• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study were to analyze the muscle activities and the characteristics of muscle recruting patterns of lower limb for crouching start technique using four elite splint. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activities of both right and left sides of retus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius. Eight surface electrodes were placed on the surface of the selected muscles and one ground electrode was also attached on the back of neck(C7). One video camera was also used to record the crouching start motion to define 6 events and 5 phases for further analysis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter(10-350) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered(4Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. This filter EMG data were normalized to MVIC for the purpose of comparison between right and left sides muscle. The results of this study were as follows. All four subjects showed that vastus medialis muscle activity was comparatively higher than those of retus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius. And left side of muscle activity was comparatively higher than right side of muscle activity. Therefore, when the subjects starting out crouching start position, we recognized that the muscle of lower limb showed interaction effect by each muscle.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.627-637
• /
• 2022

다양한 크기 유역에 대한 극한 홍수 규모 산정은 대규모 하천유량 자료를 필요로 한다. 하지만, 중소규모 유역의 경우 관측 지점의 부족으로 인해 하천유량 자료가 부족하다. 본 연구는 하천 유량 확장방법(Streamflow Propagation Method: SPM)과 비홍수량(specific flood distribution) 분석법을 적용하여 측정값이 없는 중소 규모 유역에 대한 하천유량 자료를 생성하여 극한 홍수 규모의 범위를 평가하고 일반화를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 충주댐(CJD), 섬진댐(SJD), 안동댐(ADD)의 미계측 중소규모 유역을 연구지역으로 선정하였다. 비홍수량의 범위는 유역의 크기가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 같은 크기 유역의 경우 유역의 크기와 지형에 따라서 비홍수량의 범위가 다양해질 수 있음을 보였다. 비홍수량의 최대와 최소치의 경향성을 비교하기 위해 다양한 포락선(Creager-, Kovacs-, and Francou-Rodier Envelop Curves; and Korean Specific Flood Method)을 활용하였는데, Creager곡선이 비홍수량 규모 대표성을 잘 나타내었다. 하지만, 3개 유역 자료를 통합 후 만들어낸 일반화 포락선식의 경우 Creager 폭락선보다 정확한 대표성을 나타내었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2011

This paper examines the dynamic characteristics of a human carpal muscle through theoretical analysis and experiment. The carpal muscle was modeled as a 1-DOF vibration system and vibration response due to a ramp function force was calculated. The electromyogram signal corresponding to the muscle excitation force was measured, and the excitation force function of an envelope curve from the electromyogram signal was extracted. The ramp input function of electrical stimulation to the carpal muscle was applied by using a device for functional electrical stimulation, and the angular displacements corresponding to steady state response were measured. Theoretical calculations of the vibration response displacements were compared with the experimental results of the angular displacements, and have shown a good agreement with the result that is linearly proportional to the excitation force magnitude. As a result, the relationship between the input current of the electrical stimulation and the excitation force magnitude was inferred. The result was shown that it can be applied to develop rehabilitation training devices.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.95-112
• /
• 2012

In order to analyze the experimental hysteretic behavior of the in-plane loaded reinforced grouted multi-ribbed aerated concrete blocks masonry walls (RGMACBMW), we have carried out the pseudo static testing on the six specimens of RGMACBMW. Based on the test results and shear failure characteristics, the shear force hysteretic curves and displacement envelope curves of the models were obtained and discussed. On the basis of the hysteretic curves a general skeleton curve of the shear force and displacement was formed. The restoring model was adopted to analyze the seismic behavior and earthquake response of RGMACBMW. The deformation capacity of the specimens was discussed, and the formulas for calculating the lateral stiffness of the walls at different loading stages were proposed as well. The average lateral displacement ductility factor of RGMACBMW calculated based on the test results was 3.16. This value illustrates that if the walls are appropriately designed, it can fully meet the seismic requirement of the structures. The quadri-linear restoring models of the walls degradation by the test results accurately reflect the hysteretic behaviors and skeleton curves of the masonry walls. The restoring model can be applied to the RGMACBMW structure in earthquake response analysis.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.293-302
• /
• 2019

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study were to analyze the muscle activities and the characteristics of muscle recruiting patterns of upper trunk for Ssirum dutguri technique using three top-ranked elite Ssirum players. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activities of both right and left sides of latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and erector spinae. Six surface electrodes were placed on the surface of the selected muscles and one ground electrode was also attached on the back of neck(C7). One video camera was also used to record the Ssirum motion to define 4 events and 3 phases for further analysis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter (50-400 Hz) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered (4 Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. This filtered EMG data were normalized to MVIC for the purpose of comparion between the subjects. The results were indicated that each subject with different physical characteristics showed very different muscle activity patterns. Although Ssirum dutguri is considered as foot technique the player grasped opponent's satba(belt) with both hands when they play. Because of this reason, activities of upper trunk muscles were relatively high. However, direct comparison between upper and lower body muscles was not possible due to the lack of the data in present study. Interestingly, all threes subjects showed that erector spinae muscle activity was comparatively higher than those of latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii. This implies to reinforce back muscle as a routine of training to improve performance or to prevent back injury.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2023

