• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.531-539
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• 2017

The strut-tie model approach has been recognized as an efficient methodology for the design of all types of concrete members with D-regions, and the approach has been accepted in design codes globally. However, the design of concrete members with the approach requires many iterative numerical structural analyses, numerous graphical calculations, enormous times and efforts, and designer's subjective decisions in terms of the development of appropriate strut-tie model, determination of required areas of struts and ties, and verification of strength conditions of struts and nodal zones. In this study, a computer graphics program, that enables the design of concrete members efficiently and professionally by overcoming the forementioned limitations of the strut-tie model approach, is developed. In the computer graphics program, the numerical programs that are essential in the strut-tie model analysis and design of concrete members including finite element analysis programs for the plane truss and solid problems with all kinds of boundary conditions, a program for automatic determination of effective strengths of struts and nodal zones, and a program for graphical verification of developed strut-tie model's appropriateness by displaying various geometrical shapes of struts and nodal zones, are loaded. Great efficiency and convenience during the application of the strut-tie model approach may be provided by the various graphics environment-based functions of the proposed program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1971-1978
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• 2009

This study investigated the adsorption of safflower yellow dye on wool protein fiber and the optimum dyeing conditions to test color reproducibility. In addition, the effects of mordants on dye adsorption, color, fastness, and photofading rate were also studied. The prepared dye in powder form was characterized with UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR spectrometric analysis. The color of dyed fabrics was characterized by CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ coordinates, H V/C, and K/S values. The color reproducibility of the dyed wool fabrics was examined. The amount of dye adsorption increased and also, the shade of the dyed wool fabrics became deeper and more saturated with increasing temperature, time, and dye concentration. The maximum color strength was obtained at pH 3.0. The shade of dyed wool fabrics ranged from light yellow to dark mustard yellow as the pH of the dye bath shifted from alkaline to acidic. Color reproducibility was reliable with color differences in the range of 0.53~1.75. Fastness to dry cleaning was relatively good at 4/5 rating irrespective of mordanting. Fe and Cu mordants showed the least color change of the dyed wool fabrics after exposure to light. Mordants did not contribute to improve dye uptake and color fastness, although they made variations in color tone. Safflower yellow dye can be used satisfactorily without mordants and will not cause damage to the environment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.171-180
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to discover the plans for Yangyeongsi in Daegu, one of the most traditional streets and a tourist spot in South Korea, by preserving the historical place, reviving the historical characteristics and identity, revitalizing the uniqueness of the location, and developing the environment. This paper also illustrates the problems of the place through a investigation into its current state in order to promote the district and conduct a fundamental research framework to suggest future development methods and directions based on the problem statements. Daegu Yangyeongsi was chosen through frequency analysis and a survey asking for a suitable location and local characteristics to be developed for the local promotion through the field investigation of 158 cultural assets registered in the local government. This survey was conducted through the development process of the Regional Design Innovation Center to revitalize the traditional streets and places of interest. Through this investigation, 19 sites and traditional streets, which can be cultural resources for sightseeing and contribute to the local promotion, were extracted. Yangyeongsi, was selected from the finalists. The research methodology will be 1) to identify things for improvement potentiality through an in-depth analysis of Yangyeongsi, 2)to examine the mutual relationship between the revitalization strategy of Yangyeongsi and the city promotion strategy, and 3) to integrate the problems and improvements based on the results of the analysis. The notion of SWOT analysis synthetically considering the elements of opportunity and intimidation, strength and weakness to come up with the development direction was introduced to discover the local characteristics of Yangyeongsi and deduce the problem statement through the state analysis. Based on these results, the future development method and direction will be suggested in this paper through the revitalization study of Yangyeongsi.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to assess blackish-water phenomena in Dam reservoir. To searching for the reason, we survey physical changes in reservoir and analyze metal and organic content in particulate materials and water. The blackish-water phenomena in lake A are occurred with turbidity increases in turnover season irregularly. It was reported on 6 Jan. 2005 weakly and the water column mixed with 35~40m depth and water temperature shows $7^{\circ}C$. The turbidity of AD and AM site increased up to 20NTU. Especially, AN site shows 27NTU, such a result makes that Dam manager conclude it to blackish-water phenomena. The results of sequential extraction analysis show that over 80% of Al, Cr and Fe is existed in residual form in sediment. On the other hand, the most part of Mn shows exchangeable and carbonates form, which have a good possibility of release to water column. Mn contents in pore waters of the sediment samples are also found to be ~4 times higher than Fe contents. The metal contents in pore water of different dam sites are in order of AN (Fe: 9.98, Mn: 40.6) > AD(8.33, 37.5) > DD(1.91, 2.55). According to the results of extracted organic materials from sediment, humic substances is occupied with over 85% in total organic carbon including 23~45% of humic acid (HA) and 0.9~8.5% of fulvic acid (FA). However, HA content in pore water is not detectable while FA contents, acid-soluble humic fractions is higher than that of sediment(10~15%). which indicating that FA is a main humic components affecting water color. The color unit per DOC of FA in pore waters of different dam sites are found to be higher in lake A than lake D. From the results, it could be suggested that blackish-water phenomena of lake A are mainly arise from higher concentration of Mn and water soluble organic fractions (e.g., FA) released from sediments as well as the strength of turnover in Dam reservoir.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2012

