• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Temperature-dependent, wide-angle, x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and infrared (IR) spectra were measured for biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymers, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx=2.5, 3.4, 10.5, and 12 mol%), in order to explore their crystal and lamellar structure and their pattern of C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding. The WAXD patterns showed that the P(HB-co-HHx) copolymers have the same orthorhombic system as PHB. It was found from the temperature-dependent WAXD measurements of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) that the a lattice parameter is more enlarged than the b lattice parameter during heating and that only the a lattice parameter shows reversibility during both heating and cooling processes. These observations suggest that an interaction occurs along the a axis in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). This interaction seems to be due to an intermolecular C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding between the C=O group in one helical structure and the $CH_3$ group in the other helical structure. The x-ray crystallographic data of PHB showed that the distance between the O atom of the C=O group in one helical structure and the H atom of one of the three C-H bonds of the $CH_3$ group in the other helix structure is $2.63{\AA}$, which is significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals separation ($2.72{\AA}$). This result and the appearance of the $CH_3$ asymmetric stretching band at $3009 cm^{-1}$ suggest that there is a C-H...O=C hydrogen bond between the C=O group and the $CH_3$ group in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). The temperature-dependent WAXD and IR measurements revealed that the crystallinity of P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx =10.5 and 12 mol%) decreases gradually from a fairly low temperature, while that of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx = 2.5 and 3.5 mol%) remains almost unchanged until just below their melting temperatures. It was also shown from our studies that the weakening of the C-H...O = C interaction starts from just above room temperature and proceeds gradually increasing temperature. It seems that the C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding stabilizes the chain holding in the lamellar structure and affects the thermal behaviour of PHB and its copolymers.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.54-69
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• 2007

The objective of study is to propose theoretical basis for applying planning elements to Environment-friendly Public Land Development in integrated perspective of 'eco' and 'health'. For this purpose, First, the definition of 'Environment-friendly Public Development' and the interrelation between 'eco' and 'heath' as the component element of it are proposed. Secondly, based on internal and external case studies, eco and health related planning elements are deprived. And to assess the planning elements efficiently, representative planning elements are selected by each content. Thirdly, based on the analysis of specialist question, how the selected planning elements contribute to the improvement of human health and ecosystem is assessed. The result of study could be useful to reflect the regional condition and to predict the effect of the application.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2024

With the commercialization and full-timeization of the livestock industry, civil complaints continue to increase, and the livestock industry is facing a crisis due to social problems such as odor caused by livestock manure, soil pollution, water pollution, and environmental pollution. In order to increase productivity in livestock farms, the amount of livestock manure generated is increasing due to excessive use of protein feed and high-density breeding environment, and complaints such as odor and water pollution due to management problems are increasing rapidly. Livestock odor has emerged as a serious social problem, and due to growing complaints, conflicts between the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Environment are even causing the livestock industry to lower its status. There is an urgent need for solutions to identify problems in the livestock industry and improve policies. This study aims to develop a " Abelmoschus Manihot Jinhuakui " brand that can improve the intestinal environment of livestock, reduce odors caused by livestock excrement, and improve the productivity of livestock farms in order to improve the increasingly serious odor problem in livestock sites. For Jeju livestock farms, which place more importance on the environment by securing tourists, eco-friendly feed additives were applied to the experiment, the results were derived, and the focus was on solving fundamental problems of odor generation through the development and packaging of feed additive brands. We aim to fundamentally solve the odor problem of domestic livestock farms, secure eco-friendly livestock farms, and contribute to reducing livestock odors and increasing productivity through research results that reduce ammonia levels in each livestock farm.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

Purpose - This study is to classify quality characteristics of online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls into 6 categories and to empirically test their relationship with customer trust, perceived manageability, perceived utility and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted adults who have purchased ecofriendly agricultural production online malls for 4 weeks from September 3 to September 30, 2019. The survey type used was a structuralized self-report survey questionnaire made to meet the research purpose in 2019 as the time range. Out of 800 questionnaires, 500 copies are used after excluding surveys with insincere responses. Results - First, results to hypothesis 1, which was about independent variables and customer trust. Analysis showed that health, familiarity, platform reputation, reviews and product quality were found to have significant effect on customer trust; the hypothesis was adopted. On the other hand, system security did not affect customer trust significantly; it was rejected. Second, customer trust was shown to have significant effect on perceived manageability and perceived utility, so the hypothesis was adopted. Third, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto perceived utility was adopted. Moreover, the hypothesis that perceived manageability moves onto purchase intention and the hypothesis that perceived utility moves onto purchase intention were adopted as well. Conclusions - Furthermore, the results of the study imply that it's imperative for online environment-friendly agricultural products shopping malls to consider their characteristics as the means to increase purchase intention of customers.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2008

