• 농업생명과학연구
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.147-157
• /
• 2010

현재 저온유통만 허가되어 있으며 저장유통기간이 짧은 게맛어묵에 레토르트 살균기술과 반응표면분석법을 도입하여 기존의 풍미나 품질에 손상됨 없이 상온유통과 장기저장이 가능한 게맛어묵을 제조하기 위하여 가열살균기술의 최적화 조건을 구명하였고, 본 레토르트 살균처리가 게맛어묵의 품질특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 반응표면분석의 독립변수는 살균량 ($F_0-value$)과 가열온도로 하였으며, 이들의 영향을 받는 가열살균 후의 품질인자, 즉 종속변수는 전단력, 백색도 및 관능적 조직감으로 나타내었다. 레토르트 살균이 게맛어묵의 품질 및 전반적인 식품성분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, $F_0-value$ 5분 이하의 가열살균에서는 $F_0-value$보다는 가열온도가 게맛어묵의 품질 변화에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, $F_0-value$ 2.6분 이상으로 가열살균할 경우 게맛어묵의 무균성이 확인되었다. 반응표면분석 program으로 설정한 레토르트 게맛어묵의 최적 가열살균조건은 전단력의 경우 가열온도는 $115.7^{\circ}C$, $F_0-value$ 3.3분, 백색도는 가열온도 $116.1^{\circ}C$, $F_0-value$ 3.8분, 그리고 관능적 조직감의 최대화 조건은 가열온도 $115.8^{\circ}C$, $F_0-value$ 3.3분이었고, 이 3가지 품질요소를 모두 고려한 multiple response optimization 반응조건은 가열온도 $117.5^{\circ}C$, $F_0-value$는 3.3분이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.216-227
• /
• 1983

As an attempt to improve the nutritional status of Korean rural pre-school children, anthropometry, clinical examination, and hematological parameters(Hb, Ht, and serum albumin) are measured. Six kinds of diet supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 20.0 mg Fe(as ferrous sulfate) were used for 10 weeks. Subjects were 349 pre- school children aged from 1 to 5 years old living in An-gam-my-on and Bong-dang-myon, Hwa-seung-goo, Kyong-gi-duo, and the supplementary diet was a product of the Model Nutritional Enterprise Factory in Wuen-sueng-goon, Gang-won- duo. The results obtained were as follows : 1) Physical development of subject children were within normal range during the feeding trial period of 9 weeks. 2) From the results of clinical examination, no children showed nutritional deficiency signs. 3) Iron free supplementary diet group( control group ) among other subject children also showed some improvement of hemoglobin level ana frequency of anemia. 4) The amount of iron fortified as supplemental diet was effective in 5.0-7.5 mg Fe per child per day, no further effect was observed by adding of more iron. 5) The values of hematocrit and serum albumin also improved by providing the supplementary diet.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권11호
• /
• pp.2460-2470
• /
• 2020

To study the thermophysical and neutronic properties of thorium-plutonium fuel, a conceptual design of a hybrid facility consisting of a subcritical Th-Pu reactor core and a source of additional D-D neutrons that places on the axis of the core is proposed. The source of such neutrons is a column of high-temperature plasma held in a long magnetic trap for D-D fusionreactions. This article presents computer simulation results of generation of thermonuclear neutrons in the plasma, facility neutronic properties and the evolution of a fuel nuclide composition in the reactor core. Simulations were performed for an axis-symmetric radially profiled reactor core consisting of zones with various nuclear fuel composition. Such reactor core containing a continuously operating stationary D-D neutron source with a yield intensity of Y = 2 × 10¹⁶ neutrons per second can operate as a nuclear hybrid system at its effective coefficient of neutron multiplication 0.95-0.99. Options are proposed for optimizing plasma parameters to increase the neutron yield in order to compensate the effective multiplication factor decreasing and plant power in a long operating cycle (3000-day duration). The obtained simulation results demonstrate the possibility of organizing the stable operation of the proposed hybrid 'fusion-fission' facility.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.39-56
• /
• 2006

This study was intended for getting information on the job satisfaction and consciousness of 305 cooks working at deluxe hotels in Busan to improve culinary arts training and an efficient man power control program. The results were as follows. Most of the cooks were males(67.2%) and less than 40 years old(85.6%), 59.5% were cooks, 67.0% were graduated from college and 74.8% earned less than 1.5 million won in a month. 39.5% had not changed their workplace. The male cooks had transferred to some other workplace more than 2 times than female ones. The higher their age, job classification and monthly income were, the more frequently they transferred their workplace. The frequency of job transfer was the most significant factor in the age of $30{\sim}39$. 37.0% of the cooks were unsatisfied with their pay. They preferred the more highly ranked hotels(36.5%) and being independent(26.0%) if transferring workplace. They thought devotion was the most important factor for good cooks. They thought efforts, skills and human relationships were important for developing cooks. They answered pay suitable for their work was an important factor to improve the food enterprise. They thought Japanese and Korean cooking had the best prospect, and qualifications for a good cook were sincerity, efforts, careers and skills.

