• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.7 s.238
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• pp.814-819
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• 2005

The phase change heat transfer has been applied to the processes of machines as well as of manufacturing. The cycle in a heat exchanger includes the phase change phenomena of coolant for air conditioning, the solidification in casting process makes use of the characteristics of phase change of metal, and the welding also proceeds with melting and solidification. To predict the phase change processes, the experimental and numerical approaches are available. In the case of numerical analysis, the Enthalpy method is most widely applied to the phase change problem, comparing to the other numerical methods, i.e. the Equivalent Specific Heat method and the Temperature Recovery method. It's because that the Enthalpy method is accurate and straightforward. The Enthalpy method does not include any correction step while the correction of final temperature field is inevitable in the Equivalent Specific Heat method and the Temperature Recovery method. When the temperature field is to be used in the calculation, however, there must be converting process from enthalpy to temperature in the calculation scheme of Enthalpy method. In this study, an improved method for the Equivalent Specific Heat method is introduced whose method dose not include the correction steps and takes temperature as an independent variable so that the converting between enthalpy and temperature does not need any more. The improved method is applied to the solidification process of pure metal to see the differences of conventional and improved methods.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1213-1222
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• 1999

A finite element method is developed for calculating the temperature and enthalpy distribution and accordingly the solid, liquid and mushy zone in a three-dimensional body subjected to any heat boundary conditions. The method concurrently consider both temperature and enthalpy for consideration of the latent heat effect, differently from other methods of using a special energy balance equation for solving a mushy zone. The developed brick element has eight nodes with one degree of freedom at each node. The numerical method and procedure are verified using the results of one and two dimensional analytic solutions and by other researchers. It is shown that the present method presents a consistent and stable results in either abrupt or ranged phase change problems. Moreover, the numerical results by the present method are hardly effected by the calculation time steps which otherwise are difficult to determine in most phase change problems. Finally, as a three-dimensional application, a T-shaped body of a phase change is presented and the temperature and enthalpy variation along the time are solved.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.277-282
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• 2009

A temperature equation which is derived from an enthalpy transport equation by using an assumption of a constant specific heat is very attractive for analyses of heat and fluid flows. It can be used for an analysis of a solid-fluid conjugate heat transfer, and it does not need a numerical method to find temperature from a temperature-enthalpy relation. But its application is limited because of the assumption. A new method is derived in this study, which is a temperature-explicit formulation of the energy equation. The enthalpy form of the energy equation is used in the method. But the final discrete form of the equation is expressed with temperature. It can be used for a solid-fluid conjugate heat transfer and multiphase flows. It is found by numerical tests that it is very efficient and as accurate as the standard enthalpy formulation.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 1993

An implicit finite difference formulation with three methods of latent heat treatment, such as equivalent specific heat method, temperature recovery method and enthalpy method, was applied to solidification analysis. The Neumann problem was solved to compare the numerical results with the exact solution. The implicit solutions with the equivalent specific heat method and the temperature recovery method were comparatively consistent with the Neumann exact solution for smaller time steps, but its error increased with increasing time step, especially in predicting the solidification beginning time. Although the computing time to solve energy equation using temperature recovery method was shorter than using enthalpy method, the method of releasing latent heat is not realistic and causes error. The implicit formulation of phase change problem requires enthalpy method to treat the release of latent heat reasonably. We have modified the enthalpy formulation in such a way that the enthalpy gradient term is not needed, and as a result of this modification, the computation stability and the computing time were improved.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

For windshield defrosting, flow analysis of inner room(vehicle) and heat conduction on the windshield surface are undertaken. Simulation for defrosting enthalpy method is usedand verification of heat and fluid flow analysis for room is done in cavity flow. The defrosting process is three dimensional phenomena and phase is changing. The result of defrosting analysis are well presenting the phase change and these results offer basic design data for defrosting phenomena.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1993

