• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.666-671
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• 2018

A honeycomb panel is a plate made by attaching two surface plateson eitherside of a honeycomb core. The honeycomb plate hasexcellent specific strength and energy absorption and is suitable for use in regions where good impact resistance is required. Recently, with the increasing the need for a lightweight design to facilitate transportation, numerous studies have been conducted using aluminum honeycomb plates as body materials for vehicles such as automobiles and high-speed trains. In addition, honeycomb plates have excellent sound deadening properties, as well as excellent heat insulation and durability. Savings in weight using lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy for honeycomb panel's skin can lead to increase fuel economy and reduction in air pollution. In this study, in order to improve the design technology of the honeycomb plate material, the manufacturing technology of the aluminum honeycomb core and honeycomb plate material and various mechanical properties of the honeycomb plate were evaluated. From the results, it was found that the design of the manufacturing process of the aluminum honeycomb plate, as well as itsproduction and characteristics, were improved. The resulting excellent energy absorption capability of the honeycomb plate was due to the repetitive core buckling, indicating that the higher the compressive strength, the higher the strength per bonded area.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.53-67
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• 2002

As in the past, we are concerned today with the magnitudes of mineral resources and the adequacy of these resources to meet future needs. In looking at global resource issues, we should consider the need for the resource, its supply, and the environmental consequences of using it. The need for a resource can become a resource dependency, especially as the global population expands and each of us becomes increasingly dependent upon hundreds of natural materials. Therefore, our great mineral consumption makes the human population a true 'Geologic Force', which will be even more significant in the future when the global population is projected to reach alarming proportions. Although our supplies of mineral resources probably will be sufficient for the 21s1 century, the uneven distribution of minerals in the Earth's crust almost certainly will continue to be a major problem The most likely result will be major shifts in both prices and sources of supply of many mineral resources. As for energy resources, we must avoid an obsessive dependency on one fuel and expand instead to thor energy resources. Finally, because the use of resources affects the environment, we need to focus on resource exploitation and global pollution, particularly in regard to ground water and arable land. We must manage our resources so as to be in balance with our environment. And the accelerated industrialization of South Korean economy over the last three decades has resulted in the mass consumption of nuneral commodities. South Korea has around 50 useful mineral commodities for the mineral industry, among 330 kinds of minerals described. The component ratio of the mining industry sector of the gross national production(GNP) in South Korea dropped from $1.2\%\;in\;1971\;to\;0.34\%$ in 1997 due to the rapid growth of other industries In the countxy. During the period from 1971 to 1997, the average growth rate of mineral consumption in South Korea was $9.13\%$ yearly and that of GNP per capita was $14.97\%$. The mineral consumptions per capita showed a continual Increase during the last 30 years as follows(parenthesis. GNP per capita): 0.99 metric tons in 1971($\$289$), 3.83 metric tons in 1989($\$5,210$), 6.11 metric tons in 1995 ($\$10,037$), and 6.66 metric tons in 1997($9,511). The total amount of mineral consumption in South Korea was 33 million tons of 32 mineral commodities in 1971, and 306 million metric tons of 47 mineral commodities In 1997.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2017

In local underground mines heavily depending on the natural ventilation, ducted fan auxiliary ventilation system is strongly recommended instead of the total mine ventilation system requiring large capital and operating costs. Optimizing the installation of ducted fans in series in long large-opening mines is required to assure the economy and efficiency of the ventilation system. The two most critical design parameters for optimization are the wall separation distance and gap length between adjoining ducts. This study aims at deriving the optimal values for those two parameters concerning the economic and environmental aspects through the extensive CFD analysis, which minimizes pressure loss, leakage and entrainment of the contaminated air in the gap space. The ranges of the wall separation distance and gap length for study are selected by taking into consideration the existing recommendations and guidelines. The ultimate goal is to optimize the auxiliary ventilation system using ducted fans in series to provide a reliable and efficient solution to maintain clean and safe workplace environment in local long underground mines.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.301-313
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• 2015