• 식품기술
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2005

As an alternative to gaseous sanitizer which having penetrating and diffusing capacities, aerosolsanitizer’s effect on killing pathogens was investigated. To test the efficacy of aerosolized sanitizer, peroxyacetic acid was aerosolized($5.42-11.42\mum$) by nebulizer(Royal-G Enterprise, ShenZhen,China) in a model cabinet against artificially inoculated target microorganisms on lettuce. Lettuceleaves were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains each of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeriamonocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and treated with sanitizer aerosol for 10 min, 30 and60 min in a model aerosol cabinet at room temperature($22\pm2^\circC$). After treatment, surviving cellsincluding injured cells were enumerated on appropriate selective agar or using the over-lay agar method, respectively. Inoculated lettuce leaves exposed to antimicrobial aerosol for 10 min experienceda 0.8 log reduction in E. coli O157:H7, a 0.3 log reduction in Salmonella Typhimurium and a 2.5 logreduction in L. monocytogenes when compared to the control. After 30 min treatment, the threepathogens were reduced in number of CFU by 2.2, 3.3, and 2.7-log and after 60 min, the reductions were 3.4, 4.5, and 3.8-log, respectively. Aerosolization can be new antimicrobial agents deliverysystem in food sanitizing.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2006

This paper is dealing with a 6 sigma application in chemical industries. The company is enterprise which produce PR that is semiconductor material. CTQ is consisted of thickness (Big Y$_1$) and EOP (Big Y$_2$). After 6 sigma improvement activity that thickness (Big Y$_1$) improved from 0.98 sigma to 2.80 sigma and EOP (Big Y$_2$, energy optimizer) improved from 1.53 sigma to 3.98 sigma. The effectiveness of financial scope reduced 58,200,000 won of COPQ. But there are some problems to enforce 6 sigma in small enterprises. First, it is a lack of complete charge manpower enforcing S sigma activity. Second, it is a lack of professional knowledge of project leaders. Third, the passion of sponsorship (champion) is a lacking. Nevertheless useful tool was certified so that 6 sigma achieves quality reform in small enterprises.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2006

The emerging standards since 1990's can be classified as 'system standards' (process-oriented standards) and they specify the process of an enterprise and also apply to almost all industries regardless of size, type and products. Notice that the conventional specification-oriented standards present relatively clear criteria even though the structure, performance, and terminology are defined in text-based form. However, the system standards dealing with the processes do not present a coherent guide. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze them with the same viewpoint, thereby resulting in differences in the level of understanding. This study is aimed at graphically modeling the system standards originally described in text-based form. The study has been carried out in the framework of the PMTE (Process, Methods, Tools, and Environment) paradigm. The system standard targeted here is ISO/IEC 15288. Firstly, review of the literature on the systems engineering (SE) standard/process and on the graphic model IDEF0 was done, respectively, for the parts of 'E' and 'M'. Then the SE process of the MIL-STD 499B was applied to ISO/IEC 15288 as 'P'. Finally, the graphical model was generated by AI0Wins as 'T'. As a result, the graphical model-based approach can complement the drawbacks of the text-based form.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.1199-1203
• /
• 2010

Second-order rate constants ($k_N$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for Michael-type reactions of 1-(X-substituted phenyl)-2-propyn-1-ones (2a-f) with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in MeCN at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The $k_N$ value increases as the incoming amine becomes more basic and the substituent X changes form an electron-donating group (EDG) to an electron-withdrawing group (EWG). The Br${\o}$nsted-type plots are linear with ${\beta}_{nuc}$ = 0.48 - 0.51. The Hammett plots for the reactions of 2a-f exhibit poor correlations but the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plots result in much better linear correlations with ${\rho}$ = 1.57 and r = 0.46 for the reactions with piperidine while ${\rho}$ = 1.72 and r = 0.39 for those with morpholine. The amines employed in this study are less reactive in MeCN than in water for reactions with substrates possessing an EDG, although they are ca. 8 pKa units more basic in the aprotic solvent. This indicates that the transition state (TS) is significantly more destabilized than the ground state (GS) in the aprotic solvent. It has been concluded that the reactions proceed through a stepwise mechanism with a partially charged TS, since such TS would be destabilized in the aprotic solvent due to the electronic repulsion between the negative-dipole end of MeCN and the negative charge of the TS. The fact that primary deuterium kinetic effect is absent supports a stepwise mechanism in which proton transfer occurs after the rate-determining step.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.194-197
• /
• 2007

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/$Fe_2O_3$ nanocomposite membranes with a thickness of 0.02 mm were electrospun by adding 0 to 5 wt% of $Fe_2O_3$ into PAN. The surface tension, density, kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity of the PAN solution were determined to be $33.8{\pm}1mN/m$, 0.9794 g/ml, $1548.6mm^2/sec$ and 1516.7 cP, respectively. The average diameters of PAN fibers containing 0, 1 2, 3, and 4 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ particles were 300, 260, 210, 130, and 90 nm, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the addition of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles to the PAN mat reduced the absorption peak intensity at $2242cm^{-1}$ ($C{\equiv}N$ bond) while it caused a sharp increase in the peak intensity at $2356cm^{-1}$(C=O bond). Thus, it appears that an appropriate amount of $Fe_2O_3$ nanoparticles in the PAN backbone leads to an improvement of the performance of the $CO_2$ gas sensor, most likely due to the change of functional groups in the membrane.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권8호
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2022

In 2021 One Tambon One Product (OTOP) food products reached $3,447 billion domestically and $200 million internationally. Mirroring Japan's highly successful OVOP (One Village One Product) poverty reduction and rural employment program, Thailand's OTOP program has since become a global model of success as well. From May through June 2022, OTOP snack food vendor entrepreneurs were contacted and asked to contribute their opinions about what factors affected their enterprise's food product quality. Using systematic random sampling across six Thai regions, 311 export entrepreneurs, production managers, and marketing managers participated. The results revealed that product innovation (PDTI), process innovation (PCSI), packaging design (PKD), and the 4P marketing mix (4PMM) all positively influenced OTOP snack food product quality (PDQ), which, when combined, had a total effect R² value of 27%. Also, the latent variable TE values for PDTI, PKD, 4PMM, and PCSI, were 0.38, 0.29, 0.22 and 0.11, respectively. Seven of the nine hypotheses examined were supported, with packaging design (PKD) determined to have the greatest influence on the 4P marketing mix (4PMM).