Nondestructive deterioration diagnosis has been carried out for the former ore dressing plant of the Yongwha mine in Yeongyang (Registered Cultural Property No. 255). Deterioration rates about organic contaminant and soil of the upper part (7 to 13 layer) indicate higher than the lower part (1 to 6 layer) of the ore dressing plants. By contrast, deterioration rates such as crack, break out and discoloration of the lower part indicate very higher than the upper part. It is estimated that the plants of the lower part that mechanical and chemical process had been done for flotation were damaged severely by physicochemical weathering with reaction of concrete and chemical solution. As results of ultrasonic velocity measurement, average p-wave velocity of plants were measured 2,462m/s (compressive strength $529kgf/cm^2$). As for the analytical results of surface contaminants and soil compositions using P-XRF, they were identical with major elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and As) of ore minerals from the Yongwha mine. Therefore, the ore dressing plant should be treated by phytoremediation with conservation because heavy metals could impinged upon plants and natural environment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.102-115
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• 2018

The world's major countries carry forward strategies for enhancing industrial competitiveness, resulting in the fourth industrial revolution while a new growth engine is required to deal with the slow growth of global economy and declining productivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution. AI is expected to be implemented rapidly in advertising and media industries. However, it is hard to find an effective way to implement AI in these industries, especially because of how quickly the AI market changes and develops. Therefore, this study seeks the possible industrial influence of AI in advertising and media industries and invigoration plan for AI, by an in-depth interview with 10 professionals who lead the AI market. First, it was analyzed to explore the macroscopic side of the AI market through P (Politics), E (Economy), S (Society), and T (Technology). Also, the applicability of AI in advertising and media industries was explored by analyzing its S (Strength), W (Weakness), O (Opportunity), and T (Threat).The result indicates that it is necessary to build up a nation-wide construction of infrastructure for the fourth industrial revolution to invigorate AI in advertising and media industries. Moreover, a social environment capable of overcoming a hyper-connected society and social risks should be fostered. Lastly, it is urgent for both the industrial and academic world to diagnose the influence of AI in advertising and media industries, to anticipate the future in accordance with technological advance, set a proper direction, to invest actively for technical development of AI, and to formulate innovative policies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2333-2340
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• 2015

