유용한 공학적 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1999

공기유입속도가 $217l{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}min^{-1}$이었을 경우, 고온 호기조를 이용하여 PAC로 응집, 탈수된 조류의 분해 특성을 관찰한 결과 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 10% 폐 식용유의 혼합조건이 본 연구에서 최적 조건으로 온도는 $55^{\circ}C$ 이상을 나타내었고, 수분은 55%를 일정하게 유지하였으며, $CO_2$의 농도는 최고 3.7%, 투입 탄소량의 92%가 $CO_2$-C로 변환하였다. 적정한 폐식용유의 혼합은 미생물의 활동을 활발하게 하였지만 과도한 혼합은 수분 증발로 건조상태로 되었으며 오히려 분해 활성에 저해 영향을 주었다. 처리가 종료된 담체는 고농도의 알루미늄이 축적되어 있으므로 별도의 처리가 요구된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2003

Bioremediation technologies were applied to experimental microcosms, simulating an oil spill in a lower intertidal area. Three treatments (oil only, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients and microbial inocula) were applied, and each microcosm was repeatedly filled and eluted with seawater every 12 h to simulate tidal cycles. To minimize washing-out of the inoculum by the tidal cycles, microbial cells were primarily immobilized on diatomaceous earth before they were applied to the oiled sand. Oil degradation was monitored by gravimetric measurements, thin layer chromatography/flame ionization detector (TLC/FID) analysis, and gas chromatography (GC) analysis, and the loss of oil content was normalized to sand mass or nor-hopane. When the data were normalized to sand mass, no consistent differences were detected between nutrient-amended and nutrient/inoculum-amended microcosms, although both differed from the oil-only microcosm in respect of oil removal rate by a factor of 4 to 14. However, the data relative to nor-hopane showed a significant treatment difference between the nutrient-amended and nutrient/inoculum-treated microcosms, especially in the early phase of the treatment. The accelerating effect of inoculum treatment has hardly been reported in studies of oil bioremediation in the Tower intertidal area. The inoculum immobilized on diatomaceous earth seemed to be a very effective formulation for retaining microbial cells in association with the sand. Results of this study also suggest that interpretation of the effectiveness of bioremediation could be dependent on the selection of monitoring methods, and consequently the application of various analytical methods in combination could be a solution to overcome the limitations of oil bioremediation monitoring.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.247-262
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• 2015

The few lignin biomarker studies conducted in tropical environments are hampered by having to use references signatures established for plants and soils characteristic of the temperate zone. This study presents a lignin biomarker analysis (vanillyls (V), p-hydroxyls (P), syringyls (S), cinnamyls (C)) of the dominant plant species and soil horizons as well as an analysis of the interrelated terrigenous organic matter (TOM) dynamics between vegetation and soil of the $Tapaj{\acute{o}}s$ river region, an active colonization front in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected and analyzed samples from 17 fresh dominant plant species and 48 soil cores at three depths (0-5 cm, 20-25 cm, 50-55 cm) from primary rainforest, fallow forest, subsistence agriculture fields and pastures. Lignin signatures in tropical plants clearly distinguish from temperate ones with high ratios of Acid/aldehyde of vanillyls ((Ad/Al)v) and P/V+S. Contrary to temperate environments, similarly high ratios in tropical soils are not related to TOM degradation along with pedogenesis but to direct influence of plants growing on them. Lignin signatures of both plants and soils of primary rainforest and fallow forest clearly distinguish from those of non-forested areas, i.e., agriculture fields and pastures. Attalea speciosa Palm trees, an invasive species in all perturbed landscapes of the Amazon, exhibit lignin signatures clearly distinct from other dominant plant species. The study of lignin signatures in tropical areas thus represents a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of primary rainforest clearing on TOM dynamics in tropical areas.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

유기인계 살충제인 fenirothion에 의하여 생성되는 폐기물과 폐수를 생물적 방법으로 처리하는 방법을 찾기 위하여 fenitrothion 분해미생물을 이용하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이 미생물은 fenitrothion을 함유하는 NB 선택배지를 이용하여 분리되었으며, Gram(+), 막대형, 포자형성 등의 형태적, 생화학적 특징들에 근거하여 Bacillus sphaericus NFo1으로 동정되었다. NB 배지에서 fenitrothion을 분해하는 최적 배양조건 혹은 농약 분해 조건을 결정하는 연구를 수행한 결과 최적 배양온도, 초기 pH, 균체 접종량이 각각 $35^{\circ}C$, 7.5, $OD_{660}$ 값이 1.5인 균체량으로 결정되었다. 이상의 최적 분해조건에서 fenitrothion은 5일 이내에 200mg/L의 고농도 배양에서도 90% 이상이 분해됨을 확인하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2013

