• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze architectural planning factors that could contribute to reductions in electricity consumption in the household of apartments, to apply energy saving methods at the design phase. These six architectural planning factors were orientation, building type (flat, tower block), standard floor access type (corridor access type, stair case type, EV hall access type), household location (floor), household opening type (one side opening, right angle opening, two sides opening or three sides opening), and bay on the facade (one bay, two bays, three bays, four bays), and these were derived from literature review. Household electricity consumption data were gathered from 2168 households with a total area of 135~150$m^2$ of 6 apartment complexes over 1000 households in Seoul. The annual characteristics of electricity consumption according to architectural planning factors were analyzed. And, variances between groups with respect to the mean of summer, winter, and annual electricity consumption according to each architectural planning factors were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that an annual electric energy saving of over 1000kWh was facilitated by these planning factors. In addition, high energy efficiency architectural planning factors based on the analysis were as follows: southwest orientation, flat type, corridor access type and staircase type, household loation below the 20th floor, two sides opening and three sides opening, and 2 bays and 3 bays.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.254-259
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• 2006

It is increased electrical energy consumption with the development of intelligence society in the subway station and thus an energy conservation through efficient use of electricity became more important. This paper shows a reasonable design load density in subway stations, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated electric equipment capacity, peak power consumption, demand factor, etc., for 34 subway stations and 10 electrical design offices. In this dissertation, it is necessary to analyse the key features and general trend from the investigated data. It made an analysis of the feature parameters, such as average, standard deviation, median, maximum, maximum and thus it was carried linear and nonlinear regression analysis.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2022

The common goals of designing a routing algorithm are not only to reduce control packet overhead, maximize throughput and minimize the end-to-end delay, but also take into consideration the energy consumption. Scalability is an important factor in designing an efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN's). Three metrics (power consumption, time of transmission and packet loss rate) are used in order to compare three routing protocols which are AODV, DSDV and LEACH.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

This study investigated consumers' energy saving behavior and perceptions concerning the effectiveness of their energy saving behavior. A nation wide survey was conducted involving 2000 households in urban areas and the data from 1767 households were used for the analysis. excluding cases with incomplete responses. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were applied. The results were as follows. First, electricity saving behavior was classified into three categories: Thrift (reducing energy consumption), Purchase (buying energy saving appliances), and Control (checking the energy consumption). Second, consumers rated Thrift as the best way to save energy. Third, education, age, and household income were significantly related to energy saving behavior and perceptions on the effectiveness of energy saving behavior. Consumers using above average levels of electricity tended not to practice energy saving behavior and not to positively evaluate effectiveness of the energy saving behavior. Lastly, the implications for public policies to promote energy saving behavior are suggested.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2016

In this study, pilot experiments were conducted by setting operation conditions to analyze characteristics of emission for air pollutant from small two-stroke engines. Emission factors of the measured concentration of pollutant were compared with EEA. Emission factor of CO analyzed by experiments - concentration, flow rate, fuel consumption, etc.- was estimated at 816,011 g-CO/ton-fuel in average. It was confirmed that more than 80% of the fuel consumption is discharged to the Carbon Monoxide, and that as the engine load becomes higher, emission factor of CO increases in the form of log function. The average emission factor of $NO_x$ and $PM_{10}$ was $3,801g-NO_x/ton-fuel$ and $3,730g-PM_{10}/ton-fue$l each. The deviation was not large by comparing the fuel-based emission factor of EEA and the result of this study. Since considerable pollutants are expected to be discharged from the small two-stroke engines, continuous research and support of the policy is required.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2017

A green technology for reducing energy consumption has become a critical factor in ICT industries. However, for the telecommunications sector in particular, most network elements are not usually optimized for power efficiency. Here, we propose a novel energy-efficient packet switching method for use in an IP network for reducing unnecessary energy consumption. As a green networking approach, we first classify the network nodes into either header or member nodes. The member nodes then put the routing-related module at layer 3 to sleep under the assumption that the layer in the OSI model can operate independently. The entire set of network nodes is then partitioned into clusters consisting of one header node and multiple member nodes. Then, only the header node in a cluster conducts IP routing and its member nodes conduct packet switching using a specially designed identifier, a tag. To investigate the impact of the proposed scheme, we conducted a number of simulations using well-known real network topologies and achieved a more energy- efficient performance than that achieved in previous studies.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2020

