• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.1247-1254
• /
• 2000

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of $NO_x$ and soot emissions under a wide range of engine load have been experimentally investigated by a water-cooled, four-cylinder, indirect injection, four cycle and marine diesel engine operating at two kinds of engine speeds. The simultaneous control of $NO_x$ and soot emissions in diesel engines is targeted in this study. The EGR system is used to reduce $NO_x$ emissions, and a novel diesel soot removal device with a cylinder-type scrubber for the experiment system which has 6 water injectors(A water injector has 144 nozzles in 1.0 mm diameter) is specially designed and manufactured to reduce the soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to intake system of the engines. The intake oxygen concentration and the mean equivalence ratio calculated by the intake air flow and fuel consumption rate, and the exhaust oxygen concentration measured are used to analyse and discuss the influences of EGR rate on $NO_x$ and soot emissions. The experiments are performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of $15.3^{\circ}$ BTDC regardless of experimental conditions. It is found that $NO_x$ emissions are decreased and soot emissions are increased owing to the drop of intake oxygen concentration and exhaust oxygen concentration, and the rise of equivalence ratio as the EGR rate rises.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2002

New method and device for the on-line measurement of soot concentration in a diesel engine oil are proposed, where the measurement principle is based mainly on attenuated internal total reflection. Various laboratory tests of the detector were performed mainly with carbon black particles of different contamination levels. It was found that the proposed detector could be well used to monitor oil deterioration due to soot contamination. Operational range of the detector was found from 0 to 5 mass percentage of soot content. Test results with water and fuel dilution showed that these effects were not remarkable. However, adsorption of carbon black particles to a measurement surface was considered to be a critical problem in the new detector. Effects of particle deposition onto the interface was experimentally evaluated with the oil temperature and turbulence and discussed throughout this work.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제29권12호
• /
• pp.1335-1343
• /
• 2005

The calibration technique of Time Resolved Laser Induced Incandescence was investigated both experimentally and numerically by using standard-sized carbon black particles for the instantaneous soot measurement at exhaust tail pipe in engine. The carbon black particles (19nm, 25nm, 45nm and 58nm) used in this study are similar, though not identical, to soot particle generated from flame not only in morphology but also in micro-structure. The amount of soot loading in flow was controled by a diluted gas (nitrogen) and was measured by the gravimetric method at exhaust pipe in calibrator. The successful calibrations of primary particle size and soot mass fraction were carried out at the range from 19nm to 58nm and from $0.25mg/m^3$ to $37mg/m^3$ respectively. And based on these results the numerical simulation of LII signal was tuned and the effect of an exhaust temperature variation on the decay rate of LII signal was corrected.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2012

There were some papers for diesel engine performance tests using BDF, but few article deals with the temperature and soot concentration of Bio diesel flame. Since the flame temperature of diesel engines is so high and change rapidly, an optical method for measurement of flame temperature is known as the most effective one. The two-color method regarding the visible wavelength radiation for the soot particles in flame was applied on Bio diesel flame in order to measure flame temperature and soot concentration in a diesel engine. Photo detecting device was newly designed and employed TSL250R, photo-diode, to pick-up the light information emitted from the combustion flame. As a result, real flame temperature T, as a flame brightness temperature, through Ta1, Ta2, were obtained and finally the characteristics of KL value as a soot concentration reveal the difference of combustion information between diesel fuel, blending oil and Bio diesel fuel oil.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.378-384
• /
• 2012

Higher compression ratio is required in diesel engine to ignite the fuel that leads to better efficiency. For complete combustion inside the cylinder it is important to ensure the clean air flow with free of debris and as cool as possible. In this manner, modification of intake valve arrangements is taken in to consideration importantly. In this paper, the intake valve arrangements are modified with newly designed valve mixer. It causes swirl flow of air through the intake port that mixing with the fuel followed by complete combustion. The use of valve mixer reduces the carbon sediment formation on valve fillet and its face area as the carbon particles gradually take place on it after certain running period. It therefore, helps to increase the valve lifetime. And at the same time it reduces the exhaust elements i.e. soot from the automobiles to a significant level.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2005

This paper describes the effect of the split injection on combustion and emission characteristics in a common rail diesel engine at various operating conditions. The combustion pressures and exhaust emissions such as $NO_x$ and soot were measured at various split injection timings. The experimental apparatus of this study is composed of 4 cylinder engine installed with piezoelectric pressure sensor, EC dynamometer, and exhaust gas analyzer for the measurement of $NO_x$, CO, HC and soot emissions. Results show that the split injection has a great effect on reducing the rapid premixed combustion and $NO_x$ emissions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 1999

The present study deals with the effect of combustion chamber shape on in-cylinder soot oxidation characteristics of a D.I . diesel engine. The analysed combustion chambers were a toroidal and a reentrant with a projection(Complex). The two-color method was used to measure in-cylinder flame temperature and KL value which is approximately proportional to the soot amount along the optical path. In addition, heat release rate was calculated from the in-cylinder pressure data. From these investigations , the soot oxidation of the reentrant and the complex which were strengthen squish flows went worse in late combustion period under heavy-load operation compared to that of the toroidal at retarded fuel injection timing . It might be the cause of the flame holding that squish lip depress the outflow of flame from the bowl to the entire combustion space.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 2003

The simplified two-color method is proposed which can estimate the temperature distribution and the soot density of the whole flame with the image analysis of the high-speed photographs. The factors influenced on its processing were examined, for example, the selection of the wave length, the kind of films, the preparation of the calibration curve between the radiance of flame and the luminance temperature. The simplified two-color method reported in this paper can be used as a tool for the improvement of the combustion process in direct injection diesel engine.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the effectiveness of methanol, which has high latent heat of evaporation and oxygen contents, for DI diesel engine performance and exhaust emission, the methanol was injected at the suction port of DI diesel engine. The injector used for test was conventional gasoline engine injector and controlled the quantity of methanol per cycle by the power supply controller which designed specially for injector. The results shown that the maximum pressure point was delayed, the value of maximum pressure was decreased, and the concentrations of both NOx and Soot were decreased, as the methanol injection quantity increased, and also the thermal efficiency of engine injected methanol under the high load condition was similar to no methanol injection but under the medium load condition was decreased within the experimental conditions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.481-489
• /
• 1998

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of fuel economy combustion and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated by a four-cylinder four cycle indirect injection water-cooled and marine diesel engine operating at several loads and speeds. in order to reduce the soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to intake system of the engine a novel diesel soot removal system with a cylinder-type scrubber which has 6 water injectors(A water injector has 144 nozzles in 1.0 mm diameter) is specially designed and manufactured for the experiment system The experiments in this study are performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of $15.3^{\circ}$ BTDC regardless of experimental conditions, The brake specific fuel consumption rate is slightly fluctuated with EGR in the range of experimental conditions, The maximum value of premixed combustion for the rate of heat release is decreased with EGR at engine load 25% and the ignition is slightly delayed with EGR at engine load 100% NOx emissions are markedly decreased with EGR especially at high loads while soot emissions are increased as the EGR rate rises.