• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

In the age of global communication, more human exchange is extended at the grass-roots level. In the old days, language policy and language planning was based on one nation-state with one language. But high waves of globalizaiton have allowed extended human flow of exchange beyond one's national border on a daily basis. Under such circumstances, homogeneity in Japan may not allow Japanese to speak and communicate only in Japanese and only with Japanese people. In Japan, an advisory report was made to the Ministry of Education in June 1996 about what education should be like in the 21st century. In this report, an introduction of English at public elementary schools was for the first time made. A basic policy of English instruction at the elementary school level was revealed. With this concept, English instruction is not required at the elementary school level but each school has their own choice of introducing English as their curriculum starting April 2002. As Baker, Colin (1996) indicates the age of three as being the threshold diving a child becoming bilingual naturally or by formal instruction. Threre is a movement towards making second language acquisition more naturalistic in an educational setting, developing communicative competence in a more or less formal way. From the lesson of the Canadian immersion success, Genesee (1987) stresses the importance of early language instruction. It is clear that from a psycho-linguistic perspective, most children acquire basic communication skills in their first language apparently effortlessly and without systematic and formal instruction during the first six or seven years of life. This innate capacity diminishes with age, thereby making language learning increasingly difficult. The author, being a returnee, experienced considerable difficulty acquiring L2, and especially achieving native-like competence. There will be many hurdles to conquer until Japanese students are able to reach at least a communicative level in English. It has been mentioned that English is not taught to clear the college entrance examination, but to communicate. However, Japanese college entrance examination still makes students focus more on the grammar-translation method. This is expected to shift to a more communication stressed approach. Japan does not have to aim at becoming an official bilingual country, but at least communicative English should be taught at every level in school Mito College is a small two-year co-ed college in Japan. Students at Mito College are basically notgood at English. It has only one department for business and economics, and English is required for all freshmen. It is necessary for me to make my classes enjoyable and attractive so that students can at least get motivated to learn English. My major target is communicative English so that students may be prepared to use English in various business settings. As an experiment to introduce more communicative English, the author has made the following syllabus design. This program aims at training students speak and enjoy English. 90-minute class (only 190-minute session per week is most common in Japanese colleges) is divided into two: The first half is to train students orally using Graded Direct Method. The latter half uses different materials each time so that students can learn and enjoy English culture and language simultaneously. There are no quizes or examinations in my one-academic year program. However, all students are required to make an original English poem by the end of the spring semester. 2-6 students work together in a group on one poem. Students coming to Mito College, Japan have one of the lowest English levels in all of Japan. However, an attached example of one poem made by a group shows that students can improve their creativity as long as they are kept encouraged. At the end of the fall semester, all students are then required individually to make a 3-minute original English speech. An example of that speech contest will be presented at the Convention in Seoul.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

In the foreign language learning theory, self-regulated learning, subject interest, learning flow, and self-efficacy have been studied as major constructs. With the help of researches regarding these constructs, a research model was set up and the contents were analyzed through SEM analysis in order to grasp the influence of these constructs on each other. Through data collected from middle school students in Gyeongnam, the analysis result shows as follows. First, the subject interest has a positive influence on learning flow. Second, the subject interest has a positive influence on self-efficacy as well as self regulated learning. Third, learning flow has a positive effect on self-efficacy. Fourth, self regulated learning has a positive influence on self-efficacy. Fifth, self-regulated learning has a positive influence on learning flow. As is shown in the analysis, in case of English education, subject specific interest brings forth learning flow and enhances self-efficacy as well as self-regulated learning thus, leading to academic achievements.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2009

Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to offer basic materials for the correct comprehension of dementia and of health education needs by comparing the students' recognition level of dementia. Methods: Three health major departments(the department of nursing science, physical therapy and occupational therapy) and three non-health major departments(the department of English, early childhood education and biology) were randomized in universities. And the 180 juniors students involved in this study and their level of educational experience and of recognition of dementia was analyzed. Results: There weas no difference about recognition of social welfare services between the students of health departments and non-health departments, but there were differences between them about other health education needs. Conclusion: Students of non-health majors who learn the subjects unrelated to dementia should get an education on dementia so that they can understand and recognize health education needs on dementia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.50-59
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• 2021

To understand the research trends of English education in Korea for the last 20 years from 2000 to 2019, 12 major academic journals in Korea in the field of English education were selected, and bibliographic information of 7,329 articles published in these journals were collected and analyzed. The total number of articles increased from the 2000s to the first half of the 2010s, but decreased somewhat in the late 2010s and the number of publications by journal has become similar. These results show that the overall influence of English education journals has decreased and then leveled in terms of quantity. Next, 34 topics were extracted by applying latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling using the English abstract of the articles. Teacher, word, culture/media, and grammar appeared as topics that were highly studied. Topics such as word, vocabulary, and testing and evaluation appeared through unique keywords, and various topics related to learner factors emerged, becoming topics of interest in English education research. Then, topics were analyzed to determine which ones were rising or falling in frequency. As a result of this analysis, qualitative research, vocabulary, learner factor, and testing were found to be rising topics, while falling topics included CALL, language, teaching, and grammar. This change in research topics shows that research interests in the field of English education are shifting from static research topics to data-driven and dynamic research topics.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