Background: Due to the strong inhibitory effects of $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene on the growth of cancer cells, the role of Pro12Ala polymorphism in $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene has been extensively investigated in cancer recently. However, the results were inconsistent according to cancer type. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Search strategies were conducted in Pubmed, Medline (Ovid), Chinese biomedical database (CBM), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang database, covering all publications, with the last search up to November 01, 2014. The strength of association between $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala polymorphism and gastric cancer risk was assessed by OR with 95%CI. Results: A total of 546 cases and 827 controls in 5 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the variant G allele carriers (CG+GG) had a 2.31 times higher risk for gastric cancer when compared with the homozygote CC (odds ratio (OR)=2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.67-3.21 for CG+GG vs. CC). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly elevated risks were both found in Asians (OR=2.56, 95% CI=1.42-4.64) and Caucasians (OR=2.20, 95% CI=1.48-3.25). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis by H. pylori status, a significantly increased risk was identified in H. pylori (+) populations (OR=3.68, 95%CI=2.07-6.52), but not in H. pylori(-) populations (OR=1.17, 95%CI=0.58-2.39). Conclusions: This pooled analysis suggested that the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala polymorphism could be an independent predictive risk factor for gastric cancer especially in H. pylori infected populations in Asians and Caucasians. Nevertheless, prospectively designed cohort studies are needed to further investigate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions to confirm the combined effects of $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala polymorphisms and H. pylori infection on gastric cancer risk.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

Large bowel cancer shows the 4-5th frequency in cancers that occurs in Korea. The western medicine cures the Large bowel cancer by radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. While, Oriental medicine cures the Large bowel cancer by Herb-drugs, acupuncture, moxa and et al. With just one way of treating Large bowel cancer can't be effective remedy. Because each medicine has a strength and weakness, it is effective treatment when two medicine combines and supplement each other. We got the following result about a trend of oriental and western combination treatment for Large bowel cancer through studding records. 1. In Large bowel cancer, colon cancer is referred hematochezia(腸風下血), rectal cancer is refereed enterotoxin(腸毒), and anal cancer is accumulation of pathogens in yin(結陰). 2. The western medicine treats Large bowel cancer patient with surgery first. They need on assembly treatment such as chemical, radiation and immune treatment. In oriental medicine, they treats Large bowel cancer patients with differentiation of symptom and signs and treatment(辨證施治) for example, insufficiency of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), collapse of the spleen-ql(脾氣下陷), stagnation of blood stasis and toxic agent(瘀毒內結), reinforcing both qi and blood(脾血下陷), stagnation of damp-phlegm(痰濕凝結) and cure for them by acupuncture and moxa too. 3. In combination with oriental and western medical treatment princple of Large bowel cancer by each stage is as follows. First stage is cured with radical surgery and herb-drugs without chemotherapy. The intermediate and terminal stage patients is used radiation before surgery, or after palliative surgery cour with chemotherapy, radiation and Herb-drugs. In terminal stage patients, unable for surgery, is used combination between chemotherapy, palliative radiation and Herb-drugs. 4. After radiation surgery, the terminal stage patients who have extensively lymph node metastasis or local contraindication is able to undergo combination of Herb-durgs and chemotherapy. 5. The cure-effect with oriental and western medicine combination treatment was better than that just with oriental or western medical treatment. 6. The merits of oriental and western medicine combination treatment lengthen one's life and diminish the bad effect of chemotherapy and complete radiation treatment, prevent from relapsing, maintain the balance in their environment of body and improve immunity.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.204-216
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• 2010

Since Sensor nodes around a fixed sink have huge concentrated network traffic, the battery consumption of them is increased extremely. Therefore the lifetime of sensor networks is limited because of huge battery consumption. To address this problem, a mobile sink has been studied for load distribution among sensor nodes. Since a mobile sink changes its location in sensor networks continuously, the mobile sink has time limits to communicate with each sensor node and unstable signal strength from each sensor node. Therefore, a fair and stable data collection method between a mobile sink and sensor nodes is necessary in this environment. When some sensor nodes are not able to send data to the mobile sink, a real-time application in sensor networks cannot be provided. In this paper, the new scheduling method, FQMS (Fair Queuing for Mobile Sink), is proposed for fair and stable data collection for mobile sinks in sensor networks. The FQMS guarantees balanced data collecting between sensor nodes for a mobile sink. In out experiments, the FQMS receives more packets from sensor nodes than legacy scheduling methods and provides fair data collection, because moving speed of a mobile sink, distance between a mobile sink and sensor nodes and the number of sensor nodes are considered.