• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-176
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• 2003

Motivation and learning strategies, some of the important factors affecting language learning, have mostly been studied with reference to their relationship in terms of proficiency. This study investigated motivation and learning strategies and their relationship in order to find the inward predisposition of learners. Data was collected from 200 university students in Taejon and Chungnam province, Korea language learning strategies were measured by the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL), and motivation by the Attitude / Motivation Test Battery(AMTB), with adaptations for Koreans. The detailed analysis of the data Indicated that Korean university students were more motivated to learn English for a practical goal than a formal one. They had a strong willingness to learn but showed 'the tendency of the new generation' of choosing the easiest and most convenient ways in studying English in terms of motivational intensity and strategy use. Findings imply that there have to be some changes and improvements in the deep-rooted classroom teaching methods. A systematic device is needed to induce students to be autonomous learners, providing them with a variety of activities suitable for their purposes and levels, as in opportunities of contacting native speakers, multi-media language labs, the Internet etc.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

Purpose: To analyze students' attitudes toward English-Medium Instruction (EMI) classes for nursing students. Methods: From January 23 to January 30, 2020, a survey was conducted using a web-based survey program on student attitudes, satisfaction, and improvement measures for EMI classes. 216 responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 63.7%. Results: The item with the highest score on the attitude toward EMI lectures was 'EMI classes will be of great help to student's future'. The item 'I will try to speak English with my classmates outside of the EMI class if possible' showed the lowest score. Students answered that they need an appropriate educational environment for the smooth operation of EMI classes, fewer students per class and support for group studies

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.195-199
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• 2011

There are many causes for the variation of the result in oral proficiency test such as the examiner, the task, the theme of the interview, and the gender of the participants. Previous literature documents that the rater is an important variable influencing test scores of second language oral proficiency. Although much research in language testing has been conducted concerning rater effect on test scores, there has been little attention paid to the effect of potential rater variables in language testing on their rating process. There are noticeably different contents of the rating scales across different speaking tests developed in different context. Therefore, it would not be appropriate to apply the same rating criteria for various tasks. In conclusion, we need more subject protocol analyses and more thoughtful studies on rating processes. In other words, the oral proficiency test needs a more realistic and valid tool for the assessment of second language proficiency.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2009

Objectives: Although Asian immigrants have lower rates of smoking and binge drinking than other ethnics in the US, Korean Americans have the highest rate of Asian immigrants. This study, therefore, compared with the rates and examined the predictors of smoking and binge drinking by gender and ethnicity among Asian immigrants in California. Methods: In 2001 and 2003, California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were conducted in English and their original languages with Asian immigrants residing in 58 Counties and 3 Cities, California. We performed analysis to find out the differences of smoking and binge drinking rates using the secondary data, CHIS 2001 and 2003. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified predictors of smoking and binge drinking behaviors by gender and ethnicity. Results: Korean American males (35.4%) and Japanese American females (15.4%) had higher rates of smoking prevalence compared with other Asian immigrants in California. In binge drinking, 26.5% of male and 8.1% of female among Korean Americans were binge drinker, and the rates were the top with Asian Americans who had lived in California. It showed the remarkable gap between gender of smoking and binge drinking among Vietnamese immigrants, whereas not the striking difference among Japanese Americans. In multiple regression models, age, educational level, occupation, marital status, English proficiency, and health insurance coverage remained significant for smoking and binge drinking behaviors(P<0.05). Even though the time in the US was not significant, it seemed to be related to educational level and English proficiency. In particular among female, smoking and binge drinking behaviors were associated with acculturation. Conclusion: Although Asian Americans had shared with American culture since they had immigrated in the US, they had significantly different prevalence rates of smoking and binge drinking based on gender and ethnicity. Therefore, future efforts should be focused on understanding differences by ethnicity and target at high-risk subgroups. To achieve this, it needs to develop the educational materials in Korean and their original languages.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2008

영어는 1947년부터 국제민간항공기구에 의해 국제 항공공통어로 사용되기 시작하였다. 그러나 원어민을 제외한 대부분 국가의 조종사와 항공교통관제사는 항공영어로 인한 어려움을 토로하고 있으며 항공기 사고의 많은 부분도 항공영어를 사용하는 communication 문제로 발생하고 있다. 이 점을 인식한 ICAO에서는 2008년부터 항공영어의 등급을 제도화하여 비영어권 국가의 항공종사자에 대한 영어능력의 향상을 도모하고 있다. 본 연구는 관제사를 대상으로 한 항공영어교육의 결과를 SPSS11을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 교육기간과 교육시간이 영어성적 결과에 유의미한 차이를 보이며, 항공영어의 평가요소 6가지가 상호 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2016

