• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.371-379
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• 2010

Since Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2005 takes effect, the transportation policies of most countries move toward encouraging the use of the transit mode with energy efficient and low carbon. Korea is 8th country of producing Co2 emissions and will be one of obligation countries decreasing Co2 after year 2013. In order to improve the efficiency of national transport system investment, this study developed the strategies toward rail-oriented transport system by considering operational speed and accessability, rail-oriented development, and introduce of ubiquitous technique in railway. The four major strategies targeted for future year are introduced here such as One-hour rail(connecting major cities within one hour), Seamless 30(accessing major railway stations within 30 minutes, Rail urbanism (railway-based urban planning), and U-rail (railway service with ubiquitous technique). Each strategy includes several action plans and their priorities are investigated using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) to organize them by time scheme as short, mid, and long term perspective.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2000

Nuclear fuel cycle choices and costs are important in considering energy policies, fuel diversity, security of supply and associated social and environmental impacts. Particularly, the nuclear spent fuel is very important in view of high activity and the need of long term management. This study focuses on the comparison of reprocessing and direct disposal of nuclear spent fuel in terms of cost, safety and public acceptability. The results of the study show that the direct disposal is about 7% more economical than the reprocessing. In terms of safety, the results show that the risk of vitrified HLW (high-level radioactive waste) is less than directly disposed spent fuel. For the public acceptability, both of the methods are not well understood and therefore they are not accepted. In conclusion, it is necessary to guarantee the safety of the both spent fuel processing methods through continuous development of associated technology and to have a fuel cycle policy which should consider not only the economics but also social and environmental impacts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2005

Recently, the needs and concerns for the power loss are increasing according to the energy conservation at the level of the national policies and power utilities's business strategies. Especially, the issue of the power loss is the main factor for the determining the electric pricing rates in the circumstances of the deregulation of electrical industry. However, because of the lacking of management for power loss load factors (LLF) it is difficult to make a calculation for the power loss and to make a decision for the electric rates. And loss factor (k-factor) in korea, which is a most important factor for calculation of the distribution power loss, has been used as a fixed value of 0.32 since the fiscal year 1973, There(ore, this study presents the statistical calculation methods of the loss factors classified by load types and seasons by using the practical data of 65 primary feeders which are selected by proper procedures. Based on the above the algorithms and methods, the optimal method of the distribution loss management classified by facilities such as primary feeders, distribution transformers and secondary feeders is presented. The simulation results show the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2018

Fast economic growth and urbanization of China have been causing air pollution not only over its domestic but transboundary atmosphere. Recent high fine particle pollution episodes in China made the government move toward more stringent air pollution control policies - which are mostly fuel switching and emissions control. In this research, we tried to understand characteristics of Chinese emissions and their change by analyzing its emissions inventory by year, sector, and region. From the inter-comparison of existing bottom-up emission inventories, we found relatively good agreements (<20% difference) for $SO_2$ and $NO_x$, but 30% or more discrepancies for some pollutants. Inter-comparison with top-down $NO_x$ emissions estimates also showed 20~50% differences by year. The regional distribution and inter-annual changes of emissions revealed different stages of energy/fuel mix and policy penetration. Early increase of pollutants emissions in the eastern part of China might give strong influences to the Korean peninsular in early 2000s but, more stringent control in that region would help improving air pollution in Korea in near future.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

Biotechnology is certainly one of the major landmarks in the 20th century history of science. It may produce enormous utility to human beings, but at the same time, it carries huge potential risks to the environment and public health. Thus, with a view to securing safety for the environment and public health in relation to the development and use of living modified organisms (LMOs), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted, in which a regulation Procedure as to the transboundary movements, transportation, handling, and use of LMOs were drawn up. In order to prepare for the entry into force of the Protocol, the Republic of Korea legislated the "Act on the Transboundary Movements of living modified organisms(hereinafter referred as the 'Act')" in Mar 2001, and has pre-announced the enactments of the enforcement ordinance and the enforcement regulation to the Act. Pursuant to the Act, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, as a Competent National Authority, is making efforts to implement domestic biosafety schemes in cooperation with other bio-related government ministries. In order for these efforts to reap fruits, industry, academia, and research institutions should cooperate with one another, and civic groups and NGOs should narrow the differences in opinions and timely respond to the fast-changing situations. Focusing on the precautionary principle, the Protocol puts a great emphasis on the importance of information sharing amongst countries, and the Act also follows this principle. In order to gurantee biosafety, countries around the world, including the ROK, agreed to establish National Biosafety Clearing, designed to provide the information on the export/import of LMOs, R'||'&'||'Ds, risk assessment, safety control, etc. and register it on the CBD Central Biosafety Clearing House.e.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.957-965
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• 2010