Autophagy is a degradation process that acts in response to environmental stressors. Recently, autophagy has been detected in normal term, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth-restricted placentas. The object of this work was to investigate the presence of autophagy in first trimester voluntary interruption of pregnancy placental villi by the expression of autophagy-related proteins, light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1. In first trimester placental villi laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) analysis revealed LC3 and Beclin-1 immunoreactivity prevalently located in villous cytotrophoblasts. Using LSCM, LC3, and Beclin-1 were localized to the cytoplasm of the trophoblast layer in human full-term placentas. Beclin-1 expression and LC3 activation were confirmed by western blotting. These data emphasize that autophagy activation is different among cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts depending on the gestational age and thus we speculate that autophagy might play a prosurvival role throughout human pregnancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1168-1176
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• 2004

Intensive animal industries create large volumes of nutrient rich effluent, which, if untreated, has the potential for substantial environmental degradation. Aquatic plants in aerobic lagoon systems have the potential to achieve inexpensive and efficient remediation of effluent, and to recover valuable nutrients that would otherwise be lost. Members of the family Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are widely used in lagoon systems, but despite their widespread use in the cleansing of sewage, only limited research has been conducted into their growth in highly eutrophic media, and little has been done to systematically distinguish between different types of media. This study examined the growth characteristics of duckweed in abattoir effluent, and explored possible ways of ameliorating the inhibitory factors to growth on this medium. A series of pot trials was conducted to test the tolerance of duckweed to abattoir effluent partially remediated by a sojourn in anaerobic fermentation ponds, both in its unmodified form, and after the addition of acid to manipulate pH, and the addition of bentonite. Unmodified abattoir effluent was highly toxic to duckweed, although duckweed remained viable and grew sub optimally in media with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of up to 100 mg/l. Duckweed also grew vigorously in effluent diluted 1:4 v/v, containing 56 mg TAN/L and also modified by addition of acid to decrease pH to 7 and by adding bentonite (0.5%).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1325-1337
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• 2008

훈련과 인식의 환경적 차이가 음성 인식 성능 저하의 주요 요인이며, 이러한 환경적 불일치를 줄이기 위한 다양한 잡음 처리 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 이 가운데 로그 에너지 특징에 대한 ERN(log-Energy dynamic Range Normalization), SEN(Silence Energy Normalization) 등이 우수한 성능을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이들 방법은 상대적으로 큰 갈을 갖는 로그 에너지 특징에 대해서는 처리가 불가능한 문제점이 이으며, 특히 SNR값이 작은 환경에서는 이러한 문제로 인하여 환경적 불일치가 더욱 크게 나타나고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문은 자동 회귀 방식으로 이동 평균을 계산하여 로그 에너지 특징을 스무딩(smoothing)하는 ARMA(Auto-Regression and Moving Average) 필터를 후처리로 적용하는 방법을 제안한다. Aurora 2.0 DB를 이용한 인식 실험 결과, 제안 방법이 기존의 방법들에 비해 향상된 인식 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2000

범용고무인 NR, IR, BR, SBR 1500, SBR 1700의 열분해 특성에 대한 속도론적 해석을 실험데이터를 이용하여 수행하였다. 열분석법을 사용하여 범용고무의 속도론적 해석을 수행하였으며, Kissinger 방법, Friedman 방법, Ozawa 방법에 의한 NR의 활성화 에너지는 각각 195.0, 198.3, 186.3 kJ/mol로 나타났으며, SBR 1500의 활성화에너지는 각각 246.4, 247.5, 254.8kJ/mol이었다. 열분해 공정의 생성물은 전반적으로 최종 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 가열 속도의 영향에 따른 오일의 수율 증감은 각 시료마다 차이를 보이고 있었다. SBR 1500의 열분해 후 회수된 오일의 수평균 분자량은 740-2486로 나타났다. 또한 발열량을 측정한 결과 39-40kJ/g의 발열량을 나타내었는데, 이러한 값은 현재 연료로 사용되고 있는 kerosene, diesel, 경유, 중유의 발열량보다는 작은 것이지만 연료로서의 에너지 준위가 양호한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.389-393
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• 2008

Nano-sized $TiO_2$-60 wt% SrO composite powders were synthesized by a sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and $Sr(OH)_2\;{\cdot}\;8H_2O$ as precursors. 3, -5, -7 wt%Ag spot-coated $TiO_2$-60 wt% SrO composite powders were synthesized by a Ag electroless deposition method using $TiO_2$-60 wt% SrO composite powders calcined at $1050^{\circ}C$, which mainly exhibited the $SrTiO_3$phase. However, a small number of rutile $TiO_2$, $Sr_2TiO_4$ and $SrO_2$ phases were also detected. In the Ag spot-coated powders synthesized by electroless deposition, nano-sized particles about 5-25 nm in diameter adhered to the $TiO_2$-60 wt% SrO composite powders. The photocatalytic activity of Ag spot-coated $TiO_2$-SrO and $TiO_2$-SrO composite powders for degradation of phenol showed that all of $TiO_2$-SrO composite powders were highly active under UV light irradiation. 7 wt%Ag spot-coated $TiO_2$-60wt.%SrO composite powders had a relatively higher photocatalytic activity than did $TiO_2$-SrO composite powders under visible light.