• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

Recently people have come to demand more pleasant environments as the quality and right of life have been improved. Along with industrial development, the tendency is causing a growing number of disputes concerning environmental damages. Of many kind of environmental damages, noise and vibration pollution rising at construction fields are particularly the most common subjects of public grievance. Thus the government launched the Environments Dispute Mediation Committee in 1991, purposing to utilize fully the promptness and expertise of administrative institutes and to resolve environmental damage disputes promptly and fairly by interfering in them actively. With the prompt and fair dispute mediations of the committee, people came to be able to get fair and prompt remedies for damages in their health and fortune by environmental pollution. Therefore, by analyzing dispute mediation cases on construction noise and vibration damages, we will suggests basic material on which efficient actions can be takes for public grievances happening in the future.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 I
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• pp.108-113
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• 2001

Recently people have come to demand more pleasant environments as the quality and right of life have been improved. Along with industrial development, the tendency is causing a growing number of disputes concerning environmental damages. Of many kinds of environmental damages, noise and vibration pollution rising at construction fields are particularly the most common subjects of public grievance. Thus the government launched the Environmental Dispute Mediation Committee in 1991, purposing to utilize fully the promptness and expertise of administrative institutes and to resolve environmental damage disputes promptly and fairly by interfering in them actively. With the prompt and fair dispute mediations of the committee, people came to be able to get fair and prompt remedies for damages in their health and fortune by environmental pollution. Therefore, by analyzing dispute mediation cases on construction noise and vibration damages, we will suggest basic material on which efficient actions can be taken for public grievances happening in the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.381-391
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• 2008

The instances of the damage to livestock are increasing with frequent environmental disputes on the noise and vibration. This study analyzed 134 open cases dealing with the environmental disputes on livestock damaged by noise and vibration, and being intervened by National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission. The environmental disputes on the noise and vibration account for 86% of all the disputes, and cases of the consequent damages to livestock have increased. As shown in the 134 cases, pig is the most lethal livestock attacked by the noise and vibration. During last 10 years, 89% of the noise damages hurting the livestock resulted from the noises pertaining to construction and 58% was due to the noise damages from the road constructions. The noise levels in the range of 70~80 dB(A) and the vibration levels of 70~75 dB(V) caused most of the disputes. The average rate of reimbursement for the livestock damages for the last 10 years was higher than the average rate of reimbursement of the total disputes intervened by National Dispute Resolution Commission.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2017

As carcass disposal is increasing widely in Republic of Korea, there is a need to comprehensively analyze the impacts and subsequent damages of carcass disposal. Especially, since environmental policy aims to not only reduce environmental damages, but also enhance overall sustainability, we apply the concept of environmental welfare to assess the comprehensive impact of carcass disposal, especially focusing on the rural area. In specific, assessment criteria were suggested based on the four categories related to environmental welfare, which were 'environmental quality', 'level of environmental service', 'environmental safety', and 'participation, openness to public, and communication'. The results showed negative impacts of carcass disposal in environmental, social and economical elements. Overall decrease in environmental quality negatively impacts the other elements of environmental welfare. Furthermore, there were discrepancies of level of impacts and damages among stakeholder. In the end, we suggest critical elements that need to be applied in relevant policies and regulation to promote effective carcass disposal management.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.363-397
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• 2018

We study the impact of loss-aversion and the threat of critical damages from insufficient pollutant abatement, which we jointly call threshold concerns, on the outcome of international environmental agreements. We aim to understand whether concerns for a critical level of damages induce cooperation among countries faced with the well-known free-riding problem, and yield sufficient emission reductions to avoid exceeding the threshold. Specifically, we focus on loss-averse countries negotiating under the threat of either high or low environmental damages. Under symmetry, when countries display identical degrees of threshold concern, we show that such beliefs have a positive effect on reducing the emission levels of both signatories to the treaty and non-signatories, leading to weakly larger coalitions of signatories than in the absence of reference dependence. We then introduce asymmetry, by allowing countries to differ in the degree of concern about the damages. We show that stable coalitions are mostly formed by the countries with higher threshold concerns. When enough countries exhibit standard preferences, the coalition size may diminish, regardless of the degree of concern by the others.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2004

This study attempts to suggest a new approach of the estimation of range and degree of fisheries damages caused by a large scale of reclamation undertaken in coastal area using the central limit theorem(CLT) in statistics. The key result of the study is the introduction of the new concept of critical variation of environmental factor($d_{c}$). The study defines $d_{c}$ as a standard deviation of the sample mean($\bar{X}$) of environmental factor(X), in other words, $\frac{\sigma}{ \sqrt{n}}$. The inner bound of $d_{c}$ could be the area of fisheries damages caused by public coastal undertaking. The study also defines the decreasing rate of fisheries production$\delta_{\varepsilon}$, in other words, degree of fisheries damages, as the rate of change in the distribution of sample mean(($\bar{X}$), caused by the continuous and constant variation of environmental factor. Therefore $\delta_{\varepsilon}$ can be easily calculated by the use of table of the standardized normal distribution.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2008