The municipal water is directly related to the people's quality of life. To examine and implement reasonable water policies including management of the water demand and economically sound investment decisions, it is essential to estimate the conceptually correct and empirically valid economic value of water. This study attempts to estimate the consumer surplus and economic value of municipal water which is supplied to 16 cities in Korea using demand curve approach. The results indicate that the consumer surplus and economic value of municipal water in 2009 are estimated as KRW 1,180.7 per $m^3$ and KRW 1,812.8 per $m^3$, respectively. The economic values of municipal water in 16 cities range from KRW 1,082.7 per $m^3$ to KRW 3,268.6 per $m^3$. Moreover, the economic value of non-residential water is higher than that of residential water in all cities, and the economic value of water is higher than the present price of water. This study is expected to provide policy-makers with useful information to assess a policy and to evaluate the price of water.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

Minor enterprises can successfully build up their market share plans in a relatively shorter time than compared with major enterprises, which require long time for design developments in their big organization. Therefore, there are some items that are more suitable to the minor enterprises. For example, computer desk may be the one. It must be one of the strategically suitable items of minor enterprises rather than of large enterprises because of their own easy production policies. This paper is based on a research report that I submitted to Gyongsan-Si, Gyongbuk-Do which supported a small company for a special purpose of its provincial economic policy. I took part in the research and suggested five types of characteristic concepts and the ideas. And as a result. the type war accepted as the most appropriate one of them to produce. And the acception was based on the following five factors; consumer's need, productivity, proper price, energy saving, and user' easiness.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The increases of industrial and technological development and human activities have disturbed the balance of natural nitrogen (N) circulation. These phenomena have induced that large amounts of N are to be present in excess in air, soil and water environment. We investigated the effects of excess of reactive nitrogen ($N_r$) compounds on soil and water environment ecosystems through literature and case studies, and suggested the strategy of mitigating the acidification in soil and water ecosystems. $N_r$ moves to air, soil and water media, can be converted to different types, and interacts with other chemical compounds. As an efficient N management plan, the evaluation (application of monitoring and safety index) and the chemical restoration (research and development) of the acidification in soil and water environment ecosystems are required to minimize the effects of $N_r$ as well as policies to regulate the various emission sources and amounts of $N_r$.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.61-80
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• 2019

The cooperation between universities and industries is already one of the most important factors driving the national economy in the knowledge-based society of the 21st century represented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The Korean government has also been carrying out legal and institutional re-adjustments to promote industrial-university cooperation in line with demands for such changes in the times. However, despite this industry-academic cooperation system, there is still a significant mismatch between industrial demand and the university's workforce development system. By the way, there is a Cooperative Education(CO-OP) in Canada and the United States. It's an innovative link between the university and the industry. The reason is that the CO-OP program not only allows students to gain experience with their majors in the industrial field, but also plays a positive role in improving their specialty expertise. In particular, field information, ideas, and job insights that students acquire through CO-OP also serve as motivation for starting a business beyond employment after graduation. Furthermore, CO-OP experience is an important opportunity for future researchers to come up with commercialized research results that are not separated from the field sites The purpose of this study is to overcome the gap between industrial demand and the college manpower training system, and develop a Korean-style coaching program model as a growth engine for creative talent-building policies, represented by 'creation of start-ups and new industry.' In addition, this study suggested measures that can be applied in real universities. In addition, the study also highlighted that the introduction of CO-OP programs with field practices in Korea could also boost start-ups. Based on the Korean CO-OP program model, the curricula applicable to domestic universities consisted of two types : general and research-oriented university types.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

When evaluating effectiveness of a R&D program, there is a tendency to simply compare the performances of the beneficiaries before and after the program or to compare the differences in the performances of the beneficiaries and the non-beneficiaries before-after the program. However, these ways of evaluating effectiveness of a program have some problems because they can not differentiate between complement effect, which facilitates corporate R&D investment, and substitute effect, which, literally, substitutes corporate R&D investment. Therefore, these problems could bring about wrong policies concerning R&D programs. In this paper, a new approach using path analysis is suggested as a means to overcome these problems and it is utilized, as an application, to evaluate the effectiveness of Plant Engineering Program conducted by Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea. First, the direct impact of government R&D investment on corporate R&D investment is analyzed, through which it is identified which of crowding-in effect (complement effect) and crowding-out effect (substitute effect) is dominant. Next, the direct effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance and the direct effect of corporate R&D investment on corporate performance is analyzed respectively. Finally, by combining the two previous analysis, the total effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance is identified. As a result, it turns out that, in Plant Engineering Program, crowding-in effect is more dominant than crowding-out effect and that Plant Engineering Program has definitely positive effect on the beneficiary in terms of corporate performance indirectly and directly.