• 제목/요약/키워드: Energy Deposition

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인라인 스퍼터를 이용한 알루미늄 도핑된 산화아연 박막의 증착 및 특성 최적화 연구 (Deposition and Optimization of Al-doped ZnO Thin Films Fabricated by In-line Sputtering System)

  • 강동원
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제66권8호
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    • pp.1236-1241
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    • 2017
  • We deposited Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films on glass substrates ($200mm{\times}200mm$) by using in-line magnetron sputtering system. Effects of various deposition parameters such as working pressure, deposition power and substrate temperature on optoelectronic characteristics including surface-texture etching profiles were carefully investigated in this study. We found that relatively low working pressure and high deposition power offered to obtain enhanced conductivity and optical transmittance. Haze properties showed similar trend with the transmittance. Furthermore, surface-texture etching study exhibited good morphologies when the films were deposited at $200-300^{\circ}C$. On the basis of these optimizations, we could find the deposition region that produces highly transparent and conductive properties including efficient light scattering capability.

펄스 레이저 증착법에 의한 DLC 박막의 내마모성 특성변화 (Characterization of tribologic DLC thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition)

  • 심경석;이상렬
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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    • pp.851-853
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    • 1999
  • DLC thin films have been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition with various deposition parameters. The characterization of fabricated thin films was performed depending on the deposition parameters. As the kinetic energies provided by deposition temperature and the laser energy density were increased, the film showed graphite properties. Structural properties of the films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The growth energy should be optimized to fabricate high quality DLC thin films. DLC films showed high hardness and their friction coefficient was measured to be about 0.2 regardless of the load of the ball pin.

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수분에 의한 페로브스카이트 박막의 분해 및 δ-phase 결정 형성을 억제하기 위한 표면 처리 기술 (Surface Treatment to Inhibit Water-induced Decomposition and δ-phase Formation of Perovskite Thin Films)

  • 손경난;;정인영;안세진;장효식
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2021
  • Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently attracting attention as a promising source of photovoltaic power generation for their rapid increase in efficiency within a short research period. However, the 2-step deposition method, which has been considered as a proper film fabrication route in commercialization point of view of PSC, requires a complicated control of environment to achieve high efficiency because each step of the process are affected by humidity in different manner. It is clearly a large hurdle for this technic to be transferred to industrialization. In this study, we developed a simple surface treatment by which high quality perovskite films can be fabricated through 2-step deposition method in a relatively wide humidity range without complicated humidity control at each step.

Aerosol Deposition and Behavior on Leaves in Cool-temperate Deciduous Forests. Part 3: Estimation of Fog Deposition onto Cool-temperate Deciduous Forest by the Inferential Method

  • Katata, Genki;Yamaguchi, Takashi;Sato, Haruna;Watanabe, Yoko;Noguchi, Izumi;Hara, Hiroshi;Nagai, Haruyasu
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2013
  • Fog deposition onto the cool-temperate deciduous forest around Lake Mashu in northern Japan was estimated by the inferential method using the parameterizations of deposition velocity and liquid water content of fog (LWC). Two parameterizations of fog deposition velocity derived from field experiments in Europe and numerical simulations using a detailed multi-layer atmosphere-vegetation-soil model were tested. The empirical function between horizontal visibility (VIS) and LWC was applied to produce hourly LWC as an input data for the inferential method. Weekly mean LWC computed from VIS had a good correlation with LWC sampled by an active string-fog collector. By considering the enhancement of fog deposition due to the edge effect, fog deposition calculated by the inferential method using two parameterizations of deposition velocity agreed with that computed from throughfall data. The results indicated that the inferential method using the current parameterizations of deposition velocity and LWC can provide a rough estimation of water input due to fog deposition onto cool-temperature deciduous forests. Limitations of current parameterizations of deposition velocity related to wind speed, evaporation loss of rain and fog droplets intercepted by tree canopies, and leaf area index were discussed.

Effects of maternal dietary energy restriction on laying performance, embryonic development, and lipid metabolism in broilers

  • Sun, Hao;Chen, Zhihui;Ma, Chengzhan;Lian, Lina;Zhao, Zeyu;Niu, Shupeng;Xu, Liangmei;Sun, Jinhua
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권5호
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    • pp.698-710
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of maternal dietary energy restriction on lipid deposition in embryonic tissues during the medium laying period (37 to 39 weeks) in Arbor Acres (AA) broiler breeders. Methods: A single factor design was adopted, and 400 AA broiler breeders (20 weeks of age) with a similar weight were randomly allocated into four groups. The birds in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet, and those in trial groups were fed diets with 80%, 70%, and 50% energy levels of the basal diet. Incubated eggs from the medium laying period were collected. Samples of developing embryos at various stages were prepared for composition analysis. Results: The embryo weight in the 80% energy group was higher than those of the other groups on embryonic day (E) 13, but at 21 E, they were significantly decreased with decreasing energy intake of the broiler breeders (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of crude fat in tissues in the restriction groups were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The long axis and area of adipocytes in breast muscle, thigh muscle and the liver were significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 21 E in the 80%, 70%, and 50% energy groups. Conclusion: The effects of the 80% maternal dietary energy restriction energy affects egg production performance, egg quality, and nutrient deposition in egg weights, which then directly impacts on the developmental process of embryos, especially on fat utilization and deposition.

