• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2007

The people who lived in Fujian district along the south-eastern coast of China long ago began to construct ships and go fishing. For this reason, they grasped sound navigation skills and gained rich navigation experience. These skills and experience laid basis for the following large-scale overseas trade. In the Tang dynasty, with the development of economy, the people who lived in Fujian district started to leave home town and engage in overseas trade. In the Song dynasty and the Yuan dynasty, with the fast development of overseas communication, more and more Fujian maritime merchants, navigating the Fujian ships which were safe, fast and could arrive at destination on time, engaged in overseas trade. The Fujian ships made it possible for the Fujian maritime merchants to shorten trade time, catch business opportunity, level up the chance of success in trade and make full use of capital. As a result of this, Fujian maritime merchants gained fast development and they reached far areas such as eastern Asia, south-eastern Asia, southern Asia, and eastern Africa. This study deals with the issues such as the reasons for the development of Fujian maritime merchants, the trade engaged in by Fujian maritime merchants, the Fujian ships which played a decisive role in the overseas trade of Fujian maritime merchants.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.71
• /
• pp.267-296
• /
• 2016

National Competency Standards (NCS) is the knowledge, technology and attitude a country has organized by its industry sectors and levels to necessary to fulfill the duties in the industrial filed. NCS has been standardized in the national dimension to successfully execute the duties of the industrial site. Currently, many universities of South Korea have opened courses on trade practices however, these courses are not consistent in the execution of criteria and unit of export-import management competency of the NCS and not established well-balanced. This study explains the concepts and structure of the NCS, analyzes the execution criteria and unit of export-import management competency of the NCS and presents the subjects that need to be reinforced or established in the future based on the current status of the curriculum. Departments of Trade practices need to recognize the changes in the trading environment, boldly straighten the existing subjects which overlap or do not conform to changes by using the NCS skills analysis and establish new courses that match for the era to recover original competitiveness of Trade Department.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2020

The study of environmental pollution plays an important role in controlling emissions in the production activities of FDI enterprises as well as export goods. Vietnam is a country with a large proportion of FDI contribution and high export value. Therefore, there should be studies to assess the actual effects of FDI and the openness of the economy (trade) on the environment. Therefore, the authors conduct research on the role of FDI and trade on environmental quality in Vietnam. With data collected from 1990 to 2018 (from the period of Vietnam's economy opening up) through the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model, the results show that FDI has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in the short term but has no impact on the long-term (In this study, CO2 is considered to represent environmental quality). The trade has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in both the short term and long term. The results of the study show the actual shortcomings of FDI as well as production activities in the export enterprises in Vietnam. From the results of this research, the author also provides the causes and remedies to control of CO2 emissions from two activities of foreign direct investment and trade.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.231-246
• /
• 2019

Circumvention refers to the situation in which exporters try to circumvent import restrictions by setting up factories in third countries and assembling and producing parts locally. Circumvention dumping eliminates the impacts of existing anti-dumping measures, and major countries are introducing anti-circumvention dumping laws to address this problem. If the act of the exporting country is recognized as a circumvention dumping activity, anti-dumping duties are applied retroactively to the imported goods or components. Evasion is an act of importation that results in the reduction or non-application of cash deposits, securities, or anti-dumping or countervailing duties, in a manner that is substantive or false, substantive or omission. In this article, we reviewed the contents and examples of the anti-circumvention measures by the US Department of Commerce (DOC), the International Trade Commission (ITC), and the Anti-Evasion measures by the CBP. The CBP examples show how much inference can be made about which parts of the CBP's investigations, and in what ways. The enactment of the EAPA created an environment in which the role of the CBP was directly guaranteed, and it was possible to apply adverse inferences to those who did not respond to requests for information, resulting in stronger CBP's authority. Therefore, it is advisable for Korea to examine the introduction of domestic laws, such as the bypass anti-dumping system, in order to cope with unfair trade practices that undermine and neutralize the effects of anti-dumping measures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.1339-1346
• /
• 2006

