• 세라미스트
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2019

Thermoelectric energy conversion has attracted much attention because it can convert heat into electric power directly through solid state device and vice versa. Current research is aimed at increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT ) by improving the power factor and reducing the thermal conductivity. Although there have been significant progresses in increasing ZT of material systems composed of Bi, Te, Ge, Pb, and etc. over the last few decades, their relatively high cost, toxicity, and the scarcity have hindered further development of thermoelectrics to expand practical applications. In this paper, we review the current status of research in the fields of nanostructured thermoelectric materials with eco-friendly and low cost elements, such as skutterudites and oxides, for mid-high temperature applications, highlighting the strategies to improve thermoelectric performance.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 단지형 건물 군 내 여러 건물의 옥상에 설치된 태양광 패널의 연간 발전량 분석을 통해 설치 여건에 따른 발전 효율의 차이와 원인을 확인하고자 하였다. 즉, 일정한 지역에 입지한 다수의 태양광 발전 실적에 대한 사후 평가를 통하여 효율에 영향을 끼는 환경적 변수를 도출하고 이들의 상대적인 영향력을 파악하고자 하였다. 기존의 연구는 개별적 영향 요인의 최적화 방안을 실험 환경에서 도출한 연구가 주를 이루고 있으며 실제 운영 성과물을 대상으로 한 실증적인 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구의 결과, 같은 지역에 설치되어 있더라도 환경적 요인에 의하여 최대 1.5배의 발전 효율을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 변환 효율에 영향을 주는 변수인 방위각, 앙각, 음영에 대해서 통계적 검정을 실시한 결과 모든 요인이 종속변수인 변환효율에 영향을 주는 변수임을 통계적으로 확인하였다. 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 방위각이며, 다음으로 앙각과 음영이 발전효율에 영향을 끼치는 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구를 통해 태양광 발전 설비의 도입이 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 여건에서 실제 설치된 환경적 요인이 변환 효율에 영향을 주는 정도를 실증적으로 확인하여 향후 도입되는 태양광 발전 설비의 설치 가이드라인을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2012

This paper suggests the set-up plan of the assessment scope in road noise considering road characteristics with the prediction model of road noise. The RLS90 prediction model with some assumptions is used to establish the assessment scope of road noise. The main contents of the applied assumptions are smooth drive of cars, flat region, location of all noise sources in one lane, drive in design speed, and set-up of assessment scope according to traffic volume and car speed. The information of traffic volume to predict road noise is obtained by the distribution of small cars and full-sized cars in road. In this study, the total traffic volume in road is computed by adding the number of small cars to the conversion number of small cars, which means the number of small cars making the same noise as one full-sized car. The prediction result of road noise with the influence factor of traffic volume, car speed, distance between road and receiver is presented. The resultant assessment scope of road noise is obtained by combining road noise prediction data with the set-up standard of road noise assessment scope.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2017

선박에서 배출되는 환경오염물질 저감 및 연료 소비를 줄이기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 기존의 전력망과 신재생에너지를 연계 시킬 수 있는 직류배전시스템의 한 부분인 전력변환시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 현재 전력변환장치로 주로 사용되고 있는 다이오드 정류기는 부하의 입력전류에 많은 저차고조파가 포함되어 공급전압의 왜곡을 초래하고 전체시스템의 전력품질을 저하시킨다. 일정하지 않은 출력 전압파형은 발전기, 부하기기 등에 오작동 유발 및 인버터 단의 스위칭 소자에 영향을 미치며 스위칭 손실을 증가 시킨다. 본 논문에서는 AFE(Active Front End) 방식 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) 정류기의 직류출력, 입력 전원의 역률 및 총고조파왜형률(Total Harmonic Distortion)을 개선하기 위해서 PLL회로를 사용한 제어기를 설계하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과 직류 출력전압 파형과 입력전원의 역률이 기존 보다 개선되었으며 총고조파왜형률 또한 IEEE Std514-2014 규정에 적합한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

Different power output of solar cells can be observed at high-temperature regions such as desert areas. In this study, performance dependence on operating temperature of crystalline silicon solar cells with different emitter types was analyzed. Based on the light current-voltage (LIV) measurement, temperature coefficients of short-circuit current density ($J_{SC}$), open-circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency were measured and compared for two groups of crystalline silicon solar cells with different emitter types. One group had homogeneously doped (conventional) emitter and another selectively doped (selective) emitter. Varying the operating temperature from 25 to 40, 60, and $80^{\circ}C$, LIV characteristics of the cells were measured and the properties of saturation current densities ($J_0$) were extracted from dark current-voltage (DIV) curve. From the DIV data, effect of temperature on the performance of the solar cells with different electrical structures for the emitter was analyzed. Increasing the temperature, both emitter structures showed a slight increase in $J_{SC}$ and a rapid degradation of $V_{OC}$. FF and power conversion efficiency also decreased with the increasing temperature. The degrees of $J_{SC}$ increase and $V_{OC}$ degradation for two groups were compared and explained. Also, FF change was explained by series and shunt resistances from the LIV data. It was concluded that the degradation of solar cells shows different values at different temperatures depending on the emitter type of solar cells.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2015

