• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.112-121
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• 2004

An activity of nature experience guidance can be considered as an educational event, thus, I regarded the volunteers as the guides of nature experience and examined closely their guidance activities as a participant to provide in-depth description about their behavior, context, and changes in ethnographic view. In this study I raised two following questions; 1) how have the guides been changed through two types of activities and 2) what problems are brought up in their context. First, the volunteers acquired awareness and sensitivity to the total environment and its related problems during course of training, even though they were initially motivated to participate in training course for their children. Second, guidance activity improved their basic understanding of and views toward the environment, awareness of the total environment, attitudes to environment, skills in solving environmental problems and participation levels in working towards resolution of environmental problems. However, they had difficulties in communication with each other and since nature experience guides are wives and mothers they worked against time and needed support from their family. Further studies will continue on analysis of training programs for the guides to improve and to contribute guide's positive changes to non-formal environmental education.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.64-83
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• 2012

The number of smart phone users is rapidly growing due to recent increase in wireless Internet usage, development of a wide variety of applications, and activation of M2M (Machine to machine) services. Although the smart phone offers benefits of mobility and convenience, it also has serious security problems. To utilize M2M services in the smart phone, a flexible integrated authentication and access control facility is an essential requirement. To solve these problems, we propose a context-aware single sign-on and access control system that uses context-awareness, integrated authentication, access control, and an OSGi service platform in the smart phone environment. In addition, we recommend Fuzzy Logic and MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) in handling diverse contexts properly as well as in determining the appropriate security level. We also propose a security system whose properties are flexible and convenient through a typical scenario in the smart phone environment. The proposed context-aware security system can provide a flexible, secure and seamless security service by adopting diverse contexts in the smart phone environment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to examine the awareness and management practice of operating room nurses, to prevent nosocomial infection, to identify problems and to propose solutions. Method: The research tools used were the hospital infection control guideline and a modified version of the measurment tools used in the study of Cho (1998). The questionnaire consisted of questions on hand washing, personal hygiene and clothes control, cleaning and environment control, sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The collected data were analysed with the SPSS program. Results: The mean score for domain-specific awareness of nosocomial infection control was 4.81 out of a possible 5 points. The highest score was for sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The mean score for domain-specific practices of nosocomial infection control was 4.40, out of a possible 5 points. Sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials had the highest scores. The mean score for awareness in all domains was higher than mean score for practice. Among the general characteristics of the nurses, high awareness was found only in the provision of infection control guidelines and it had shown statistically significant difference. Examination of relation of general characteristics to practice showed that for age, career, the provision of infection control guidelines, and experience in infection control education there were statistically significant differences in the scores. For the relation between awareness of nosocomial infection control and practice, positive correlation was found in all domains, thus high awareness leads to high practice. Conclusion: Considering the result of this research, plans are needed that promote virtual practice of hospital infection control.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.122-132
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the environmental awareness and attitude of elementary school students, adapting the CHEAKS(Children's Environmental Attitude and Knowledge Scale) for Korean elementary students, which is the valid-tested tools for children's environmental awareness and altitude. The subjects are 580 students from 6 elementary schools. The differences of the environmental attitude are surveyed and analyzed by environmental education activities, such as environmental activities in school and “the school forest movement”, and environmental awareness and concern. The results are as followings: First, the subjects replied that the environmental problems are very serious, such as atmospheric pollution(37.6%), water pollution(22.2%) and food waste(16.3%), but they are relatively optimistic of the future environment. Second, the verbal commitment subdomain and the affect domain are evaluated higher than the actual commitment subdomain, and the environmental issues of water, energy and recycling are considered more importantly than other issues such as environmental generals, pollutions and animals. Third, the grade and the sex have little effect on the environmental attitude, but the environmental education activities have great positive effect, such as the experience of environmental camping, the education of saving resources, waste separation and the experience of raising plants and flowers. Fourth, the students with high awareness and concern about the environmental problems have high environmental attitude. Especially, the awareness and concern on the flowers and plants have very strong correlation with environmental attitude, regardless of the subdomains. Finally, the students from the school participating “the school forest movement” have relatively positive environmental attitude. Particularly, the participation of students and the positive approach of the school have positively great influence on the students' environmental attitude in all of 3 subdomains and 6 environmental issues.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.204-214
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to provide information on the awareness of patient safety culture and safety care activities among operating room (OR) nurses and to analyze the factors influencing the safety care activities. Methods: For this descriptive research, self-reported questionnaires were administered to 168 OR nurses who were working at the university-affiliated and general hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The mean score of the awareness on patient safety culture was 3.27 out of 5 points and that of safety care activity was 4.31 out of 5. The statistically significant difference was found between experience of safety education and the awareness on patient safety culture. Also, the scores of safety care activities were significantly different according to OR nurses' position, education levels, and experience of safety education. There was a positive correlation between the awareness of patient safety culture and safety care activity. Their explanatory power on safety care activity was 8.8%, which includes working environment in operating room 3.3% and nursing position 5.5%. Conclusion: Compared to the level of patient safety activities, the OR nurses' awareness on patient safety culture was low. Given the specific characteristics and conditions in each hospital, it needs to increase the OR nurses' awareness on patient safety culture and activities related to patient safety.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.3 s.99
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