The rock cavern storage for spent fuel has been assessed to apply in Korea with reviewing the state of the art of the technologies for surface storage and rock cavern storage of spent fuel. The technical feasibility and economic aspects of the rock cavern storage of spent fuel were also analyzed. A considerable area of flat land isolated from the exterior are needed to meet the requirement for the site of the surface storage facilities. It may, however, not be easy to secure such areas in the mountainous region of Korea. Instead, the spent fuel storage facilities constructed in the rock cavern moderate their demands for the suitable site. As a result, the rock cavern storage is a promising alternative for the storage of spent fuel in the aspect of natural and social environments. The rock cavern storage of spent fuel has several advantages compared with the surface storage, and there is no significant difference on the viewpoint of economy between the two alternatives. In addition, no great technical difficulties are present to apply the rock cavern storage technologies to the storage of domestic spent fuel.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.853-874
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• 2010

This study examines the acceptability of nuclear facilities using the latent class analysis. Even though, nuclear power is useful in terms of economic and energy security aspects, it is very difficult to expand the existing nuclear power plants or build a new one. Many studies analysed the cause of unacceptability of nuclear facilities but it has not been focused how large portion of people are divided pro and con. It is very important to know the distribution of people by the attitude toward nuclear facilities in order to meet the long term National Energy Plan. Through the latent class analysis with 1,025 respondents, people are classified into three groups(favor-class, support-class, opposition-class). The favor-class is the largest group which has moderate good attitudes toward the nuclear facilities in terms of economy, cleanness. and necessity but concerns a little about safety. The second largest group is the support-class which comprises 1/4 portion of people. The people in the class show the aggressive support for the nuclear facilities. 15% of the respondents belong to the opposition-class which show the negative attitudes to expansion of neclear facilities. In order to increase the acceptability of nuclear faculties, the most urgent work for the government to do is to less people's concern about nuclear safety.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Carbon dioxide is considered a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global wanning. $CO_2$ is a major component of the exhaust in the combustion of any hydrocarbon fuel. The regulation for $CO_2$ emission from vehicles has become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations require vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels that reduce exhaust emissions. This paper evaluated the correlation of $CO_2$ emission and fuel economy in the Gasoline, Diesel, and LPG vehicles according to FTP-75 and NEDC(ECE15+EUDC) driving mode. From this study, we discovered that the decrease rate of $CO_2$ emission is higher for fuels of lower carbon concentration. When the relationship between $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption rate according to used fuels is expressed as a function, one can find out that they have a high correlation. LPG vehicles produce less $CO_2$ emission than gasoline and diesel vehicles.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.587-635
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop the Global Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (Global CGE Model) in order to produce an economic impact analysis, including prospective obligations for the Post-2012 regime. This model explores the impact of an international emissions trading market and macroeconomic variables such as GNP, consumption, investment, imports and exports, in accordance with potential increased obligations on the Republic of Korea. Distinguishing it from existing studies, this Global CGE Model divides the global community into major economic groups, and in the capacity of the analyzed global model, reflecting the principle nations' macroeconomic indicators through the theoretical approach of endogenous growth theory. Policies such as an emissions trading scheme and carbon tax are reflected in the model. Also, in particular, the model reflects exogenous technological advances. According to this analysis, the stronger the greenhouse gas reductions, the greater the adverse effects on the economy; among macroeconomic indicators that appear, a significant decline is realized in the balance of trade, along with a significant decrease in investment and consumption. Energy dependence, in particular, plays a large role-varying in degree by industry type-, as greenhouse gas reductions would have a greater impact on energy-intensive industries. Furthermore, if Korea, currently recognized as a developing country, is given the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, competing countries such as China and other developing countries will be given an advantage.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.53-67
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• 2002