본 연구는 물류기업을 대상으로 녹색물류기업 인증이 녹색물류성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고, 그에 대한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 녹색물류와 관련된 선행연구를 통해 물류성과, 환경성과, 자원성과 및 기업성과와 같은 성과 변수를 도출하고, 녹색물류기업 인증 기준과의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 물류기업 종사자를 대상으로 녹색물류기업 인증과 녹색물류성과의 관계에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하고, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰성분석 및 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 가설검증을 위해 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 녹색물류 목표관리는 물류성과와 환경성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 물류에너지 및 온실가스 산정은 물류성과, 환경성과 및 자원성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 녹색물류 효과관리는 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 녹색물류 전환사업은 녹색물류성과라고 할 수 있는 물류성과, 환경성과, 자원성과 및 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2017

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) which consist of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and full-power converters have become widespread in the field of renewable power systems. Generally, conventional diode bridge rectifiers have used to obtain a constant DC bus voltage from output of PMSG based wind generator. In recent years, together advanced power electronics technology, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifiers have used in WECS. PWM rectifiers are used in many applications thanks to their characteristics such as high power factor and low harmonic distortion. In general, L, LC and LCL-type filter configurations are used in these rectifiers. These filter configurations are not exactly compensate current and voltage harmonics. This study proposes a hybrid passive filter configuration for PWM rectifiers instead of existing filters. The performance of hybrid passive filter was tested via MATLAB/Simulink environment under various operational conditions and was compared with LCL filter structure. In addition, neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) was preferred to increase the performance of PWM rectifier in DC bus voltage control against disturbances because of its robust and nonlinear structure. The study demonstrates that the hybrid passive filter configuration proposed in this study successfully compensates current and voltage harmonics, and improves total harmonic distortion and true power factor.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.654-665
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• 2016

The pumping of electric power from photovoltaic (PV) farms is normally carried out using transformers, which require heavy mounting structures and are thus costly, less efficient, and bulky. Therefore, transformerless schemes are developed for the injection of power into the grid. Compared with the H4 inverter topology, the H6 topology is a better choice for pumping PV power into the grid because of the reduced common mode current. This paper presents how the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be implemented in the H6 inverter topology along with the improved sinusoidal current injected to the grid at unity power factor with the average current mode control technique. On the basis of the P&O MPPT algorithm, a power reference for the present insolation level is first calculated. Maintaining this power reference and referring to the AC sine wave of bus bars, a sinusoidal current at unity power factor is injected to the grid. The proportional integral (PI) controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are designed and implemented. The FLC outperforms the PI controller in terms of conversion efficiency and injected power quality. A simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is carried out. An experimental prototype is built to validate the proposed idea. The dynamic and steady-state performances of the FLC controller are found to be better than those of the PI controller. The results are presented in this paper.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2414-2433
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• 2019

The aim of this paper is to design a 3D laser radar prototype based on laser triangulation. The mathematical model of distance sensitivity is deduced; a pixel-distance conversion formula is discussed and used to complete 3D scanning. The center position extraction algorithm of the spot is proposed, and the error of the linear laser, camera distortion and installation are corrected by using the proposed weighted average algorithm. Finally, the three-dimensional analytic computational algorithm is given to transform the measured distance into point cloud data. The experimental results show that this 3D laser radar can accomplish the 3D object scanning and the environment 3D reconstruction task. In addition, the experiment result proves that the product of the camera focal length and the baseline length is the key factor to influence measurement accuracy.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the distribution and behaviour of atmospheric particulate metals in high-altitude area, we collected 22 aerosol samples using a high volume air sampler at Soback Mt. Meteorological Observation Station from Jan. to Nov. 1993 and analysed for metals (Al, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) with ICP/AES and ICP/MS. Although sampling site is located in high-altitude and far from local sources of atmospheric pollutants, enrichments of metals are 2 times higher than those of western coastal reural area. This fact may imply that of metallic pollutants in the coastal rural site were came from further western side (e.g. China), atmospheric metals in this study area contain the signal of metropolitan cities located in the main wind direction (NNW). Sea salts are negligible in the aerosol particle population because reference elements of sea salts (Na, Mg) are all originated from soil particles. The contents of soil particles in aerosols are highest in spring and lowest in winter. Atmospheric enriched elements (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) are diluted with soil particles, especially during the yellow sand period. The results of factor analysis suggest possibility of interpreting their chemical significance in terms of sources (soil, pollutants) and gas-particle conversion processes (formation of ammonium sulfates, ammonium nitrates and/or their mixtures).