In actual seawater desalination plant, the pressure loss due to frictional force of pipe is about 3~5 bar. Also, the pressure loss at pipe connection about 1~3 bar. Therefore, the total pressure loss in the pipe is expected to be about 4~8 bar, which translates into 0.111 to 0.222 kWh/㎥ of energy when converted into the Specific Energy Consumption(SEC). Reducing energy consumption is the most important factor in ensuring the economics of seawater desalination processes, but pressure loss in piping is often not considered in plant design. It is difficult to prevent pressure loss due to friction inside the pipe, but pressure loss at the pipe connection can be reduced by proper pipe design. In this study, seawater desalination plant piping analysis was performed using a commercial network program. The pressure loss and SEC for each case were calculated and compared by seawater desalination plant size.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

nZEH (net-Zero Energy House) is defined as a self-sufficient energy building where the sum of energy output generated from new & renewable energy system and annual energy consumption is zero. The electricity generated by new & renewable energy system with the form of distributed generation is preferentially supplied to electrical demand, and surplus electricity is transmitted back to grid. Due to the recent expansion of houses with photovoltaic system and the nZEH mandatory by 2025, the rapid increase of distributed generation is expected. Which means, we must prepare for an electricity-power accident and stable electricity supply. Also electricity charges have to be reduce and the grid-connected should be operated efficiently. The introduction of ESS is suggested as a solution, so the analysis of the load matching and grid interaction is required to optimize ESS design. This study analyzed the load matching and grid interaction by expected consumption behavior using actual data measured in one-minute intervals. The experiment was conducted in three nZEH with photovoltaic system, called all-electric houses. LCF (Load Cover Factor), SCF (Supply Cover Factor) and $f_{grid}$ (Grid Interaction Index) were evaluated as an analysis indicator. As a result, LCF, SCF and $f_{grid}$ of A house were 0.25, 0.23 and 0.27 respectively; That of B house were 0.23, 0.23, 0.19, and that of C were 0.20, 0.19, 0.27 respectively.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

사무소용 빌딩과 같은 전력다소비 건물에서는 전력의 효율적 이용에 의한 에너지절감을 위해서 설계 단계부터 합리적인 전기설비 설계가 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사무소용 빌딩을 중심으로 부하종류별 전력소비특성을 조사 분석하였고, 전기설계사무소의 설계단계에서 적용하는 수용률값을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료의 전체 특징과 중심적인 경향을 알아보기 위해서 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값, 중앙값 등의 특징파라메터를 분석하였고, 회귀분석을 통한 선형적인 방법과 비선형적인 방법으로 그 경향을 확인하였다. 그 결과 합성 수용률/부등률 평균값은 $46.4[\%]$로 나타나 전력용변압기는 용량에 있어서 많은 여유를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 변전설비 용량의 합리적인 설계를 위하여 부하종별 수용률 기준(안)을 제시하였고, 변전설비용량 산정에 필요한 자료를 데이터 베이스화하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

병원용 건물과 같은 전력다소비 건물에서는 전력의 효율적 이용에 의한 에너지절감을 위해서 설계 단계부터 합리적인 전기설비 설계가 요청되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 병원용 건물 32개소를 선정하여 부하종류별 전력소비특성을 조사 분석하였고, 9개소의 전기설계사무소로부터 설계단계에서 적용하는 수용률값을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료의 전체 특징과 중심적인 경향을 알아 보기 위해서 평균값, 표준편차, 최대값, 최소값, 중앙값 등의 특징파라메터를 분석하였고, 회귀분석을 통한 선형적인 방법과 비선형적인 방법으로 그 경향을 확인하였다. 그 결과 합성 수용률 평균값은 47.5[%]이었으며, 전력용변압기는 용량에 있어서 많은 여유를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 변전 설비용량의 합리적인 설계를 위하여 부하종별 수용률 기준(안)을 제시하였고, 변전설비용량 산정에 필요한 자료를 데이터베이스화하였다.