This paper describes an Adaptive Context-aware Service (ACS) using Model Driven Architecture (MDA)-based Service Creation Environment (SCE) on PARLAY X based service delivery platform in ubiquitous computing environments. It can be expected that both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environments will be deployed. But the existing context-aware middleware lacks in considering adaptation. Therefore, the object of this paper is to support the architecture and the Application Programming Interface (API) of the network service for both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environment. ACS is to provide users with the adaptive network service to the changing context constraints as well as detecting the changing context. For instance, ACS can provide users with QoS in network according to the detected context, after detecting the context such as location and speed. The architecture of ACS is comprised of a Service Creation Environment (SCE), Adaptive Context Broker and PARLAY gateway. SCE is to use Context-based Constraint Language (CCL) for an expression of context-awareness and adaptation. Adaptive Context Broker is to make a role of the broker between SCE and PARLAY G/W. PARLAY G/W is to support API for PARLAY X-based service delivery platform.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2019

Safety and security measures in the shipping industry play a pivotal role in ensuring efficient and reliable cargo and passengers operations at each stage of the supply chain. The ISPS Code was adopted into SOLAS convention to protect seafarers and vessels from security threats. Furthermore, according to the Manila amendments to STCW Convention in 2010, personnel employed on board are required to participate in security training. Effective seafarers' education and training programs are of major importance to guarantee satisfactory performance levels onboard to minimize security-related risks. The study's contribution focuses on empirically evaluating the relationship between personal level of awareness and security performance when seafarers undertake security training courses. Findings of this study suggest that (1) seafarers who undertake maritime security training have a higher awareness of ship security, (2) security training and security awareness have a positive influence on security performance, and (3) security awareness mediates the impact of security training and security performance. In conclusion, education and training programs are key tools in enhancing seafarers' security awareness and security performance which, from an industry viewpoint, can translate into major economic, operational and reputational benefits.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2006

The initial research of Task Computing in the ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) environment revealed the need for access control of services. Context-awareness of service requests in ubiquitous computing necessitates a well-designed model to enable effective and adaptive invocation. However, nowadays little work is being undertaken on service access control under the UbiComp environment, which makes the exposed service suffer from the problem of ill-use. One of the research focuses is how to handle the access to the resources over the network. Policy-Based Access Control is an access control method. It adopts a security policy to evaluate requests for resources but has a light-weight combination of the resources. Motivated by the problem above, we propose a universal model and an algorithm to enhance service access control in UbiComp. We detail the architecture of the model and present the access control implementation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1072-1075
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• 2005

This paper presents that TD method is applied to the human adaptive devices for smart home with context awareness (or recognition) technique. For smart home, the very important problem is how the appliances (or devices) can adapt to user. Since there are many humans to manage home appliances (or devices), managing the appliances automatically is difficult. Moreover, making the users be satisfied by the automatically managed devices is much more difficult. In order to do so, we can use several methods, fuzzy controller, neural network, reinforcement learning, etc. Though the some methods could be used, in this case (in dynamic environment), reinforcement learning is appropriate. Among some reinforcement learning methods, we select the Temporal Difference learning method as a core algorithm for adapting the devices to user. Since this paper assumes the environment is a smart home, we simply explained about the context awareness. Also, we treated with the TD method briefly and implement an example by VC++. Thereafter, we dealt with how the devices can be applied to this problem.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 1997

The environment and the ecologic balance of the earth had been destructed by both man and ecological catastrophes and are no longer sustainable. We have no future unless we conserve our natural resourses and make efforts to change our basic patterns of consuming, production and recycling. Our earth had been contaminated without our recognition. We became indifferent to environmental problems and even more we hve lost our interest completely. To overcome this period of crisis, the concept of 'green imperative'has emerged. Since design powerfully influences our lives and the environment for good or ill, those at the forefront of design to consumers and the end-users can contribute to the well-being of the people and planet through new awareness of environmental and ecological based design. The spiritual awareness of green design will enrich the work of design through lasting performance of continuty and will make the future work.