The importance of clear and effective communication at sea has been greatly emphasized due to the increase in multiculturalism on board both ocean-going and coastal vessels, and the necessity of systematic English training based on 'Knowledge, Understanding, and Proficiency' specified in STCW has also been recognized. With these growing needs in mind, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) updated the Maritime English (ME) Model Course 3.17 in 2015 by providing guidelines on language education within two separate categories, General Maritime English (GME) and Specialized Maritime English (SME). The IMO is now attempting to create a new, global framework of ME education and training, and this this new course model must first be thoroughly understood in order to explore the ways to apply the modified version into the context of current ME education in Korea and to design an updated language curriculum. Therefore, the general structural features of the new model course will be explained in this paper, and the course focus set by IMO and to be considered and/or adopted by the Republic of Korea will be closely examined. Finally, suggestions will be made on how to implement this revised model course in practice with the following focus: the development of localized curriculum for GME and SME; the provision of practical teaching guidance through relevant online and offline materials for class and self-study; and the establishment of qualification guidelines and a teaching support system for language teachers in maritime and language education.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2017

On the basis of studies that show multi-word combinations, that is the field of phraseology, this study aims to examine relationship between the quality of text and phraseological competence in L2 English writing, following Yves Bestegen et al. (2014). Using two different association scores, t-score and Mutual Information(MI), which are opposite ways of measuring phraseological competence, in terms of scoring frequency and infrequency, bigrams from L2 writers' text scored based on a reference corpus, GloWbE (Corpus of Global Web based English). On a cross-sectional approach, we propose that the quality of the essays and the mean MI score of the bigram extracted from YELC, Yonsei English Learner Corpus, correlated to each other. The negative scores of bigrams are also correlated with the quality of the essays in the way that these bigrams are absent from the reference corpus, that is mostly ungrammatical. It indicates that increase in the proportion of the negative scored bigrams debases the quality of essays. The conclusion shows the quality of the essays scored by MI and t-score on cross-sectional approach, and application to teaching method and assessment for second language writing proficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2018

2003년 ICAO가 국제 조종사에 관한 언어능력 기준을 제시한 이래로 국제노선에 취항하는 한국 항공 종사자들은 영어 능력을 증명하기 위한 노력을 해왔다. 1969년 처음으로 항공영어교육이 시작되고 2006년 처음 시험이 도입되면서 한국은 이를 충족하기 위한 알맞은 영어 교육 프로그램을 시행하려 시도해 왔다. 그러나, 항공영어 교육과 시험에 관련된 문제점들이 꾸준히 제기되었고 특히 항공 종사자들의 필요와 요구에 맞지 않는 시험 제도와 내용에 대한 논쟁이 끊이지 않았다. 본 연구는 이러한 측면에서 항공영어와 교육에 대한 이론적 접근과 더불어, 106명의 항공종사자에게 실시한 설문지를 토대로 그들의 항공영어와 일반영어에 관한 의견, 항공영어시험에 관한 의견을 수집 분석하였다. 조사결과, 참여자들은 현재 실시되고 있는 항공영어시험이 실제 업무를 효과적으로 반영하지 않으며, 좀 더 실제적인 내용이 시험에 반영되기를 희망하였다. 즉, 항공영어 시험이 좀 더 업무에 사용되는 영어를 많이 반영하고 난이도를 고려한 새로운 형태의 시험이 개발 되어야 한다는 의견이 많았다. 또한, 설문지를 통하여 나타난 여러 사항들을 바탕으로 향후 항공영어 평가가 나아갈 방향을 항공종사자의 측면과 관련 교육기관과 시험출제자, 관련 당국 등 3 가지 분야로 나누어 논의 하였다.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2017

On the basis of studies that show multi-word combinations, that is the field of phraseology, this study aims to examine relationship between the quality of text and phraseological competence in L2 English writing, following Yves Bestegen et al. (2014). Using two different association scores, t-score and Mutual Information(MI), which are opposite ways of measuring phraseological competence, in terms of scoring frequency and infrequency, bigrams from L2 writers' text scored based on a reference corpus, GloWbE (Corpus of Global Web based English). On a cross-sectional approach, we propose that the quality of the essays and the mean MI score of the bigram extracted from YELC, Yonsei English Learner Corpus, correlated to each other. The negative scores of bigrams are also correlated with the quality of the essays in the way that these bigrams are absent from the reference corpus, that is mostly ungrammatical. It indicates that increase in the proportion of the negative scored bigrams debases the quality of essays. The conclusion shows the quality of the essays scored by MI and t-score on cross-sectional approach, and application to teaching method and assessment for second language writing proficiency.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2010

This study examines the use of hedges in cross-cultural communication between EFL learners in an e-learning environment. The study analyzes the use of hedges in a corpus of an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. It compares the use of hedges in the students' corpus to that of a native English speakers' corpus. The result shows that EFL learners tend to use relatively smaller number of hedges than the native speakers in terms of the frequencies of the total tokens. It further reveals that the learners' overuse of a single versatile high-frequency hedging item, I think, results in relative underuse of other hedging devices. This indicates that due to their small repertoire of hedges, EFL learners' overuse of a limited number of hedging items may cause their speech or writing to become less competent. Based on the result and interviews with the learners, the study also argues that hedging should be understood in its social contexts and should not be understood just as a lack of conviction or a mark of low proficiency. Suggestions were made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language difficulties and helping them develop communicative and pragmatic competence.