• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.264-274
• /
• 1999

The thermal resistance of 60 men's suits for summer and winter was measured to determine their thermal characteristics and physical properties, including air permeability, weight, and thickness of the jackets and trousers consisted of the ensembles were measured to predict the thermal resistance of garments and ensembles. In this study, general physical properties of the men' suit ensembles were determined. In general, thickness and weight of winter ensembles were greater than those of summer ensembles. A factor which could distinguish the difference between summer and winter ensembles was the air permeability. The air permeability of summer ensembles was 3~6 times greater than those of winter ensembles. For the thermal characteristics, the thermal resistance of winter ensembles were higher than those of summer ensembles. When the wind was involved, the thermal resistance of both ensembles decreased up to 30%. In addition, the equations were developed to predict the thermal resistance of the garments and ensembles when there was no air velocity and the thermal resistance of the ensembles with air velocity of 1.2 m/sec. Looking at the equations, thickness, weight, and size of the garments were the definite factors that affect the thermal resistance of the samples.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.660-668
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal characteristics of garments marketed for Korean males and to investigate the influence of each garment on ensemble, by measuring their insulation values(clo) using thermal manikins. The results are as follows. The total insulations(clo) of ensembles for S/S seasons are between 1.46 and 2.6 clo, with the mean of 2.12 clo. The insulation in the still air condition is 1.23 clo, which means a decrease of 42% compared to the total insulation of all the component garments. The insulation of ensembles for S/S seasons in the dynamic air condition decreased by 46.8%, compared to the still air condition. The total insulation(clo) of ensembles for F/W seasons is between 3.84 and 7.36 clo with the mean of 4.74 clo. The insulation in the still air condition is 2.26 clo, which means a decrease of 53.6% compared to the total insulation of all the component garments. The insulation of ensembles for F/W seasons in the dynamic air condition decreased by 36.2%, compared to the still air condition. As the clo value of each component garment gets higher, the insulation of ensembles gets higher. Especially, the insulation of ensembles was more influenced by outer wear than inner wear. The insulation of ensembles could be predicted by the insulation of outerwear better.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2014

The grands ensembles, or large-scale high-rise housing projects, are widely regarded as notorious products of postwar French government policy in the area of housing and urban planning. There was a general consensus that the grands ensembles had been a 'failure'. They were perceived as the source of all the ills of the contemporary city, as responsible for a social breakdown stemming from lack of infrastructure, geographical isolation, and monotonous environments. French government embarked on a broad renovation effort in light of the deteriorated condition of grands ensembles in the 1980s, which has been approved as generally 'successful'. This study focusing on French cases allowed me to demonstrate that following qualifications are critically important for successful housing projects: urban contextual continuity, socially mixed community, authentic planning for achieving sense of place, relationship between collective and individual expression, et cetera.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.565-574
• /
• 1998

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of air velocity on the thermal resistance of wool ensembles. Three suits for men with different weaving structure and density were made with the same design and size for the study. In addition, Y-shirt, underwear, and socks were prepared for constructing the ensembles. Thermal insulation of air layer and 3 ensembles were measured by using thermal manikin in environmental chamber controlled at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 65% RH with various air velocity. The results were as follows: 1. Thermal resistance of air layer was 0.079 m2.$^{\circ}C$/W with no air velocity(less than 0.2m/sec). 2. Thermal resistance of air layer decreased with increasing the air velocity rapidly. When the air velocity was 0.25 and 2.89 m/sec, the decreasing rate was 15% and 61%, respectively compared with no air velocity. 3. While there was little difference among the effective thermal insulation of 3 ensembles having different weaving structure and density with no air velocity, there was sharp difference among them when the air velocity increased. That is, the decreasing rate of effective thermal insulation of the ensemble which has higher air permeability was higher. 4. The decreasing rates of the effective thermal resistances of plain, twill and satin ensemble were 61, 54, and 49%, respectively when the air velocity was 2.89 m/sec which was a maximum air velocity in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.237-251
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide the improvement idea for an school uniform styling that better satisfies female high school students' changing demands, through evaluating images differences according to design variation in school uniforms. This study was carried out with a between-subject design by using the stimulant materials of school uniform design and image assessment scale. The stimulant materials used for this study were 27 designs with blazer/skirt ensemble and 21 designs with vest/skirt ensemble. The survey materials were collected through a questionnaire from a total of 192 female high school students living in Gyeongsangnam-do. As a result of analyses on a image of blazer/skirt ensembles, 4 factors were extracted such as neatness, uniqueness, activeness, and attractiveness. Blazer was the only variables that exerted significant effects on neatness, uniqueness, and attractiveness. As a result of analyses on a image of vest/skirt ensembles, 4 factors were extracted such as attractiveness, neatness, uniqueness, and activeness. Skirt was the only variables that exerted significant effects on attractiveness, neatness, and uniqueness. Neat image was perceived to be high in ensembles of standard blazer/standard collar/horizontal-seam skirt, standard vest/skirt with horizontal color combination, and buttons-down vest/horizontal-seam skirt. Unique image was perceived to be high in ensembles of blazer with bindings/standard collar/solid skirt, and vest with pockets/skirt with vertical bindings. Also, active image was perceived to be high in ensembles of vest with pockets/skirt with vertical bindings, and buttons-down vest/skirt with vertical bindings. Attractive image was perceived to be high in ensembles of blazer with bindings/peaked lapel/skirt with vertical bindings, and standard vest/horizontal-seam skirt. In conclusion, this study reveals that different items and pieces of school uniforms can be combined in many different ways to create quite diverse looks. Thus, this study provides important basic data for research on teenagers' fashion and clothing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal characteristics of men's suits ensembles and their fabrics. For the study, 100% wool fabrics were woven with various fabric structure, fabric density and yam count and With the use of these, 12 men's suits were made with the same design. Physical characteristics that affect thermal transport properties, including drapery, cover factor; bulk density, keeping warmth ratio, vapor permeability, air permeability and porosity of the fabrics were measured. In addition, thermal resistance of men's suit ensembles, including Y-shirts, inner wear and socks was measured on the thermal manikin in the environmental chamber. The result of the study was as follows: 1. In terms of fabric structure, keeping warmth ratio of plain woven fabrics was higher than those of twill and satin woven fabrics and also, vapor and air permeability and porosity of plain woven fabrics were higher than those of twill and satin woven fabrics. 2. The result showed that thermal resistance of 12 ensembles were in the range of 0.77clo~0.97clo. 3. There was little correlation between woven condition such as, including structure, fabric density and yam count and thermal resistance of ensembles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.149-161
• /
• 2000

