• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

There is a growing concern in reducing greenhouse gas emissions all over the world. The U.K. has set 34% target reduction of emission before 2020 and 80% before 2050 compared to 1990 recently in Post Copenhagen Report on Climate Change. In practise, Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools have been introduced to construction industry in order to achieve this such as. However, there is clear a disconnection between costs and environmental impacts over the life cycle of a built asset when using these two tools. Besides, the changes in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) lead to a change in the way information is represented, in particular, information is being fed more easily and distributed more quickly to different stakeholders by the use of tool such as the Building Information Modelling (BIM), with little consideration on incorporating LCC and LCA and their maximised usage within the BIM environment. The aim of this paper is to propose the development of a model-based LCC and LCA tool in order to provide sustainable building design decisions for clients, architects and quantity surveyors, by then an optimal investment decision can be made by studying the trade-off between costs and environmental impacts. An application framework is also proposed finally as the future work that shows how the proposed model can be incorporated into the BIM environment in practise.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2017

In our society, consumers and enterprises work in cooperation for the continuous development and growth of society as well as construct effective and ethical measures. One of the representative examples are customercentered management activities in corporations, social responsibility activities, and sustainable ethical consumption that show consideration for the consumer's environment. The ethical consumption behavior of consumers becomes a virtuous circle that influences other consumer's ethical decision making by creating an ethical consumption culture. Furthermore, the cost and effort to solve non-ethical consumption problems can be solved. This research aims at aspiring the perception of consumer's ethical consumption and finding measures to increase ethical behavior. This paper further investigated the consumer's ethical consumption behavior, personality traits, perception of consumption society, and ethical judgements. For the research, a structured survey was conducted on 300 university students in Seoul. SPSS ver. 21.0 and AMOS ver. 18.0 programs were used for statistical data analysis. The results indicated differences in variables that influence consumer's ethical consumption behavior (fair trade, boycotts, and environmentally friendly products). In particular, it was evident that ethical judgements (such as the agent, personality traits, and perception consumption society) have different direct and non-direct influences on ethical consumption behavior. Strengthening the management of factors that influence measures that increase university student's ethical consumption behavior in direct and non-direct ways, providing education and improving information are believed effective in increasing ethical consumption behavior.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2012

This study aims to develop the 21st century eco design-based fashion products by examining Taller Flora products and presenting eco design approaches. Eco design terms were examined based on literature, and Taller Flora products were explored based on literature and websites. The following research issues were discussed. First, eco design terms are totally handled, thus defining the eco design. Second, eco design-oriented Taller Flora products are examined to explore design approaches. Eco design aims to conserve and heal the global environment with focus on a greater understanding of and interest in nature. As such, eco design is based on a new modern concept of aestheticism that seeks to minimize environmental damage caused by the three processes of production and distribution use and disposal, to take social and moral responsibilities for such activities, and to avoid hurting the environment. Taller Flora brands seek to produce products by keeping close ties with indigenous communities in various nations, and by emphasizing and embracing indigenous people's craftsmanship spirit and creativity Indigenous people use eco-friendly materials and produce products with craftsmanship spirit, and their cooperation by linking different cooperative networks is a good model for strengthening fair trade networks. These addresses the problem of expanding design work through traditional crafting. Therefore, the features of Taller Flora brands presented a new method to approach the eco fashion. The research findings are expected to help develop the eco design of fashion products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.51-70
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• 2003

In recent years, Korean rice must compete with the rice of advanced countries under Doha Development Agenda(DDA) and free Trade Agreement(FTA). Therefore we should find more active and positive solution in rice industry according to the inncreasing power of international pressure. Increasing rice production was the most important policy during the past food-deficient days, but recently, with overproduction of rice, various circulation system by the brand(price)-differentiation should be settled in a recent market of Korea. Nowadays, some advanced rice farmers and Rice Processing Complex(RPC) managers developed new brands of rice with high-quality, adding healthy materials and environment-friendly farming methods. Therefore, the future strategy of making a new brand rice should be planned including selection of rice variety, cultural and post-harvest techniques, circulation and processing methods to compete against foreign rice. And environment-friendly farming is also recommendable for food safety and differentiate from imported rice. For the purpose of successful brand-rice, the following points might be considered. Firstly, selection of good quality rice and continual development of good variety must be conducted for the differentiation of Korean rice from foreign rice. Secondly, a special contract between producer and consumer with functional-rice, organic filming-rice, specific-rice will be recommendable. Thirdly, improvement of post-harvest management and milling system are necessary for the production of differentiated-rice. Fortunately, standard of inspection, rules of description for brand-rice must be developed by a more scientific examination in order to settlement of trust for consumer. Finally, provincial or regional-representative brand rice must be settled and conducted for the development of agreement market system between producer and consumer.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2005

Our country compares with advanced nations by supply of super high speed network and information communication infra construction has gone well very. Many people by extension of on-line transaction and various internet services can exchange, or get information easily in this environment. But, virus or poisonous information used to Cyber terror such as hacking was included within such a lot of information and such poisonous information are threatening national security as well as individual's private life. There were always security and speed among a lot of items to consider networks equipment from these circumstance to now when develop and install in trade-off relation. In this paper, we present a high speed VPN Acceleration Board(VPN-AB) that balances both speed and security requirements of high speed network environment. Our VPN-AB supports two VPN protocols, IPsec and SSL. The protocols have a many cryptographic algorithms, DES, 3DES, AES, MD5, and SHA-1, etc.. The acceleration board process data packets into the system with In-line mode. So it is possible that VPN-AB processes inbound and outbound packets by 10Gbps. We use Nitrox-II CN2560 security processor VPN-AB is designed using that supports many hardware security modules and two SPI-4.2 interfaces to design VPN-AB.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.421-441
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• 2021