This paper attempts to investigate phonetic substances of the stress patterns of English compounds and noun phrases, showing that the theoretically derived stress structures are not consistent with the accentual patterns in real utterances. Even though it has been long claimed that compounds have the stress pattern [1 3] and that noun phrases, [2 1] as in Chomsky & Halle (1968), their difference has not been yet explored empirically or phonetically. I present a phonetic experiment conducted to see if there is any difference along the tonal contours, mostly focusing on their pitch accent distribution. 36 different compounds and 36 different noun phrases included in carrier sentences were examined, and they were varied in position within a sentence. Results showed that various accentual patterns were produced, and among them, [H* X] predominantly occurs in all three positions in both compounds and noun phrases, whereas the patterns [X H*] and [X X] appear relatively more frequently in final position than in initial and medial position. Furthermore, the pattern [Ac + No], in which the preceding element is pitch-accented with no accent on the following one, is the major stress pattern in both compounds and noun phrases and in all three sentence positions. This suggests that there seems to be no difference in accentual patterns between compounds and noun phrases, which is not consistent with the hypothesis. The results are interpreted as saying that the preceding element alone tends to be prominent with no accent following it both in compounds and noun phrases, and that therefore, theoretically speculated phonological claims are not always phonetically supported.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.spc
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• pp.79-98
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• 2003

This article reports that a testee's content schemata have detrimental effects on the validity of standardized reading comprehension tests. in case that the reading passages constitute his prior background knowledge framed by regular academic pursuits focused on a major field of study. The empirical research findings on such a reliability issue have shown that the Korean subjects' familiarity with the content domain of the reading materials may substantially enhance their test performance, operated as unfair advantages over the other participants at the same level of English proficiency who do not possess technical knowledge closely related to the contents of the test passages. Based on these results, it may be argued that the reading text should be composed of maximally neutral contents to every testee to avoid the possible overlapping between a test-taker's content schemata and the content domain of the materials. Therefore, this article claims that the tenets of schema theory with its long-standing foundation on culturally predetermined content and formal schemata need to be expanded to cover professional knowledge structures, like those acquired by higher education, as the hard-wired framework of an individual's original culture-specific background knowledge.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.328-332
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• 2010

Filipino language is an Austronesian language based on numerous native languages with influences from other major languages such as English and Spanish. The Filipino alphabet is consists of 26 English alphabets, with the addition of two letters, "$\tilde{n}$" and "ng", a total of 28 letters. Filipino language expressions and sentences are still incomparable to English and Spanish even though there are numerous borrowed words from these languages. This study aims to discover the uniqueness in the Filipino language by identifying the frequencies of the letters in common words used and be able to introduce a revolutionary keypad for the Filipinos which is scientifically efficient. To compare the efficiency of the revised and the original keypad, computations using Fitts' Law, Hick-Hyman Law and KSPC were done. Results showed that the new keypad layout was more effective than the original keypad. Introducing a improvised keypad to the Filipinos is one step closer in achieving customized services and features to Filipinos in mobile computing.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2021

According to Joseph Campbell, there is always a similar pattern in the hero myth, which is called hero's journey. The legends about Cuchulain, the great Irish warrior, also follow this pattern. W. B. Yeats adapts the legends into his plays with Cuchulain as the protagonist. This paper discusses the protagonist's heroic journey in the five Cuchulain plays written by Yeats. In the five plays, Cuchulain grows, matures, weakens, dies, and resurrects, completing and meanwhile sublimating his heroic journey. In At the Hawk's Well, Cuchulain shows potential qualities of a hero. The Green Helmet displays his self-growth through the depiction of his heroic merits which make him a true hero. In On Baile's Strand, the hero suffers from the major frustrations and tribulations in his heroic journey and is stricken down consequently. The Only Jealousy of Emer reflects the hero's inner struggle and vulnerability. The last play, The Death of Cuchulainn, marks the end and reincarnation of the hero's life. Through the depiction of Cuchulain's heroic journey in the five plays, his heroic qualities are well demonstrated. Meanwhile, Yeats's views of heroism can be found as well.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.999-1026
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• 2010

There was a Golden Age of Fantasy novels in the United Kingdom in the 19th Century, which had the major writers, Lewis Carroll and George MacDonald. These writers pushed the boundaries of imagination and created a new world in which explore their own selves and societies. Fantasy novels flowered in the 1860s when a group of writers including Carroll and MacDonald published their works. These writers used the trait of dream framing to create their own fantasy world in which they took the action against the complicated and oppressive Victorian reality. Carroll's fantasy worlds of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass were an insane and chaotic world where the certainty of the real world was overturned. MacDonald's dream worlds of At the Back of the North Wind and the Princess books including The Princess and the Goblin and The Princess and Curdie were ideal societies in which imaginative characters could create harmony between fantasy and reality. Fantasy writers engaged in making journey to other lands to do philosophical and moral discussion critiquing Victorian society and to find insights into those problems in their works. Thus, their fantasy journey traverses time and place can produce some suggestive answers to the questions that lie in other times and realities as well as theirs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to extract the key words from the list of research subjects related to 'hotel workers' published in recent 10 years(2009~2018) by using the language network analysis method and to confirm the relation between the key words. In this paper, we propose a semantic network analysis that can overcome limitations of longitudinal study, analyze the recent research trends, and widely use as a research model. The results of this study are as follows ; First, in analyzing major key words in the title of 'Hotel Employer' in recent 10 years, the major keyword of job satisfaction(40), special grade(26), organizational commitment(20), emotional labor(19), service(12), restaurant(10), and turnover intention(9). Second, we analyzed the relation of language network among major key words extracted from the study title of 'hotel workers'. Such a research process is expected to grasp the trends of research related to 'hotel workers' and give implications for the future direction of related research.