As in the past, we are concerned today with the magnitudes of mineral resources and the adequacy of these resources to meet future needs. In looking at global resource issues, we should consider the need for the resource, its supply, and the environmental consequences of using it. The need for a resource can become a resource dependency, specially as the global population expands and each of us becomes Increasingly dependent upon hundreds of natural materials. Therefore, our great mineral consumption makes the human population a true “Geologic Force”, which will be even more significant in the future when the global population is projected to reach alarming proportions. Although our supplies of mineral resources probably will be sufficient for the 21st century, the uneven distribution of minerals in the Earth's crust almost certainly will continue to be a major problem. The most likely result will be major shifts in both prices and sources of supply of many mineral resources. As for energy resources, we must avoid an obsessive dependency on one fuel and expand instead to other energy resources. Finally, because the use of resources affects the environment, we need to focus on resource exploitation and global pollution, particularly in regard to ground water and arable land. We must manage our resources so as to be in balance with our environment. And the accelerated industrialization of South Korean economy over the last three decades has resulted in the mass consumption of mineral commodities. South Korea has around 50 useful mineral commodities for the mineral industry, among 330 kinds of minerals described. The component ratio of the mining industry sector of the gross national production(GNP) in South Korea dropped from 1.2% in 1971 to 0.34% in 1997 due to the rapid growth of other industries in the country. During the period from 1971 to 1997, the average growth rate of mineral consumption in South Korea was 9.13% yearly and that of GMP per capita was 14.97%. The mineral consumptions per capita showed a continual increase during the last 30 years as follows(parenthesis: GW per capita); 0.99 metric tons in 1997($289), 3.83 metric tons in 1989($5, 210), 6.11 metric tons in 1995 ($10, 037), and 6.66 metric tons in 1997($9, 511). The total amount of mineral consumption in South Korea was 33 million tons of 32 mineral commodities in 1971, and 306 million metric tons of 47 mineral commodities in 1997.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-36
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• 2019

To ensure that Korea continues to grow, past governments have been consistent in following a policy of advancing into Russia, Mongolia, and Eurasia. The northern economy can expect to achieve synergistic growth because its economic structure complements that of Korea, which has high energy demand and industrial development. There is also an opportunity to accelerate the growth of the China-Russia-Mongolia economic corridor, which is based on Russia's Look East Policy, China's One Belt One Road, and the Mongolian Steppe Road initiative. The Korean government is pursuing a New Northern Policy to achieve the goal of economic cooperation and peace building with other nations, including North Korea; this policy succeeds the Northern Policy pursued by the previous government. As international economic cooperation requires transportation infrastructure, the demand for shipping, which offers more advantages than road and rail transportation, will increase; thus, it is necessary to prepare for it. Korea's port cities, which have a port that serves as the nodal point for maritime transportation, need to prepare for the New Northern Policy. In this paper, the long-term development of Seosan-Daesan port in the was planned and the North Korea's opening-op plan was considered in accordance with the New Northern Policy. Because international cooperation between the government and the provincial cities is required, cooperation with the Port Authority is needed, along with the proactive attitude of Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do. The Seosan-Daesan port, which is the center of the liquid energy cargo center, can become the base of the New Northern Policy Region; further, the port can be an opportunity to establish its position as a peaceful economic hub on the west coast of Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Carbon emission standards are based on the "production-based carbon emissions" generated by the production of goods in the relevant country which were the existing measurement methods. However, can such carbon emissions measurement standards be established international? For example, some of the goods produced in developing countries are produced for the demand of developed countries. The method of measuring carbon emission based on the final demand of a certain country is called "consumption-based carbon emissions." This study compares productionand consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth in ninety-three countries categorized by income level. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the difference between production- and consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth. Also, our model investigated whether the EKC hypothesis in most of the previous studies that had been based on production-based emissions was also established in the consumption-based emission model. Considering the continuous characteristics of CO₂, we utilized the generalized method of moments (GMM), specifically a system GMM econometric technique because CO₂ in the previous period can affect CO₂ in the present period. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The results show that for the consumption-based CO₂ emissions model, CO₂ continuously increases as economic growth increases in the upper-middle income countries. The inverted U-shaped result was found in the case of the production-based model. However, in the lower-income countries, an inverted-U shape in which CO₂ emissions decrease at some point as the economy grows in the production-based model does not appear. On the other hand, in the consumption-based model, an inverted U-shaped result was obtained when estimating with system-GMM. Additionally, the proportion of manufacturing, energy imports, and energy consumption had an effect on both the production- and the consumption-based model regardless of the group's CO₂ emissions. On the basis of such assessments, policymakers need to consider not only production- but also consumption-based options. Originality/value - Previous studies have mainly focused on production-based CO₂ emissions, with most of them revolving around economic growth or the effect of various social and economic factors on CO₂ emissions. However, this study considers the relationship with economic growth using consumption-based emissions as a dependent variable by classifying ninety-three countries by income level.