A numerical model for the solidification of binary mixture is proposed. Numerical model, which employs enthalpy method, is modified from Continuum model, that is, improved relation is proposed for the Enthalpy - Temperature - Concentration - Liquid Mass Fraction. One dimensional example was selected to verify the proposed model. The results show that the new relation can be applied successfully to the solidification or melting of binary mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1991

Steady-state sublimation vapour pressures of anhydrous bismuth triiodide have been measured by the torsion-effusion method from 488.8 to 570.5 K and equilibrium sublimation pressures were obtained from the steady-state data. The standard sublimation enthalpy changes derived by both second(modified sigma function) and third(average enthalpy method) law methods were 159.316${\pm}$0.055, 137.67${\pm}$1.43 kJ$.$mol-1 respectively. The standard sublmation entropy change derived by modified sigma function was 232.88${\pm}$0.10 J$.$K-1$.$mol-1. The reliable standard sublimation enthalpy change based on a correlation of {{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} H{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K) and {{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} S{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K), a recommended p(T) equation has been obtained for BiI3(cr) ; lg(p/Pa)=-(C$.$K/T)+5.071lg(T/K)-2.838${\times}$10-3(T/K)-7.758${\times}$103(K/T)2+1.4519 where C={{{{{ { TRIANGLE }`_{cr } ^{g } }} H{{{{ { 0} atop {m } }}(298.15K)/0.019146 kJ$.$mol-1}-456.27.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.14-22
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• 2000

A numerical analysis has been performed on the two-dimensional rectangular gallium melting problem using the enthalpy method. The major advantage of this method is that the physical domain is discretized with fixed grids without transforming variables and the interface conditions of phase change are accounted for the definition of suitable source terms in the governing equations. But in the fixed method, there is some ambiguity in defining the porosity constant which has no physical interpretation. If the velocity correction is included in the momentum equation, for the appropriate range of porosity constant, the realistic predictions are obtained. The object of the present work is to predict the phase change within the molten steel with thin riser slab using the modified enthalpy-porosity method. The computational procedures for predicting velocity and temperature are based on the finite volume method and the non-staggered grid system. The influence of natural convection on the melting process is considered. A comparison with the experimental results shows that the modified method is better than the previous one.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.547-551
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• 2013

Mass averaged and core enthalpy in the arc jet flow are obtained experimentally. The experiment is made for the 150kW Huels type arc-jet applying the test condition for the research of gasturbine engine injection cooling technique. The mass averaged enthalpy value determined by the sonic throat method is 5.5MJ/kg. The core enthalpy value determined by the heat transfer rate method is 14.3MJ/kg. Based on result of experiment, the ratio of the core to mass averaged enthalpies is 2.6.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.943-951
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• 1990

Steady-state sublimation vapour pressures of anhydrous bismuth triiodide have been measured by the continuous gravimetric Kundsen-effusion method from 430.0 to 558.9 K and equilibrium sublimation pressures were obtained from the steady-state data. Condensation coefficients and their temperature dependence have been derived from the effusiion measurement. Condensation coefficients ranged from 0.159 to 0.048(475 to 500K), the activation enthalpy and entropy for condensation have been obtained as -93.38kTmol-1 and -212.70JK-1mol-1. The standard sublimation enthalpy changes derived by both second(modified sigma function) and third(average enthalpy method) law methods were 138.261$\pm$0.023, 138.74$\pm$0.002kJmol-1 respectively. The standard sublimation entropy change derived by modified sigma function was 191.98$\pm$0.047 JK-1mol-1. The reliable standard sublimation enthalpy change based on a correlation of ΔgcrHom(298.15K) and ΔgcrSom(298.15K), a recommended p(T) equation has been obtained for BiI3(cr) ; 1g(p/Pa)=-C/(T/K)＋5.0711g(T/K)-2.838$\times$10-3(T/K)-7.758$\times$103(K/T)2＋1.4519 where p is in Pa, T in Kelvin, ΔgcrHom(298.15K) in kJmol-1 and C=(ΔgcrHom(298.15K)-8.7358)/1.9146$\times$10-2.