This thesis outlines a preparation plan for e-Trade business service regarding tendency development in super-highway information network including internet, cable, and wireless communication. It also explains two perspectives in e-Trade market: changes of circumstances and consumerism, and revitalization devices of Von(Voice over Internet Protocol) service technology for creating new market in rapidly changing IP(Internet Protocol) environment. Plus it illustrates what core competence and progress business organizations must have in current situation, forecasts turns of future e-Trade market, and analyzes technological applications of VoIP service in an extended viewpoint of corporate strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.17-33
• /
• 2003

The explosive growth of the internet-based transactions requires not only a secure payment system but also an appropriate trust measuring methodology and secure transaction protocols to guarantee the minimal risk for the transacting entities involved in specific transactions. Especially, in internet auction systems where either buyers or sellers or both can be more than one in one transaction, providing those systems that make sure no one transacting entity takes a major risk becomes critical. In this paper, an improved trust measuring method using a relationship-based internet community for an auction system is proposed. The proposed system incorporates fuzzy set and calculation concepts to help build trust matrices and models, which is used to measure the level of risk involved in a specific auction trade concerned. Also, to optimize the auction trade process in terms of cost and time, the proposed system recommends a differentiated trade protocol according to the risk level involved in each auction trade. To test the appropriateness of the proposed trusted auction system, a prototype system has been developed under a Windows-NT environment.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.127-142
• /
• 2021

The Pohang Youngilman Port is the only international trade port in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region, but its cargo throughput has been stagnated since its opening. Finding out ways to revitalize the port has been a big issue in the region, taking its potential business effects on the surrounding areas into consideration. This study, therefore, aimed to critically evaluate the government policies and empirically analyze business environments of the Pohang Youngilman Port as a fundamental to reach solutions for its revitalization. The policy evaluation showed that there are discrepancies in viewing contexts, implementations and mechanisms of the port at each government level, which resulted in implementing various but inconsistent solutions. Also, the interview results were analyzed to point out the fundamental problems, such as limited cargo volume due to weak hinterland development, lack of shuttle shipping between Busan New Port and Pohang Youngilman Port, and lack of large shippers to diverse the shipping network. This study has academic and managerial implications in suggesting measures for facilitation of the Pohang Youngilman Port by amalgamating various viewpoints of governments and stakeholders, which can be used for policy development as well as practical solutions for the port.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.72
• /
• pp.115-137
• /
• 2016

Trade can be greatly influenced by the change of international trade environment due to the characteristics of remote transactions. Furthermore, in the circumstance of emphasizing the national security again, the importance of the risk management of special materials has been increasing. As it was noted at Chapter 4, significant results such as the threat of enterprises' sustainable growth can be occurred when companies are related to the unlawful export of strategic materials or experience discouragement of export of main products. As the decision of strategic materials greatly depend on a specialized knowledge there is a possibility of misjudgement of strategic materials in terms of ordinary companies which is not accustomed to them. Furthermore risk management is more difficult due to the inclusion to the items of export license. To prepare such a risk of export of strategic materials, firstly, it should be checked to find whether counter traders are working in the industry which is not related to the spread of weapons of mass destruction, secondly, an appropriate process shall be designed and operated for products to be safely delivered to the trade counter. Therefore, our export enterprises have to introduce CP(Compliance Program), AEO or ISO28000 considering suitability for their actual situations not only to promote export and but also to avoid risk of export control and additional expenses. Through these appropriate processes, an efficient and effective management of the trade risk of strategic materials can be accomplished.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.151-168
• /
• 2019

This study aims to investigate the determinants that can influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Compared to some of the determinants that have been investigated by other scholars before, this study also includes a new approach to mobile food-ordering that has only appeared within the Chinese fast-food industry in recent years. It is very important to test if the convenience of mobile ordering services can influence customer satisfaction, as more and more customers are using mobile apps to order food, especially in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era. Research data mostly was collected from customers who visited one of five famous Western fast-food restaurants (KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Subway, and Burger King) in China. The results show that not only price, service quality, food quality, and the physical environment can significantly affect customer satisfaction but also the convenience of mobile ordering services, a new determinant accompanied by the fast development of IoT technology.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.143-168
• /
• 1994