Fruit detection in orchards is one of the most crucial tasks for designing the visual system of an automated harvesting robot. It is the first and foremost tool employed for tasks such as sorting, grading, harvesting, disease control, and yield estimation, etc. Efficient visual systems are crucial for designing an automated robot. However, conventional fruit detection methods always a trade-off with accuracy, real-time response, and extensibility. Therefore, an improved method is proposed based on coarse-to-fine multitask cascaded convolutional networks (MTCNN) with three aspects to enable the practical application. First, the architecture of Fruit-MTCNN was improved to increase its power to discriminate between objects and their backgrounds. Then, with a few manual labels and operations, synthetic images and labels were generated to increase the diversity and the number of image samples. Further, through the online hard example mining (OHEM) strategy during training, the detector retrained hard examples. Finally, the improved detector was tested for its performance that proved superior in predicted accuracy and retaining good performances on portability with the low time cost. Based on performance, it was concluded that the detector could be applied practically in the actual orchard environment.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.493-500
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• 2018

The distribution of standing wreaths has reached about 7.1 million per year and the size of the standing wreath market is estimated to be at least 700 billion won. Among them, 20 to 30 percent are estimated to be reused, resulting in damage to flowerfarms' sales of 110 to 160 billion won per year. Due to the unique characteristics of conventional 3-tier standing wreaths in terms of transportation and installation, companies that lack design expertise have monopolized local distribution markets, and the issue of illegally using standing wreaths has been raised. These issues have highlighted the need for developing new designs and establishing a distribution system to expand the consumption of flowers. This study was carried out to identify consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths and the current systems introduced to prevent the distribution of reused standing wreaths such as the real-name standing wreath production system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths. The results of a consumer survey showed that consumers' perception of reused standing wreaths has been high and that reused standing wreaths need to be actively regulated to establish fair trade order and protect consumers' rights. Although the effectiveness of the real-name system, the authenticity certificate system, and new standing wreaths was found to be insufficient, the introduction of these systems was essential and necessary for continuous promotion through broadcasting media.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-40
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• 2003

The objective of this paper is to formulate strategies and action programs for developing sustainable agriculture in Korea. There is increasing evidence that agriculture has been preoccupied with increasing productivity much to the detriment of environmental degradation. The issue of increasing agricultural productivity so as not to undermine the environment is a difficult task. In reality, there are many definitions of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, sustainable agriculture is defined by its ability to ensure future supplies of agricultural products at acceptable economic and environmental costs to the society. Sustainable agriculture development refers to the optimal level of interaction among the three dimensions - the environmental, the economic and the social - through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-off. In order to formulate the strategies for developing sustainable agriculture, three stage approaches such as strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation are employed. The basic framework for strategies of sustainable agriculture development consists of five steps such as vision, targets, principles, action plan and policy instruments. The major action plans for activating formulated strategies are suggested as integrating agricultural and environmental policy measures, establishing the system of optimal agri-environmental resources management practices, establishing safe and high quality product system and its effective marketing system, increasing the R&D investment for developing sustainable agro-technology, developing indicators for measuring sustainable agricultural development, and taking a share in related roles for all parties including farmers, consumers, policy makers, researchers and NGOs.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.50-61
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• 2022

This work demonstrates the design and evaluation of Aqua-Aware, a lightweight miniaturized light emitting diode (LED) based underwater compact sensor node which is used to obtain different characteristics of the underwater environment. Two optical sensor nodes have been designed, developed, and evaluated for a short and medium link range called as Aqua-Aware short range (AASR) and Aqua-Aware medium range (AAMR), respectively. The hardware and software implementation of proposed sensor node, algorithms, and trade-offs have been discussed in this paper. The underwater environment is emulated by introducing different turbulence effects such as air bubbles, waves and turbidity in a 4-m water tank. In clear water, the Aqua-Aware achieved a data rate of 0.2 Mbps at communication link up to 2-m. The Aqua-Aware was able to achieve 0.2 Mbps in a turbid water of 64 NTU in the presence of moderate water waves and air bubbles within the communication link range of 1.7-m. We have evaluated the luminous intensity, packet success rate and bit error rate performance of the proposed system obtained by varying the various medium characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 1988

This is a close relationship between energy consumption and the way in which we develop and manage our regions. This study has estimated and compared energy requirements for the journey to work, resulting from alternative population and employment growth patterns in a rural-urban regional settlement of Korea. The broad scope of work was as follows: i) Select the study area ii) Formulate alternative growth patterns iii) Develop the Hansen and double-constrained gravity model iv) Application of Vogel's approximation method and the developed Hansen and gravity model to the case study area. v) Analyze the relationship between spatial structure, transport energy-requirements and environmental pollution. At issue here is the trade-off between air pollution averages and variations. Policies concentrating manufacturing industry and other regional facilities, for instance, may indeed reduce average pollution levels at the benefit of less-car miles, thus, reducing auto pollution, in the region, but increase local pollution peaks.