• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.524-530
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• 2015

In this study, I present solutions to properly regulate assembly and demonstration at sea which has not been relatively secured and regulated compared to that of on land and inland waters so it may not violate public safety and order, and at the same time to secure it as a basic human right. Firstly, to protect and regulate in the same way with assembly and demonstration on land, I suggest to make amendments to "Law on Assembly and Demonstration" so that Korea Coast Guard Station can accept applications and administrator maritime assembly and demonstration. Secondly, in special cases where there are difficulties in the application of "Law on Assembly and Demonstration" due to the special maritime environment, following the example of Japan, America and England who have regulations in related special laws, I suggest an legislative alternative to add regulations on maritime assembly and demonstration in "Law on Maritime Guard" so that we can administer maritime assembly and demonstration in a way which there should be no conflict between basic human right of people and conservation of public safety.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between the time taken and the characteristics of touch key for touch-screen-based in-vehicle information system (IVIS) and to suggest a new Fitts' law formula that is added a driving speed parameter. Many studies already have shown that Fitts' law is well fitted in various devices for primary tasks, but there is no study of Fitts' law for secondary task in dual-task situation. Fitts' law may not be applied to the secondary task as it is, because the secondary task performance can be affected by the amount of attention for the primary task. To verify this, we carried out an experiment that showed whether pointing task to touch-screen-based IVIS during driving is affected by driving speeds or not. In the experiment, 30 people were volunteered for participants and the participants carried out driving task and pointing task on the screen of IVIS simultaneously. We measured the time to point a touch key on IVIS for every condition (3 driving speeds${\times}5$ touch key sizes${\times}7$ distances between steering wheel and touch key). As a result, there was an effect of driving speed on the pointing time. As we extended the index of difficulty of the conventional Fitts' law formula by incorporating driving speed, we established an extended Fitts' law formula for pointing on IVIS, which showed better accordance with dual task situation. This study can be evidence that secondary task performance is affected by degree of concentration on primary task, and the extended Fitts' law formula can be useful to design interfaces of IVIS.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.359-367
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• 2003

The total pollution load management system of watershed has been implemented upon Special Law pertaining to the Han River Watershed Water Quality Improvement and Residents Support, Special Law pertaining to the Nakdong River Watershed Water Management and Residents Support, Special Law pertaining to the Youngsan River Watershed Water Management and Residents Support, and Special Law pertaining to the Seomjin River Watershed Water Management and Residents Support in Korea since 2002. But many other similar systems with total pollution load management system of watershed are being operated separately or independently, even though its purpose is nearly same with those of the total maximum pollutants load management in Law on Water Quality Environmental Protection, environmental impact assessment(EIA) in Law of Impact Assessment on Environment, Transportation and Disaster and Pre-environmental assessment of Environmental Policy Act. Therefore the contents of total pollution load management system of watershed and many other related systems could be overlapped and at some times have inconsistency among them. This study suggests first the integrated operation of total pollution load management system of watershed, EIA, pre-environmental assessment, urban planning, and sewage planning and secondly EIA system development by integration of EIA and pre-environmental assessment and strategic environmental assessment(SEA).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.801-808
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• 2008

As Home Network facilities are more enlarging on the basis of a Certification system and U-City by a different operators and regional groups. In this paper, describer to the status of it's installation and promotion and arrange it's general idea and law system concept. Also, draw operation system's problems and present counterproposal through analyzing an application basis of the law systems and information-communication technical standards such as construction law, housing law, and regulation to the housing construction standard. etc. We suggest an change necessity of the law system that home network can get ready for safely, facilities, comfortability of the user's convenience.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.153-194
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• 2009

