• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.911-938
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• 2011

The present study examined the effect of two variables of task complexity, reasoning demand and time pressure, each from the resourcedirecting and resource-dispersing dimension in Robinson's (2001) framework of task classification. Reasoning demand was operationalized as the two types of texts to read and summarize, expository and argumentative. Time pressure was operationalized as the two modes of performance, oral and written. Six university students summarized the two types of text orally and twenty four students from the same school summarized them in the written form. Results from t test and ANCOVA showed that in the oral mode, reasoning demand tends to heighten the complexity of the language used in the summary in competition with accuracy but such an effect disappeared in the written mode. It was interpreted that the degree of time pressure is not the only difference between the oral and written modes but that the two modes may be fundamentally different cognitive tasks, and that Robinson's (2001) and Skehan's (1998) models were differentially supported by the oral mode of tasks but not by the written mode of the tasks.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-136
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• 2013

We conducted an empirical study with 8 middle school students in Korea to investigate the usability and usefulness of our self-designed Digital Textbook. The Stimulated Recall (SR) Method using Morae software was utilized to analyze the learners' task behaviors and mental operations while using the Digital Textbook to learn English. Collected qualitative data indicated several problems in terms of the usability and usefulness of the Digital Textbook. The findings are summarized and some implications are discussed for further revision of the Digital Textbook and validation of the SR method as a usability-usefulness test tool.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2024

The goal of the current study is to investigate whether L2 learners' perceptual ability regarding epenthetic vowels is interconnected with other aspects of speech recognition, such as lexical stress, sentence focus, and vowel recognition. Twenty-five Korean L2 learners of English participated in perception experiments assessing vowel epenthesis oddity, lexical stress oddity, sentence focus oddity, and vowel identification. Results indicate that accuracy on the vowel epenthesis oddity test is influenced by both lexical stress and sentence focus, suggesting that perceptual ability regarding epenthetic vowels is influenced by the acquisition of L2 rhythmic structure at both word and sentence levels. Additionally, this study identifies a proficiency effect on vowel epenthesis recognition, implying that the influence of L1 phonotactics diminishes as L2 proficiency increases. Taken together, this study illustrates the interaction between perceptual abilities in vowel epenthesis and prosodic stress in the field of L2 speech perception.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

Mathematical creativity is the most important factor for the advancement of mathematics. Only creative mind can produce creative results. But not much research work has been done in this direction. The present author has taken a scheme of developing a mathematical creativity test to identify creative children in mathematics and to find the relationships of psychoticism, neuroticism, intelligence, ability to achieve in mathematics and general creativity with mathematical creativity and their composite effect on it over a population of Bengali medium school students. In this approach, Bengali adaptation of English version of the "Verbal Test of Creative Thinking" by Mehdi [Mehdi, B. (1985). Manual of verbal test of creative thinking (revised edition). Agra, India: National Psychological Corporation.] has been completed. Works of adapting intelligence test, developing mathematical creativity test, adapting personality test in Bengali are in process. Relationships are to be found later.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is, targeting 88 students in the department of English education for Children, D University, to examine the relationships between self-esteem, major satisfaction, career identity, and university life adjustment. A survey was performed, and collected questionnaires were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 using reliability analysis, factorial analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, variance analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, self-esteem, career identity, major satisfaction and career identity had high correlations with university life adjustment, in order. Self-esteem (${\beta}=.664$, p=.000) and major satisfaction(${\beta}=.349$, p=.000) influenced university life adjustment. In order to raise the university life adjustment ability of students in the department of English education for children, it is needed to develop systematic and specific programs for improving self-esteem and major satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