석탄 회분의 Slagging/Fouling 예측 (Prediction of Slagging/Fouling Propensity of Coal Ash)

  • 이시훈;박주식;최상일;손응권
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국연소학회 1995년도 제2회 KOSCI Workshop
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 1995
  • In recent years, significant advances have been made in the development of methods to predict ash behavior in utility boilers. This paper provides an overview of methods used to assess and predict ash formation and deposition. It has discussed some of the key problems associated with the formation and deposition of ash during the combustion of pulverized coal. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of ash formation, transport, growth, and strength development, there is still much work to be done. There is a need to develop quantitative relationships between the characteristics of the entrained ash and the physical properties of ash deposits that influence deposit growth, strength development, and cleanability. Also data from bench-scale, pilot-scale, and full-scale units are needed in order to determine operating conditions which will minimize deposition problems, maximize efficiency, and reduce emissions.

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An experimental study on the effects of internal tubular coatings on mitigating wax deposition in offshore oil production

  • Jung, Sun-Young;Kang, Pan-Sang;Lim, Jong-Se
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권10호
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    • pp.1333-1339
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    • 2014
  • As the demand for petroleum resources increases, and oilfields on lands and in shallow-sea become exhausted, the areas for oil production are expanding to the deep sea and therefore technologies for flow assurance are coming into the highlight. In low temperature environment such as the deep sea, wax is accumulated and prevents stable oil production. Therefore, the development of flow assurance technologies is required. Wax is precipitated in crystalline form when the oil temperature decreases below the wax appearance temperature; it then accumulates on the inner walls of pipelines causing blockages. In particular, in subsea pipelines, which have a large surface contact area with the surrounding seawater, wax deposition problems are frequent. The internal tubular coating can effectively reduce wax deposition without pausing oil production when the coating is appropriately designed. This study carried out wax deposition tests on a number of internal tubular coatings under single flow conditions. The results were analyzed for the effects that the physical properties of the coatings had on wax deposition.

고효율 AC PDP용 MgO 보호막 형성을 위한 중성빔 보조 증착 장비에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Equipment of Neutral Beam Assisted Deposition for MgO Protective Layer of High Efficient AC PDP)

  • 이조휘;권상직
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.63-67
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    • 2008
  • The MgO protective layer plays an important role in plasma display panels (PDPs). Our previous work demonstrated that the properties of MgO thin film could be improved, which were deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). However arc discharge always occurs during the IBAD process. To avoid this problem, oxygen neutral beam assisted deposition (NBAD) is used to deposit MgO thin films in this paper. The energy of the oxygen neutral beam was used as the parameter to control the deposition. The experimental results showed that the oxygen neutral beam energy was effective in determining in F/$F^+$ centers, crystal orientation, surface morphology of the MgO thin film, and the discharge characteristics of AC PDP. The lowest firing voltage $(V_f)$ and the highest secondary electron emission coefficient $(\gamma)$ were obtained when the neutral beam energy was 300 eV.

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저압 화학기상증착법을 이용한 β-SiC의 증착 및 결정 성장 방위에 따른 기계적 특성 변화 (Deposition of β-SiC by a LPCVD Method and the Effect of the Crystallographic Orientation on Mechanical Properties)

  • 김대종;이종민;김원주;윤순길;박지연
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2013
  • ${\beta}$-SiC was deposited onto a graphite substrate by a LPCVD method and the effect of the crystallographic orientation on mechanical properties of the deposited SiC was investigated. The deposition was performed at $1300^{\circ}C$ in a cylindrical hot-wall LPCVD system by varying the deposition pressure and total flow rate. The texture and crystallographic orientation of the SiC were evaluated by XRD. The deposition rate increased linearly with the gas flow rate from 800 sccm to 1600 sccm. It also increased with the pressure but became saturated above a total pressure of 3.3 kPa. In the range of 3.3 - 10 kPa, the preferred orientation changed from the (220) and (311) planes to the (111) plane. The hardness and elastic modulus showed maximum values when the SiC had the (111) preferred orientation, though it gradually decreased upon a change to the (220) and (311) preferred orientations.

매체순환식 가스연소기용 산소공여입자들의 연료별 연소특성 (Reduction Characteristics of Oxygen Carrier Particles for Chemical-looping Combustor with Different Fuels)

  • 류호정;김경수;박영성;박문희
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2009
  • Reduction reactivity and carbon deposition characteristics of three oxygen carrier particles(OCN01, OCN02, OCN03) have been investigated by using hydrogen, methane, syngas, and natural gas as fuels. For all particles, the maximum conversion, the oxygen transfer capacity, and the degree of carbon deposition increased as the reactive carbon contents increased. The reduction rate and the oxygen transfer rate increased as the moles of required oxygen per input gas increased. The change of maximum conversion, reduction rate, oxygen transfer capacity, oxygen transfer rate and degree of carbon deposition for different fuels can be explained consistently by using parameters such as the reactive carbon contents and the moles of require oxygen per input gas.