The resources of outer space are for the common exploitation of mankind, and it is a common responsibility of mankind to protect the outer space environment. With the rapid development of space science and technology, and especially with the busy space activities of some major space powers, environmental contamination or space debris is steadily increasing in quantity and has brought grave potential threats and actual damage to the outer space environment and human activities in space. Especially We must mitigate and seek out a solution to remove space debris which poses a threat directly to man's exploitation and use of outer space activities in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and in the Geostationary Orbit (GEO), through international cooperation and agreement in the fields of space science, economics, politics and law, in order to safeguard the life and property of mankind and protect the earth's environment. While the issue of space debris has been the subject of scientific study and discussion for some time now, it has yet to be fully addressed within the context of an international legal framework. During the earlier stages of the space age, which began in the late 1950s, the focus of international lawmakers and diplomats was the establishment of basic rules which sought to define the legal nature of outer space and set out the parameters for space activities and the nature and scope of activities carried out in outer space were quite limited. Consequently, environmental issues and the risks that might arise from the generation of space debris did not receive priority attention within the context of the development international space law. In recent years, however, the world has seen dramatic advances in technology and increases in the type and number of space-related activities which are being carried out. In addition, the number of actors in this field has exploded from two highly developed States to a vast array of different States, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, including private industry. Therefore, the number of artificial objects in the near-Earth space is continually increasing. As has been previously mentioned, COPUOS was the entity that created the existing five treaties, and five sets of legal Principles, which form the core of space law, and COPUOS is clearly the most appropriate entity to oversee the creation of this regulatory body for the outer space environmental problem. This idea has been proposed by various States and also at the ILA Conference in Buenos Aires. The ILA Conference in Buenos Aires produced an extensive proposal for such a regulatory regime, dealing with space debris issues in legal terms This article seeks to discuss the status of international law as it relates to outer space environmental problem and space debris and indicate a course of action which might be taken by the international community to develop a legal framework which can adequately cope with the complexity of issues that have recently been recognized. In Section Ⅱ,Ⅲ and IV of this article discuss the current status of international space law, and the extent to which some of the issues raised by earth and space environment are accounted for within the existing United Nations multilateral treaties. Section V and VI discuss the scope and nature of space debris issues as they emerged from the recent multi-year study carried out by the ILA, Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space ("COPUOS") as a prelude to the matters that will require the attention of international lawmakers in the future. Finally, analyzes the difficulties inherent in the future regulation and control of space debris and the activities to protect the earth's environment. and indicates a possible course of action which could well provide, at the least, a partial solution to this complex challenge.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea did not have direct legislation on natural environmental conservation until the early 1970s when the regime was still in the early stage. The Law on Land was enacted in 1977 to provide the legal basis for protecting the natural environment, including land protection, protection zones, and forest formation and protection. The enactment of the Law on Environmental Protection in 1986 made progress on environmental conservation in the DPRK. The constitutional amendment in 1992 stipulated "the preservation and creation of the natural environment as the responsibility of the state." Based on the Framework Law on Environmental Protection, subordinate statutes in various fields were enacted after the1990s. While the committee designated and managed the protected zones in the early days, the Framework Law on Environmental Protection established the ground for the designation of legally protected areas, and the Law on Protection of Scenic Spots and Natural Monuments enacted in 1995, and the Law on Environmental Protection enacted in 2009 provided the details. Furthermore, the types of nature reserves include biosphere reserves, primeval forest reserves, animal reserves, plant reserves, and scenic reserves. The 2nd National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan established in 2007 based on the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) stated 326 protected zones in the DPRK. However, the 2018 United Nations list of Protected Areas shows only 31 registered zones, indicating the need to establish basic information on protected areas in DPRK. This study can provide basic information for a better understanding of the nature conservation system in the DPRK. Considering that environmental protection activities such as protection of endangered species and recovery of environmental pollution are subject to exceptions under the current sanctions against North Korea (UN Security Council, the United States), it will be possible to contribute to identifying possible inter-Korean cooperation projects in the field of the natural environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2000

An experiment was designed to evaluate Fitts' law for the three-dimensional virtual pointing task and to compare the three input devices; Spaceball, Spacemouse, and 3D-Mouse. The result showed that Fitts law fitted poorly for the three-dimensional pointing tasks with relatively low coefficients of determinant. Three reasons, high degree-of-freedom, dynamic egocentric viewpoint change, and clutching problem were discussed to explain the poor fitness of Fitts' law. In terms of device comparison, the 3D-Mouse was superior to the other input devices. Also, the stereoscopic display significantly increased the performance. The results of this study can be used for the design of virtual control tasks and the selection of suitable input devices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to propose the policies for preservation, formation and management of Korean rural landscape. For this, the current rural landscape policies are examined and recent legislative changes are also surveyed. The Landscape Law and the Comprehensive Countermeasures for Rural Landscape Improvement are the most significant changes. The proposed issues are as follows: 1. the establishment of rural landscape planning system, 2. the arrangement of the criteria and guideline for rural landscape planning and design, 3. the re-arrangement of the rural landscape index and landscape map, 4. the survey and management of the rural landscape amenity, 5. the revitalization of the landscape projects for rural area, 6. the pragmatic connection with other law and system(especially the Landscape Law), 7. the education and cultivation of the rural landscape expert groups.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.143-168
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• 2009

International Factoring transaction in Korea is different from that of financially advanced countries in terms of legal system and commercial and financial practices. As for the domestic factoring, Korean factors are only involved in advances often on a with recourse basis. With regard to the international factoring, Korean factors do not accommodate whole account receivables from clients (suppliers) but handle on a selective basis. Among Korean banks, KEXIM (Export and Import Bank of Korea) is sole factor for international transactions. Currently KEXIM and several foreign banks handle factoring provide factoring services with limitation to invoice discounting which is largely extended to large corporate names. Therefore this is far different from factoring in Europe and Americas designed for small exporters with non recourse advances. In respect of legal environment, receivable assignment is subject to debtor' acknowledge or approval of such assignment according to Civil Law Act. To remove the legal obstacles, Korean government have prepared new law which allows factor's own notification of assignment (and thereby reimbursement right) to debtor with some evidences.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.53-74
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• 1999

This study aimed at exploring new directions for revision of the Rural Development Law. Research and development for environmentally friendly agricultural technologies and localization of the extension offices and staffs were some of the important challenges to agricultural extension services in Korea. The study suggested new directions for revision of the Rural Development Law should consider new development and environmental concerns of agricultural sciences, and needs of farmers, local and central government. Some of major focus of the revised Rural Development Law should include the following; 1) Rural development programs should cover extended areas of newly developed concerns and target groups, 2) County and city administration should provide proper administrative and financial support for local agricultural extension center. 3) Areas for agricultural research and development should be extended to meet the needs of newly developed technologies and sustainable environment system at local level, 4) Monitoring and evaluation of extension efforts should be performed annually to support financially and to strengthen proper systematic linkage between national and local extension services.