Large global online shopping malls, such as Amazon, offer services in English or in the language of a country when their products are sold. Since many customers purchase products based on the product reviews, the shopping malls actively utilize the sentimental analysis technique in judging preference of each product using the large amount of review data that the customer has written. And the result of such analysis can be used for the marketing to look the potential shoppers. However, it is difficult to apply this English-based semantic analysis system to different languages used around the world. In this study, more than 500,000 data from Amazon fine food reviews was used for training a deep learning based system. First, sentiment analysis evaluation experiments were carried out with three models of English test data. Secondly, the same data was translated into seven languages (Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, French, German and English) and then the similar experiments were done. The result suggests that although the accuracy of the sentimental analysis was 2.77% lower than the average of the seven countries (91.59%) compared to the English (94.35%), it is believed that the results of the experiment can be used for practical applications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the use of artificial intelligence chatbots on improving Korean college students' English grammar skills. 70 undergraduate students participated in the present study. They were taking a General English class offered by a university in Korea. There were two groups in this study. Participants in the chatbot group consisted of 36 students while those in the human group were 34. Over 16 weeks, the chatbot group engaged in ten chat sessions with a chatbot while the human group had a chat with a human chat partner. Both pre- and post-tests were performed to examine changes in the participants' grammar skills over time. To compare the improvement between the two groups, an independent t-test was then run. Main findings are as follows: First, participants in both groups significantly improved their English grammar skills, indicating the beneficial effects of engaging in chat. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement between the chatbot and human groups, indicating the superior effects of the chatbot use. This study confirmed the improved grammar skills by the participants in the chatbot group, comparison with those in the human group. Based on these findings, suggestions for the future chatbot study are discussed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.19-36
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper analyzes how to interpret the legal view of the precedents to the UK Insurance Act 2015, comparing it to the UK Marine Insurance Act (MIA) 1906 with a focus on the relationship between the duty of uberrimae fidei and the duty of disclosure. Furthermore, this study focuses on the judgment of the Korean Supreme Court in a case, that examined whether the legal nature of the duty of disclosure or duty of uberrimae fidei in insurance law can be considered as a matter related to the insurer's liability when the applicable terms of English law are incorporated under the insurance contract. Design/methodology - This paper belongs to the field of explanatory legal study, which aims to explain and test whether the choice of law is linked to the conditions that occur in the reality of judicial practice. The approach that is used toward this problem is the legal analytical normative approach. The juridical approach involves studying and examining theories, concepts, legal doctrines and legislation that are related to the problem. Findings - Regarding the requirements and effects of breach of the duty of disclosure, if English law and the Korean Commercial Act are handled differently from each other and Korean law is recognized as the applicable law outside of the insurer's liability, it may be whether the insurer's immunity under English law is contrary to s.633 of the Korean Commercial Act. In considering the breach of the duty of disclosure as a matter of the insurer's liability, even if English law is applied as a governing law, the question of how to interpret the agreement of the governing law in this case may also be raised in the interpretation of Korean International Private Law in relation to the applicable law that applies to the rest of the matter, excluding the matters of liability. Originality/value - According to the Korean Supreme Court judgement under the governing law of the MIA 1906, the basis for recognizing the assured's pre-and post-contractual duty of disclosure is separate, and the only important matters to be notified by the assured after the conclusion of the insurance contract are those that are "relevant" and "material circumstances" that are "relevant" to the matter in question after the conclusion of the insurance contract.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.3
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• pp.95-122
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of content and formal schema on reading comprehension. Five hundred fiftynine subjects from high school were assigned to one of the following levels and treatment conditions : (1) Higher level & Schema Activation, (2) Higher level & Non-schema Activation, (3) Lower level & Schema Activation, and (4) Lower level & Non-schema Activation. To evaluate the effects of schema activation. two experiments were conducted : one was related to the content schema and the other to the formal schema. To evaluate the effects of content schema, three different types of tests were conducted : (1) cloze test, (2) guessing the meanings of nonsense words, and (3) immediate recall test. To evaluate the effects of formal schema instruction, four kinds of tests were conducted : (1) sorting the sentences according to the importance, (2) identifying the signal words, (3) immediate recall test, and (4) identifying the specific information. For content schema condition, results indicated that the subjects given the titles or pictures before reading in "Content Schema Activation" treatment had better grades than those of the other treatment in all types of tests. regardless of their levels. Schema activation helped the subjects to increase the cognitive predictability of missing words and to participate in the tasks more actively with risk-taking. And it was also shown that good readers tend to process the words meaningfully, while poor readers tend to process the words phonetically or morphologically. Formal schema activation through teaching the text organization also had a significant influence on three types of tests: sorting the sentences according to the importance, identifying the signal words, and immediate recall test, but not on identifying the specific information. The implications from this study can be briefly noted as follows : (l) In teaching reading, the student's background knowledge should be activated as a pre-reading activity. (2) In reading, it is more important to emphasize the student's schema than the features of the text. (3) Various educational interventions should be introduced, especially for the lower level students. (4) Teaching text structures can be a powerful method for the top-down processing strategy.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2018

In this paper, we present the results of educational innovation case study using U-Learning Box and Ubiquitous-based Test(UBT) system for 6 sample primary schools in Nepal. As Nepal is considered to be a developing country with electricity problem to the school, the U-Learning Box, consisting of a small and easy-to-use tablet PC for teacher and a small smart beam with its own battery was evaluated as the optimum solution to support continuous basic English and hygiene education for these schools. And UBT technology using tablet PC was used to evaluate and analyze basic English learning ability of the students, which helped us realized that it is necessary to improve the educational environment and develop suitable educational contents. We hope that the global educational innovation using U-Learning Box and UBT technology will become a successful model for global equality of educational opportunity project for developing countries including Nepal.