• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

This study is to propose the basic data for deciding remodeling of wornout educational facilities. In order of it, the indoor environmental standard, the actual conditions of thermal environment and sound insulation of walls were examined through field measurement in the subjected open elementary school(J school) and modernization model of elementary school(Y school) which they are located in Seoul. As the result, standard for indoor environmental factors of educational facilities which is established by Ministry of Education is not subdivided into indoor environmental performances considering usages and characteristics of classrooms for comfortable indoor environment. The vertical temperature difference in general classroom and in open classroom showed to be $11.2^{\circ}C$ and $12.1^{\circ}C$ respectively, while indoor temperature of special classroon was, on the whole, higher than that of any other classroom due to its specific heat flux of wall materials. The sound insulation performance of the masonry brick wall of classroom satisfied the minimum standard of AIJ, Architectural Institute of Japan, in the open elementary school and the modernization model of elementary school. That is to say, the movable partition wall between the classroom and the corridor disturbed students in their class in the open school.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.276-287
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• 2013

Domestic sewage contains increasingly more pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), due to rising use of medicines, health supplement food and daily necessities. And various types of industrial wastewater from pollution sources in treatment areas could flow into the public sewerage treatment plants (PSTPs) in metropolitan areas. The conventional PSTPs are designed to treat suspended solids, biodegradable organics, nitrogen and phosphorous from residential and industrial areas and public facilities. However, toxic, conventional, and non-coventional pollutants from non-domestic sources that discharge into sewer system as well as domestic source with various chemicals could not be treated in the conventional PSTPs and discharged untreated to public basin. In this paper we aim to consider the establishment system of effluent standard of PSTPs in comparison with water quality standard of water environment and wastewater discharge regulation. And also we suggest the necessity of regulations on the pretreatment of industrial wastewater as part of efforts to improve water quality in sewerage systems and to protect public basin.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 1991

Particle Induce X-Ray Emission (PIXE) analysis is one of the most useful methods which can determine the elemental concentration of aerosol particles in nano-gram range. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the measurement system and the procedure of PIXE analysis. The standard samples were prepared to calibrate the PIXE analysis by three different techniques. The linear relationships between the peak counts from PIXE spectra and the mass density from RBS spectra were obtained for each standardized element under the applied measurment geometry and conditions. The sensitivity curves for PIXE analysis were determined from these relationships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.395-399
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• 1997

An international standard for the product model data, STEP, and a standard for the distributed object technology. CORBA, will play a very important role in the future manufacturing environment. These two technologies provide background for the sharing of product data and the integration of applications on the network. This paper describes a prototype CAD/CAE enviroment that is integrated on the network by STEP and CORBA. Several application servers and client software were developed to verify the proposed concept.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.563-572
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify blood and body fluids exposure, and factors influencing compliance with standard precautions among nurses. Participants consisted of 144 nurses in three general hospitals located in C province. Data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of awareness, compliance, safety environment and attitude toward standard precautions. A total of 40.3% of participants had been injured by syringes or sharp tools that had already been used for patients within the last 1 year 1.01 times. Moreover, 22.9% of participants had been exposed to blood and body fluid of patients 1.06 times within the last 1 year. The mean score for compliance with standard precautions was lower than its awareness. There was a significant correlation between compliance and awareness and a safe environment. Multiple regression revealed an adjusted $R^2$ of 0.166 with the awareness score serving as the major predictor variable for compliance of standard precautions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to apply to systemic and continuous education regarding standard precautions and to foster a safe environment to enhance nurses' compliance with standard precautions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

In the previous test, the verification of the standard floor impact source was carried out comparing the physical characteristics with living impact sources. The result was appeared the validation of the standard impact source was very low because of differences of physical characteristics. This study aims to evaluate annoyance and loudness of standard impact source which is used for the measurement of floor impact sound, and to compare the annoyance and loudness of living impact sources which are produced in real life. The impact sources considered are tapping machine, tire and impact ball as standard sources, and nine real sources which were chosen from the existing researches. The result showed differences of annoyance and loudness between standard impact sources and living impact sources, which means the standard impact sources may rate the performance of floor system inappropriately. In the future, the rating method should be examined how the standard impact sources are similar with real sources in the point of rating the performance of floor system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.100-113
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• 2007