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Tencel fabrics on physiological reactions of a human body and thermal comfort under the hot environment. The 3 females subjects in their twenties were selected and a wear sensation test of the subjects was performed with four experimental ensembles made of cotton and Tencel fabrics for the study in the hot environment(3$0^{\circ}C$, 70%RH). The resets of the test were summarized as follows: For the mean skin temperature, Tencel garments showed about 0.2$^{\circ}C$-0.4$^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the cotton garment. The temperature of the rectal was 0.2$^{\circ}C$-0.4$^{\circ}C$ lower for Tencel garments than that for the colon garment. In the form of ensembles, the order of rectal temperature of the subjects for both Tencel and cotton ensembles was 1>IV>III>II. In the body weight loss according to garment materials, Tencel had a lower and more uniform than the cotton Thus, it could concluded that if the perspiration took into account, garments made of Tencel can be more ideal than that of the cotton. The heart rate and oxygen consumption appeared to be proportional to each other. For the heart rate, ensemble TI and TII of Tencel were much lower than ensemble CI and CII. For whole enembles except for TIV, Tencel ensembles showed relatively better thermal sensation and comfort sensation than the cotton ensembles. In the fatigue sensation, the reactions of the subjects were “slightly fatigue” and “fatigue” for the cotton, but “neutral” and “slightly fatigue” for Tencel.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2018

Phishing website has become a crucial concern in cyber security applications. It is performed by fraudulently deceiving users with the aim of obtaining their sensitive information such as bank account information, credit card, username, and password. The threat has led to huge losses to online retailers, e-business platform, financial institutions, and to name but a few. One way to build anti-phishing detection mechanism is to construct classification algorithm based on machine learning techniques. The objective of this paper is to compare different classifier ensemble approaches, i.e. random forest, rotation forest, gradient boosted machine, and extreme gradient boosting against single classifiers, i.e. decision tree, classification and regression tree, and credal decision tree in the case of website phishing. Area under ROC curve (AUC) is employed as a performance metric, whilst statistical tests are used as baseline indicator of significance evaluation among classifiers. The paper contributes the existing literature on making a benchmark of classifier ensembles for web phishing detection.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1203-1212
• /
• 2017

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are crucial in this overwhelming increase of attacks on the computing infrastructure. It intelligently detects malicious and predicts future attack patterns based on the classification analysis using machine learning and data mining techniques. This paper is devoted to thoroughly evaluate classifier ensembles for IDSs in IEEE 802.11 wireless network. Two ensemble techniques, i.e. voting and stacking are employed to combine the three base classifiers, i.e. decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). We use area under ROC curve (AUC) value as a performance metric. Finally, we conduct two statistical significance tests to evaluate the performance differences among classifiers.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 2020

In this paper we study the Minimum Error Discrimination problem (MED) for ensembles of linearly independent (LI) pure states. By constructing a map from the set on those ensembles we show that the Pretty Good Measurement (PGM) and the optimal measurement for the MED are related by the map.