• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Ennin is a Japanese buddhist monk who traveled Tang from Jun. 13, 838 A D. to Dec. 14, 847 A D. in lunar's calender and wrote lengthy diary through the travel. This diary contained not only his wandering and triumphs but also politics, economy, social culture, religion, diplomatic policies, militaries, geography, transportations and administrations. Furthermore, the beginning of his diary dated Jun. 13, to July 3, 838 A. D. is recorded in the manner of ship's logbook entries. Many terms of navigation and naval architecture appears on it. It is very important to understand them for study ancient ship and its navigation skill. This Per aims to invest the meaning of “no-a” obviously refers to some part of hull of the ship upon first step to annotate the terms which are appeared in the diary.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.593-597
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• 2003

Ennin was a Japanese buddhist monk who stayed in Tang from Jun. 13, 838 A.D. to Dec. 14, 847 A.D. in lunar's calender and wrote lengthy diary through the travel. This diary contained lots of information on the politics, economy, social culture, religion, diplomatic policies, militaries, geography, transportations and administrations of Tang China. Especially the beginning of his diary dated from Jun. 13, to July 3, 838 A. D. was recorded in the manner of ship's logbook entries. Many terms of navigation and naval architecture appeared on it. It is very important to understand them for studying ancient ship and its navigation skill. This paper aims to investigate the meaning of ‘Nu-A’ obviously referring to some part of hull of the ship as the first step to annotate the terms of navigation and naval architecture which were appeared in the diary.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.141-151
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• 2003

In this study the writer would like to study the art of navigation in the Era of Silla. For the purpose of this study, the writer studied ship's log book of Ennin's Diary, the ancient ship's structures of Korean, Chinese, Japanese, winds and ocean currents around Korean Peninsular which effect the navigation of sailing ship, and ancient reference books and materials. The result of this study. in the ship's structure in the Era of Silla. bottom structure is considered flat and V-Shaped type, and sailing ship had anchor, sail, considerable deckhouse, transverse bulkhead. And the ship's main materials of sailing ship was wood. partially used irons in the panting structures. In the art of navigation, navigators used winds, ocean current, anchor, sail, depth and color of sea water, lights, ballast. Especially navigators used astrologers and geomancers for astronomical observation, weather forecast, natural phenomena.