This study aims to find out a state of the damages and vulnerable areas from natural disasters in the Korean peninsula using the prevention meteorological database information made by Park(2007b). Through the correlation analysis between damage elements and total property losses, we investigate the damages of public facilities, which have high correlation coefficient, and the cause of disasters and want to propose the basic information to set up the disaster prevention measures in advance. As a result, because most of the total property losses is the damages of public facilities, we can reduce the damages of natural disasters if we can predict the damages of public facilities or carry out the prevention activities in advance. The most vulnerable area for the natural disasters are Cangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces. The vulnerable areas for the damages of public facilities by typhoon are Daegu metropolitan city, Cangwon-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do provinces. These vulnerable areas will take place more frequently due to the climate change including Gyeongsangnam-do province so that we need to set up the disaster prevention measures and natural disaster mitigation plan. Also, we think that it has effect on reducing the damages of natural disasters to predict the damage scale and strongly perform the prevention activities in advance according to typhoon track and intensity.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.87-87
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• 2004

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the suppressive effects of ore minerals on the allergic cell damages and oxidative cell damages. The ore minerals significantly reduced the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in rat basophilic leukemia cells challenged with 2,4-dinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Lipoxygenase activity was also reduced by the ore minerals. Moreover, the ore minerals showed weak protective effects on the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in pig kidney cells and retinal ganglion cells. Photohemolysis of erythrocytes in the presence of rose-bengal as a sensitizer was also inhibited by ore minerals. These results suggest that the ore minerals may be useful as the protectant for allergic and oxidative cell damages.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.125-147
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• 2009

1990년에 제정되어 우리나라 환경법의 체계상 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 환경정책기본법에는 그 제31조에 사업자등의 무과실책임을 규정하고 있는데, 이는 절대적 책임을 규정한 것으로서 비교법적으로 그 유례가 없을 정도로 강력한 효력을 지닌 규정이다. 여기에서는 환경정책기본법 제31조의 문제점을 알아보고 그 바람직한 개정방안을 우리나라 법체계와 동일한 대륙법계에 속하면서 1990년에 환경책임법을 제정하여 시행하면서 비교법적으로 좋은 시사점을 제시해주고 있는 독일환경책임법에 비추어 모색해 본다. 첫째, 환경정책기본법 제31조가 일반조항의 형태로서 구성요건적 내용을 포괄적으로 규정하고 있어서 구성요건의 구체적인 기준에 대한 해석을 둘러싸고 논란이 예상되므로 '사업자등'에서의 '사업자등'에 대한 개념규정이 필요하다. 둘째, 고의 과실의 문제와 관련하여 우리 환경정책기본법은 제31조 제1항에서 "사업장 등에서 발생하는 환경오염 또는 환경훼손으로 인하여 피해가 발생한 때에는 당해 사업자는 그 피해를 배상하여야 한다."고 규정하고, 동법 제3조에서 '환경오염'이라 함은 "사업활동 기타 사람의 활동에 따라 발생되는 대기오염, 수질오염, 토양오염, 방사능오염, 소음 진동, 악취, 일조방해 등으로서 사람의 건강이나 환경에 피해를 주는 상태를 말한다."고 규정하고 있는데 이는 시설책임보다는 시설 및 행위책임으로 보인다. 우리 환경정책기본법과 같이 무과실의 위험책임을 근간으로 하는 독일환경책임법이 위험책임에 기초하면서도 행위책임이 아니라 시설책임에 따름으로써 그 적용범위를 제한하고 있는 점과, 시설책임에 의하면서도 가능한 한 추상성을 배제하기 위하여 시설의 종류를 별표 I에서 나열하는 열거주의를 채택함으로써 무과실책임의 적용 주체를 가능한 한 명확하게 하고 있는 점을 타산지석으로 삼을 필요가 있다. 셋째, 책임제한의 구체적 기준을 위하여 독일환경책임법 제5조와 같은 물적 손해배상 책임의 배제규정을 참조하여 물적 손해배상책임의 제한 규정을 둘 필요가 있다. 넷째, 무과실의 위험책임에 따르더라도 가해행위와 손해 사이의 인과관계가 입증되어야 하는데 전문지식이 결여된 피해자가 입증책임을 부담해야 한다는 원칙은 입증의 어려움을 더하고 있다. 따라서 피해자를 입증책임의 곤란으로부터 구제하기 위하여 독일환경책임법상의 '인과관계의 추정'규정을 벤치마킹하여 피해자를 가해자(시설보유자)보다 유리한 지위에 서게 할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 환경손해의 원인을 밝혀내기 위해서 피해자의 시설보유자(가해자)에 대한 정보청구권, 시설보유자의 다른 시설보유자 및 피해자 또는 주무관청에 대한 정보청구권 등을 두는 것이 필요하며, 더 나아가 환경정보법의 제정이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 여섯째, 명문으로 천재지변, 전쟁, 제3자의 행위 등에 의한 면책조항을 규정하여 이러한 불가항력적 사유에 터잡은 손해에 대하여는 배상의무가 발생하지 않도록 하여야 할 것이다. 일곱째, 환경오염에 대한 잠재적 가해자인 시설보유자의 급부능력을 담보하기 위하여 환경오염에 의한 손해의 배상의무(전보준비, Deckungsvorsorge)를 이행하기 위한 조치를 강구하는 규정이 필요하다. 여덟째, 이상의 논의들을 고려하고 환경정책기본법 제31조 제1항의 구체적 효력의 인정 여부를 둘러싼 논란을 잠재우고, 궁극적으로 피해자의 권리보호에 충실하기 위해 환경책임체계를 총괄하는 별도의 법인 가칭 '환경책임법'을 제정할 필요가 있다. 다수의 법률의 양산을 지양한다는 관점에서 기존의 환경정책기본법에 책임 조항과 관련한 별도의 장을 마련하는 것을 차선의 대안으로 생각해 볼 수 있다.