• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2020

While the importance of the service industry has increased at the national economy level, the service rate and job satisfaction of the flight attendants in the aviation service industry are not high. In this regard, this study aims to recognize what factors can reduce their job stress in the emotional work environment, and how job stress affects their attitude and job performance. More specifically, the current study tries to investigate how flight attendants' positive psychological status affect their job stress, organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing in the aspect of job performance. The main five constructs in these interrelationships include the flight attendants' positive psychological capital, leader-member exchange(LMX), job stress, organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing. This study conducted a quantitative research with 390 questionnaire for flight attendants, and analyzed the data using SPSS/PC version 20.0 and structural equation modeling program of AMOS 20.0. The findings show that the favorable leader-member exchange relationship between flight attendants plays a significant role in lowering job stress, while high job stress has a negative effect on organizational commitment and knowledge sharing. The result also shows that personal positive psychological capital acts as a trigger to influence other factors. Therefore, this study suggests that it is essential for airlines not only to promote an organizational system to support the flight attendants' emotional work but also to maintain a positive psychological state for securing competitive human resources.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

This study began with the question: "what influence would the width of river surface have on visual preference, provided that the environment surrounding the river does not change?" to evaluate the visual preference factors of the river scenery which could vary according to the change of water level. To estimate the minimum flow needed for river sceneries, field survey of Youngsan river was carried out to collect the field data and evaluated the visual preference factors to obtain a most preferred W/B ratio. At Youngsan bridge location, the feeling of open space factors, physical characteristic factors and complexity factors appeared to have significant relations to visual preferences. At Imgok bridge location, complexity factors, aesthetic factors and physical characteristic factors have significance to visual preferences. As a result of multi regression modeling, it was found that physical factors affected visual preferences the most at urban river locations and complexity factors affected the most visual preferences at rural river locations. As a results of this study, the most preferred W/B ratio was estimated as which vary from 0.5 to 0.7 and this results can contribute to the field of river landscape design to maximize the users' satisfaction level.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2003

A series of numerical simulations were carried out using STOMP( Subsurface Transport over Multiple Phase) simulator. The flow and distribution of LNAPL were analyzed in homogeneous fine and coarse sand. Vertical movement of LNAPL is faster in the coarser sand. But the total volume of LNAPL retained in the unsaturated zone is larger in the finer sand. A fine layer in the coarse sand domain is also simulated. The results showed that the retained LNAPL volume and shape are highly influenced by the Position of the fine layer. Flow and distributions of LNAPL were simulated when there were heterogeneous lenses in the sand domain. Water table fluctuation was also considered. In these cases, it was found that the heterogeneous lens was a barrier to LNAPL flow, and water table fluctuation stimulated the downward movement of retained LNAPL. The LNAPL flow and distribution observed in these numerical experiments show that in the subsurface environment, the behaviors of LNAPL highly depend on heterogeneities of unsaturated zone and the dynamic hydrogeologic condition such as water table fluctuation. These results can explain some of the complexity of LNAPL flow and distribution Patterns in LNAPL contaminated field sites.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2017