반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 부재는 이력거동이 진행됨에 따라 강성과 강도의 저하 그리고 핀칭현상 등으로 인하여 에너지소산 능력이 감소된다. 그러나 지침서 「철근콘크리트 건축구조물의 성능기반 내진설계를 위한 비선형해석모델, 2021」에서는 각 부재별로 모든 이력단계별 단일한 에너지소산계수를 산정하도록 하고 있어 이력단계에 따른 에너지소산능력의 감소를 고려할 수 없을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복하중을 받는 일반보에 대한 기존 실험결과와 비선형시간이력해석 결과를 비교하여 이력단계에 따른 에너지소산계수를 고찰하였다. 에너지소산계수는 비선형시간이력해석 결과로 구한 이상화된 탄소성거동 에너지 소산량에 대한 실제 실험체의 에너지소산량의 비로써 산출하였다. 기존 실험결과는 1회 Cycle을 각 이력단계별로 산정하여 에너지소산계수를 도출하였으며, 지침서 내 비선형모델링 과정을 토대로 에너지소산계수를 도출하였다. 기존 실험연구에선 각 이력단계(Y-L-R)를 설정하여 에너지소산계수를 구하였으며, 에너지소산계수는 Y-L구간 0.36, L-R구간 0.28로 나타났고, 지침서 에너지소산계수는 0.31로 나타났다. 이는 지침서의 에너지소산계수 산정식이 철근콘크리트 부재의 에너지소산능력의 감소를 나타내지 못하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.27-44
• /
• 1986

기초 구조물 설계에 있어서 지지력 및 압밀 침하량 산정식을 각각 단일 모우드 거동함수(perfor trance function)로 설정하여 실측된 토성자초를 확률변수로 취해서 기술류계학적 분석을 기행했다. 이 분석결과로서 얕은 기초가 파괴상태에 이르렀을 때의 신뢰도와 그 때에 거동되고 있는 설계변수치(check points)를 "Advanced first-order second moment method"로 구했다. 설계변수들 사이의 관계를 무연관-정규분포, 무상관-비정규분포, 유상관-정규분포 및 유상관-비정규분포 등의 유형 으로 분류하여 신뢰도 및 설계변수치를 비교 검토하여 얻은 주요한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 지지력 모우드 1) CU test 의한 점착력과 tans사이에는 약한 음상관치 있으며, 각각 대규분포 및 대수정륜 분포를 한다. 2) 신뢰지수를 2.34로 제한했을 경우, 유상관-대수정규분포 유형의 지지력은 18.6t/m2으로서 가장 낮게 되므로, 이 이외의 유형은 지반조건을 과대평가할 우려가 있다. 2. 압밀 침하량 모우드 1) 압축비(compression ratio) 및 선행 압밀응력은 각각 정규분포 및 대수정규분포를 이루며, 이들의 상관성은 연계적 독립변수로 취급해도 좋을 만큼 매우 낮다. 2) 압밀 침하량을 확정론적 방법으로 산출한 16cm보다 더 낮게 취하면, 유상관일대수정규분포류 형의 신뇌맥가 가장 낮게 평가된다. 따라서, 얕은 기초 구조물을 신뇌도나 파괴확률을 해석하는 데 있어서, 정확한 확률밀도함수로서 복잡한 수치적분에 의한 엄밀해보다는 개략적인 확률분포형태와 비교적 쉽게 얻어지는 공분산까지를 고려하면, 기초의 지반조건이 과소평가될 우려가 없다.가될 우려가 없다.의 뽕밭에 발생한 발아불량현상의 원인은 주인이 저온에 의한 동해라고 볼 수 있으며 지역적으로는 붕소결핍에 의한 발아불량현상도 적지 않았고 특히 붕소결핍이 동해피해를 가속화시켰다고 볼 수 있다.dard deviation)were estimated, and diagram which shows the relationship between mean annual maximum rainfall($$) and frequency factor for each durations were drawn. PMP was estimated by statistical method using the PMP frequency factor obtained from the diagram and statistics($$, Sn). The PMP-Duration Equation was derived from the envelope curve in order to obtain the PMP for an arbitrary duration. The isohyetal map of 24 hours PMP and PMP. DAD curve for the whole of Korea were drawn in accordance with the point PMP values.el size는 거의 차이가 없었는데, 특히 수당영화수 및 sink용량에 대한 주연효과정도는 계통에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였다. 계통의 자체경쟁정도는 출수후보다는 출수전 생식생장기간에 더욱 심하고 계통간차이도 큰 것 같았다. 일반적으로 수당sink용량이 클수록 출수전 자체경쟁정도가 심한 경향이었으나 계통에 따라서는 수당 sink용량이 작으면서 자체경쟁도가 심한 것(수원264호 등)이