• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2006

수종간 독립성 검정결과 상수리-산초나무 외에는 지역별로 유의한 종간 상관이 서로 다르게 나타남으로써 수종간 생태적 지위의 공유관계는 수종간의 친화력뿐만 아니라 생육환경에 의한 영향도 큰 것으로 해석된다. 환경요인을 독립변수로 한 군집분석결과 물푸레나무는 화살나무, 노간주나무, 떡갈나무, 산초나무, 개옻나무 등과 같은 집단(물푸레나무-개옻나무 그룹)으로 분류되었으며, 음나무는 느릅나무, 당단풍, 병꽃나무, 물갬나무 등(음나무-느릅나무 그룹)과, 고로쇠나무는 두릅나무, 거제수나무, 서어나무 등과 같은 집단(고로쇠나무-거제수나무 그룹)으로 분류되었다. 환경요인과 군집간의 상관분석결과 지형, 해발고, 사면방향, 경사, 출현종수 등의 환경요인 중 지형과 해발고에 따른 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 고로쇠나무-거제수나무 그룹은 해발고가 높은 계곡부${\sim}$사면하부에 주로 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 음나무-느릅나무 그룹과 물푸레나무-개옻나무 그룹 수종들은 지형적인 적응력이 높아 넓은 면적에 산발적으로 분포하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2005년도 한국식물병리학회 임시총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 2005

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to classify the types of rural areas (138 $si{\cdot}gun$) considering settlement environment by Decision Tree Method (CHAID). The CHAID method was used for decision tree algorithm and the seven dependant variables and 5 explanatory variables were selected, respectively. By decision tree method, rural areas were finally classified into six groups through three separate processes. City area, lower area in aging rate and higher area in farmland area ratio was analyzed to be relatively rich rather than other area in the case of settlement environment index. In the future, this study will be able to utilize as a reference to the planning of rural development projects.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2023

Directional felling is a felling method practised by the Forestry Department in Peninsular Malaysia as prescribed in Field Work Manual (1997) for Selective Management Systems (SMS) in forest harvesting. Determining the direction of tree felling in Peninsular Malaysia is conducted during the pre-felling inventory 1 to 2 years before the felling operation. This study aimed to predict and analyze the direction of tree felling using the vector-based path distance back link method in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and compare it with the felling direction observed on the ground. The study area is at Balah Forest Reserve, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. A Path Distance Back Link (spatial analyst) function in ArcGIS Pro 3.0 was used in predicting tree felling direction. Meanwhile, a binary classification was used to compare the felling direction estimated using GIS and the tree felling direction observed on the ground. Results revealed that 61.3% of 31 trees predicted using the vector-based projection method were similar to the felling direction observed on the ground. It is important to note that dynamic changes of natural constraints might occur in the middle of tree felling operation, such as weather problems, wind speed, and unpredicted tree falling direction.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2006

The tree is regarded as an sustainable architectural outdoor design element which reduce urban heat island effect by its solar shading and evapotranspiration. This study carried out field observations of measuring thermal environment of selected tree and its ambience to determine passive cooling effects. Results from the field observations are as below; Tree-shading effect to the thermal environment can not be properly evaluated by merely measuring air temperature differences between tree-shaded space and unshaded space for the maximum temperature difference is less than $1.5^{\circ}C$. The differences of longwave radiation and shortwave radiation between tree-shaded space and unshaded space are measured. Shortwave radiation is considered as a main thermal comfort determining factor for the difference of the shortwave radiation is much bigger than that of longwave radiation. By thermal infrared image analysis, the surface temperature of the tree under strong solar radiation is measured same as ambient air temperature. By which the evapotranspiration is considered to retard tree surface temperature raising effectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the profitability by selecting Pinus densiflora S. et Z. worthy of ornamental tree from among the cutting timber in the urban development project, and then presents the improvements. The study site is the whole area of Oedong-eup Gyeongju city Gyeongsangbuk-do and subject trees numbers are 2,180 trees. Analysis method is cost analysis because it is used generously pubic land development. In results, at first, in case of forest development currently cutting tree costs 7.3 million Won/ha. and no profit is occurred at all. Secondly, the forward direction order of tree treatments expenses are in sawdust production, selling lumber, selling ornamental tree, and selling ornamental tree, sawdust production, selling lumbered on the aspect of profits by the selling stumpage. Especially, selling trees as ornamental tree costs 127 million Won/ha. which shows the highest profits. Third, the management of ornamental tree pine tree after transplantation from development site costs 5 times less than purchasing the same quality trees. Hence, it is recommended to re-utilize the trees from the development sites to produce a high standard gardens and it also provides the basis for the low carbon green growth society.