One of the biggest challenges in export activities of SME is the increasingly cultural diversity that requires especially export managers to adapt their doing business in many different kinds of cross-cultural situations effectively. A relative newly developed concept 'Cultural Intelligence' has been evaluated as a key element for the success in international business activities. This study aims to investigate empirically the role of Cultural Intelligence(CQ), one component of cultural competence, on export marketing adaptation. The statistical method used to test the hypotheses was Structural Equation Modeling using PLS. The results of this study are follows. The moderating role of Cultural Intelligence between information seeking and information using abilities is more stronger in marketing rather than relationship adaptation. Cultural Intelligence moderates between them. Critical factors affecting Cultural Intelligence are also discussed; foreign language fluency, business travels in abroad, characteristics of the business travels, multi-lingual ability, pre-education related cultural subjects, and visit experience in foreign countries. Especially, export managers' foreign language ability leads to much stronger influence on cultural intelligence. The result of the empirical study provides important implications for export SME and export supporting organizations. Export firms and supporting organizations must expand programs widely in multi cultural training and education to help managers gain a better understanding in a various export environment.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Over the past few decades, considerable numbers of studies on the durability of concrete have been carried out extensively. A lot of improvements have been achieved especially in both measuring techniques as well as modeling of ionic flows. However, the majority of these researches have been performed on sound uncracked concrete, although most of in-situ concrete structures have more or less micro-cracks. It is only recent approach that the attention has shifted towards the influence of cracks and crack width on the penetration of chloride into concrete. The penetration of chlorides into concrete through the cracks can make a significant harmful effect on reinforcement corrosion. On the other hand, a general acceptable crack width of 0.3 mm has been recognized for keeping the serviceability of concrete structures in accordance with a lot of codes. However, there seems to be rare established description to explain the critical crack width in terms of the durability of concrete. To make a bad situation worse, there is little agreement on critical crack width among a few of literatures for this issue. Critical crack width is still controversial problem. Nevertheless, since the critical crack width is important key for healthy assessment of concrete structures exposed to marine environment, it should be established. The objective of this study is to define a critical crack width. The critical crack width in this study is designed for a threshold crack width, which contributes to the first variation of chloride diffusion coefficient in responsive to the existence of cracks. A simple solution is formulated to realize the quantifiable parameter, chloride diffusion coefficient for only cracked zone excluding sound concrete. From the examination on the trend of chloride diffusion coefficient of only cracked zone for various crack widths, a critical crack width is founded out.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-204
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• 2001

본 연구는, 기존의 나열식 분류체계의 문제점을 극복할 수 있는 GRAIL을 이용하여 두경부의 해부학적 구조물들 및 구강 악안면 영역의 주요 질병들과 관련된 치의학 개념들의 모델을 구축한 뒤, 완성된 치의학 개념 모델이 두경부의 해부학적 구조물들 및 구강 악안면 영역의 주요 질병들을 잘 표현할 수 있는지와 기존의 GRAIL 모델이 지닌 특징에 잘 부합하는지를 평가하고자 시행되었다. 서울대학교 치과병원 내원 환자 중 포괄적인 치과 치료 병력을 지닌 환자 150명의 치과 의무기록을 내용별로 분석하고, 각종 치의학 교과서와 기존의 의학용어 분류체계에서도 모델 구축에 필요한 치의학 용어를 선택하였다. 이들 자료를 바탕으로, GRAIL 모델 구축을 진행하고 구축된 모델을 평가할 수 있는 소프트웨어 프로그램인 'KnoME'에서 치의학 개념 모델을 구축하고 평가하여, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 환자 150명의 치과 의무기록을 내용별로 분석한 결과, 우선적으로 모델 구축이 필요한 치의학 용어로는, 해부학적 구조물의 경우 치아, 치은, 악관절, 입술, 턱, 혀 등의 순서로 나타났으며, 구강악안면 영역의 병소에서는 치아 우식증, 치주염, 치은염, 악관절 장애, 매복 지치, 치경부 마모 등의 순서로 나타났다. 2. GRAIL을 이용하여 치아, 치주조직, 구강점막조직, 치아 우식증, 치수 및 치근단 병소, 치주질환, 구강점막질환의 모델 구축을 시행한 결과, 치의학 개념간의 다양한 관계가 대다수 잘 표현되었다. 그러나, 구강 악안면 영역의 해부학적 구조물에 대한 공간 정의의 한계성과 구강 악안면 질환의 진행 양상에 있어서 표현의 어려움이 관찰되었다. 이러한 부분은 GRAIL을 치의학 분야에 적용할 때, 극복해야 할 한계로 나타났다. 3. 치의학 개념들에 관한 다양한 질의를 시행한 후 그 응답 내용을 평가한 결과, 완성된 모델 내에서 치의학 개념의 자동적인 분류가 이루어 졌으며, 다양한 목적의 검색이 가능하였다. 이와 같은 사실로 미루어 보아서, 완성된 모델은 기존의 GRAIL 모델의 특성에 잘 부합되는 것으로 생각되었다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.118-128
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• 2015