In Korea, there has been no revegetation applicable standard for slopes formed by road construction work up to now, so revegetation work has been done using mostly foreign varieties in the manner of early revegetation. However, foreign varieties have some shortcomings; for example, they tend to be dried to death after construction work. Besides, due to the rift in the supporting soil, these revegetated varieties are often displaced from the slopes. Thus, the Ministry of Construction & Transportation on July, 2005 established revegetation standard on the slopes suited for the natural eco-system of Korea and organized positively recommending directions for using self-sewn plants growing near the slopes in overall consideration of soil, weather, regional conditions. The locations specified in this direction are the slopes at the road construction jobsite like the expressway, highways, and local roads. In addition, the Ministry's standard and directions stipulated that damaged slopes's natural environment and eco-system due to various road construction work should be restored, and thus a feeling of stability and pleasantness should be provided to road users as well. Also, the Ministry tried to select seed plants and revegetation measures suited for surrounding environment to put the environment-friendly slope revegetation measures into practice through the test revegetation work in order to prevent illegal construction practices and to improve the quality of revegetation. According to the direction, revegetation districts aimed at the slopes are divided into three ones in consideration of weather environment, regional environment, and forest environment as follows : national territory's core ecological green-land based district centering on the Taebaek Mountains; coastal ecosystem district including islands off the coast; inland eco-system district. The combination of revegetation plants according to environment revegetation districts, should be executed by dividing into herb-oriented type, woody plant colony type, and bio-species versatility restoration type, and the selection of seeding plants should be done in the presence of a supervisor and through test construction results and technology counseling from a specialist in natural eco-system restoration and revegetation measure seed combination standard according to environment revegetation districts. This direction will be executed in the manner of monitoring until the yea 2008 and 2009 it will be finalized and enforced on December, 2009.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2018

Objectives: The study examined indoor air quality during daytime and commute times in underground parking lots in five apartments located in northern Gyeonggi province. Methods: This study examined the temporal characteristics of $PM_{10}$, $CO_2$, CO, HCHO and VOCs in the indoor air quality of the underground parking lots in five apartments. Results: $PM_{10}$ concentration in daytime were ranged from 37.4 to $69.9{\mu}g/m^3$ which complied with the indoor air quality maintenance standard ($200{\mu}g/m^3$) and Gyeonggi province ordinance standard ($180{\mu}g/m^3$). However $PM_{10}$ concentrations in commuting time were in range of $447.3{\sim}944.0{\mu}g/m^3$ that exceeded for both criteria. The $CO_2$, CO and HCHO concentrations complied with the standard. The VOCs indicated high tendency in the order of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and benzene. This tendency was more apparent in commuting time than daytime. Conclusion: All indoor parking lots of five apartments were equipped with ventilators. However the most apartment residents did not operate blowers to save electricity and the lack of interest for indoor air quality. In order to improve the indoor air quality of underground parking lots in apartment, operating ventilation system during commuting time is recommended.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-124
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• 2012

Because the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (Korea-U.S. FTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have an overlapping contracting party, the United States, their provisions have much in common. The investment chapters of these agreements, especially, show many similarities, and thanks to these similarities, it is likely that the Korea-U.S. FTA arbitration tribunal for investor-state disputes regarding the environment will put great weight on the NAFTA tribunals' interpretations of those similar provisions. Since the NAFTA tribunals have already handled many environment-related arbitration cases, their interpretations will help heighten the predictability of environment-related Korea-U.S. FTA arbitration cases. This paper analyzes the environment-related NAFTA cases in which the tribunal has issued an award, which are the Metalclad case, S.D. Myers case, Waste Management case, Methanex case, Glamis Gold case, and Chemtura case. According to this analysis, the most controversial NAFTA provisions have been Article 1102 (national treatment), Article 1105 (minimum treatment standard, fair and equitable treatment), and Article 1110 (expropriation). The NAFTA tribunals applied the requirement of these articles in a strict manner, reducing the possibility of finding a violation. After the aforementioned analysis, this paper proceeds to compare the national treatment, minimum treatment standard (fair and equitable treatment), and expropriation provisions of the Korea-U.S. FTA and NAFTA and to predict the impact that the environment-related awards under NAFTA can have on environment-related Korea-U.S. FTA cases. It is expected that the NAFTA interpretations of the national treatment and minimum treatment provisions are likely be used as they are, but not the interpretations of expropriation, because of the differences in the expropriation provisions of the two agreements.