• 농촌계획
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

To evaluate the value of a preserved tree as rural landscape resource, the growth environment and health condition was investigated, and the image evaluation was implemented on land~ape architectural major undergraduate students for zelkova trees in Yesan-gun. The image evaluation results of zelkova trees were as followings; 1) Typical image of preserved tree examined by Semantic Differential Scale were 'Old', 'Big', and 'Good'. 2) The 'big' image of zelkova tree and the height of tree, the width of tree crown, the breast girth of tree, the root girth of tree, the external formation of tree, and the health of tree bark is mutually related. Especially, the correlation between the 'big' and the external formation and the width of tree crown is high. 3) Typical image of preserved tree examined by Likert Scale were 'Natural', 'Green', 'Peaceful', and 'Rural'. 4) The preservation necessity for preserved tree was highly related with the state of ground, and the management necessity for preserved tree was highly related with contamination level and the state of ground. The appropriate management plan for preserved tree are proposed to improve the quality of rural landscape(basis of these results).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권2호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

본 연구는 잣나무림의 입목밀도에 따른 여름철 온열쾌적감 및 인체의 생리반응을 조사하기 위해서 진행되었다. 본 연구의 온열쾌적감 지표로는 예상평균한서감지수(PMV)와 예상불만족도(PPD)를 사용하였으며, 피험자의 생리지표로는 심박변동성(HRV)을 사용하였다. 피험자는 신체적으로 건강한 20대 남녀 15명(23.7${\pm}$1.7세)이 참가하였다. 피험자는 각 실험구에 앉아 5분 동안 HRV를 측정하였고, 각 실험구의 온열 환경을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, PMV와 PPD를 통하여 입목밀도가 120%인 잣나무림은 80%인 잣나무림보다 열적으로 쾌적하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 피험자의 생리반응의 경우 입목밀도가 120%인 잣나무림은 80%인 잣나무림보다 HRV의 HF가 유의하게 높았으며, LF/HF가 유의하게 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 입목밀도가 120%인 잣나무림은 80%의 잣나무림보다 열적으로 쾌적하며, 인체 생리적으로 안정된다는 사실을 과학적으로 증명할 수 있었다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a distributed search of a cluster robot using tree structure in an unknown environment. In the proposed method, the cluster robot divides the unknown environment into 4 regions by using the LRF (Laser Range Finder) sensor information and divides the maximum detection distance into 4 regions, and detects feature points of the obstacle. Also, we define the detected feature points as Voronoi Generators of the Voronoi Diagram and apply the Voronoi diagram. The Voronoi Space, the Voronoi Partition, and the Voronoi Vertex, components of Voronoi, are created. The generated Voronoi partition is the path of the robot. Voronoi vertices are defined as each node and consist of the proposed tree structure. The root of the tree is the starting point, and the node with the least significant bit and no children is the target point. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method through several simulations.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is reconstruction of annual precipitation based on Tree-ring series at Seorak mountain and examine its effectiveness. To do so we performed nonlinear time series characteristics test of Tree-ring series and reconstructed annual precipitation of Gangneung from 1687 to 1911 using Artificial neural network and Nonlinear autoregressive exogeneous input (NARX) model which reflects stochastic properties. As a result, Tree-ring series at Seorak Mountain shows nonlinear time series property and reconstructed annual precipitation series drawn from NARX is similar in statistical characteristics of observed annual time series.