For environment-friendly fishery, the lead sinkers of octopus drift line were developed with the environmentfriendly sinker, and their characteristics and performance were investigated. To make the environmentfriendly sinker, the hydrate ceramic material was developed, and to increase the weight and strength, the iron power was added to it. The fishing hook was machine-made, and standardized, by using 60cm iron wire. For the manufacture of the sinker, the first, the mold was made, and then, hydrate ceramic material and water were quantitatively mixed. The mixture was poured into the mold prepared with a fishing hook already inserted, and had hardened for several hour, before it was taken out of the mold as a complete sinker. The sinkers were made in the 8 types ranging in weight from 150 to 500g, and their specific gravities were diverse from 2.871 to 6.637, which was 0.19 to 0.44 times lower than that of lead. The movement of the environment-friendly sinker by flume tank was possible in the weaker current speed than the similar lead sinker. In the coastal fishing grounds of Gangwon province, the comparison of catching efficiency was made between the improved fishing gears composed of the environment-friendly sinkers and artificial baits, and the current used fishing gears of lead sinkers and pig-fat baits. The result showed the tendency in which the improved fishing gears caught the bigger octopuses than the current used fishing gears. In the quantity and number of the fish catch per unit fishing gear, the improved fishing gear showed a little more catch than the current used fishing gear, regardless of the fishing area. However, the number of the improved fishing gears lost during fishing operation was similar to that of the current used fishing gears.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

철도는 다른 육상교통수단보다 환경 친화적이며 에너지 효율성이 높은 교통수단이다. 철도노선 선정과정에서 예비타당성 수행은 에너지 효율성과 환경에 관한 문제들이 일반적으로 고려되고 있지 않다. 철도노선 선정은 지형적인 특성 그리고 시설물의 관리와 운영을 중심으로 선정되고 있다. 철도노선선정에 영향을 미치는 환경관련 문제에 대해서 본 연구는 집중적으로 검토 분석하였다. 본 연구는 철도 및 환경전문가 그리고 철도 노선선정에 관련된 전문가 의견 을 검토 분석하여 환경에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자를 추출하였다. 철도노선 선정과정에서 환경에 미치는 영향을 알 수 있는 환경영향평가 항목을 선정하였다. 환경 친화적인 철도노선 대 선정을 위하여 환경영향평가 항목 6개 분야 20개로부터 7개의 환경항목(지형 지질, 동식물상, 자연 환경자산, 대기질, 수질, 소음 진동, 문화재 경관)을 추출하였다. 철도노선을 선정하기 위해서는, 여러 대안이 비교되어야 하고 각 대안의 평가는 이 7개 환경항목을 기준으로 하여 실행되어야 한다. 최적의 철도노선선정은 7개의 환경항목을 고려하는 포괄적인 평가에 의해 선정되어야 한다. 이와 같이 주요 환경항목인자에 의한 평가는 철도건설 투자를 활성화 하는데 이바지 할 것이다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

This study analyzes the feasibility of constructing Geochang high technology industrial complex and present s the site, plan and development strategies. As a result, first, the Wallpyung area, superior form others in site characteristics, accessibility, surrounding facilities, was decided to the plan site. Second, the plan tries to adapt in the environment and maximizes the spatial link and user conveniences. Third, a transportation plan includes a circulation street network that adapt in topography, and considered future traffic situation and accessibility, hierarchy of road etc. Fourth, it also plans to locate a environment-friendly central park in the middle of site and buffer areas along at the outer sites and both sides of the roads. Fifth, for the development, it is advised to construct a public institution which manages the whole project and it is necessary to build a cooperate system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2004

Throughout the modernization which was dominated by development theory in Korea, land use planning for housing tended to spoil the environment. Numerous studies, however, pointed out the problem of this development-led planning and there was a broader consensus that the past planning was part of the environmental problem of inner city. These observations changed the development-led planning into the environmental friendly development planning. In particular, Seoul Metropolitan Government held the international planning competition to develop 'Sangam' as an environment friendly residential area. With this plan 'Sangam' would be the sustainable residential area with the harmony of nature, human and technology. Furthermore it would be the outset of the long-term plan to develop 'Seoul' as a 'gate-city, an 'information-city' and an 'eco-city'. To do this, it needs especially the planners' and the constructors' constant concerns and efforts as well as the citizen's participation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1000-1009
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• 2004

The environment friendly calcareous deposit films were formed on steel plates by electrodeposition technique in natural seawater and synthetic solutions such as dissolved $\textrm{Mg}^{2+}$ and $\textrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ions at various potential conditions. The influence of potential conditions on composition ratio, structure and morphology of the electrodeposited films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffractor (XRD). Accordingly, this study was provided a better understanding of the composition between the growth of $\textrm{Mg(OH)}_2$ and that of $\textrm{CaCO}_3$ during the formation of calcareous deposit films on steel substrate under cathodically electrodeposition in synthetic and natural seawater. The results showed that the formation of good overall calcareous deposited film in seawater can be achieved by controlling the Ca/Mg ratio according to interfacial pH with the effective use of the electro deposition technique.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1522-1527
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• 2009

Construction project is necessary element for human life to upgrade the quality and convenience. However, due to its contradictory nature to the environment conservation, environmental pollution and damage, deterioration of natural scenery, noise/vibration, water quality pollution, etc. caused in the process of construction greatly affect the environment. The purpose of this study is to propose checklist for environment management can be used in construction phase. For this, we went ahead with the research by studying the existing research related to environment-friendly construction project management both at home and abroad, investigation and analysis of environment-related laws and ordinances, and drawing the checklists for natural environment and living environment at the construction phase. As a result, we were able to compile a checklist for nine items including geological features, animals and plants, use of soil, quality of air, water, and soil, construction wastes, noise, vibration, recreation, and sceneries. The checklist is structured in 4 grades and coded so as to allow it to be developed with the use of computer system in future. We hope that the checklist presented in this study will help lead the managers at the construction phase in construction development sustainable from the perspective of environmental conservation.