Recently BIM technology has been expanded for using in construction project. Due to the high-cost of BIM infrastructure development, lack of regulations, lack of process and so forth, usage of BIM has been delayed than initial expectations. In design phase, especially, collaboration based on BIM system has been a key factor for successful next generation building project. Through the analysis of current research trends about IT technologies, virtualization and BIM service, data exchange such as drawings, 3D model, object data, properties using cloud computing and virtual server system is defined as a most successful solution. The purpose of this study is to enable the cloud computing BIM server to provide several main functions such as editing models, 3D model viewing and checking, mark-up and snapshot in high-performance quality by proper design of VDI system. Concurrent client connection performance is a main technical index of VDI. Through testing of test-bed server client, developed VDI system's multi-connect control is evaluated. Performance-test result of BIM server VDI effect to development direction of cloud computing BIM service for commercialization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2012

A planar solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC) is studied in its application in a high-temperature stationary power plant. Even though PSOFCs with external reformers are designed for application from the distributed power source to the central power plant, such PSOFCs may sacrifice more system efficiency than internally reformed SOFCs. In this study, modeling of the PSOFC with an external reformer was developed to analyze the feasibility of thermal energy utilization for the external reformer. The PSOFC system model includes the stack, reformer, burner, heat exchanger, blower, pump, PID controller, 3-way valve, reactor, mixer, and steam separator. The model was developed under the Matlab/Simulink environment with Thermolib$^{(R)}$ modules. The model was used to study the system performance according to its configuration. Three configurations of the SOFC system were selected for the comparison of the system performance. The system configuration considered the cathode recirculation, thermal sources for the external reformer, heat-up of operating gases, and condensate anode off-gas for the enhancement of the fuel concentration. The simulation results show that the magnitude of the electric efficiency of the PSOFC system for Case 2 is 12.13% higher than that for Case 1 (reference case), and the thermal efficiency of the PSOFC system for Case 3 is 76.12%, which is the highest of all the cases investigated.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2010

It is known that as many as 1 in 91 children are diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder, and the incidence rate of the autistic spectrum disorder is much higher than that of cancer in Korea. It is necessary to develop a novel technology to sense their emotional status and give proper psychological diagnosis and therapy, since the children with autistic spectrum disorder usually do not express their own emotional status. This article presents the state-of-the-arts on the affective computing technologies that include recognition of emotional status through bio-sensing and virtual affective agent modeling, and then proposes a novel system architecture for diagnosis and therapy of autistic spectrum disorder. The diagnosis and therapy system of autistic spectrum disorder is composed of bio-sensing module, virtual environment module with affective agents, and haptic interface module. The architecture proposed in this paper will enhance the objectivity to diagnose autism spectrum disorders, and enable continuous treatment in daily life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

There were many theories to suggest the indicators that evaluate stability and reflect the plan in mixed traffic street in all traffic modes This Paper analyzed residential street of Suwon City adopting time-space occupancy index among these indicates. Three survey street. congregated into apartment house. were selected to analyze this and pictured by video camera over one hour. and the length of these street were 76m, 55m, and 34m each, and major street by each region, comparably high in Pedestrians and pass vehicles, were selected. Basic datum to calculate time-space occupancy index and time-space occupancy index per person was gathered through video analysis. i.e Parameters for pedestrians, cars, bicycles, average speed of bicycles, and parking car. There are some limitation to analyze LOS of mixed traffic street in all traffic modes, not pedestrian mall. Therefore this paper presented evaluation standard of LOS. In conclusion. the aim of this paper is to suggest modeling based on guidelines for evaluating LOS of mixed traffic street in all traffic modes. It is estimated that this will be influencing indicates for improving pedestrian environment, and Planning mixed traffic street in future.