• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2005

Hydrogen is getting more attention owing to the seriousness of air pollution and dependance on oil import, UNCCC(United Nations Convention on Climate Change) for reducing the emission of $CO_2$. This fact is not confined in a certain country but global recognition and several countries initiated R&D competition for commercializing the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Within 20${\sim}$30 years cost effective hydrogen production can be possible using fossil fuels because so much research is carried out up to now. But it is so far to produce the most of the hydrogen using renewable resources considering the present status of R&D and cost effectiveness. Several automobile companies planed for mass production of hydrogen vehicle by 2010 but changed or canceled the plan owing to the difficulty of R&D and the low status of infrastructure penetration. This paper surveyed the hydrogen energy policy, R&D program and commercialization strategy of advanced country, international agency, automobile and energy company to analyze the global status of R&D and policy. And the survey of R&D program is focused on the part of hydrogen production, storage, delivery and fuel cell.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

This study quantified shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed-reduction effects of trees on use and cost of heating and cooling energy in two residential neighborhoods of Chuncheon different in tree cover. Annual savings per residence of heating energy were approximately 1,210 MJ(1%) and those of cooling energy, 130 kWh(10%) in study district 1 having tree cover of about 10% . For district 2 with tree cover of about 20%, annual heating and cooling savings were 2,130 MJ(2%) and 180 kWh(19%) per residence, respectively. Trees annually saved energy costs by approximately ￦31,000 ($26, $1=￦1,200) per residence in district 1 and by ￦49,000($41) in district 2. One tree taller than 3 m resulted in annual energy savings of ￦8,000($7) in the study districts. Energy savings by trees in district 2, which had higher tree cover by 10% difference than district 1, were about 2 times greater than those in district 1. This implies that more tree plantings could enhance energy saving effects. Of the total costs saved, 58% was attributed to windspeed reduction and 47%, evapotranspiration. However, shading increased energy costs by 5% due to tree plantings at the wrong locations. Full tree plantings on the west and north of buildings and avoidance of shade-tree plantings of use of solar-friendly trees on the south are recommended to increase building energy savings efficiently.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

In this study, performance and economic analysis of natural gas/syngas fueled 100 MWth chemical-looping combustion (CLC) combined cycle plant were performed. Net efficiency of both cases was 53~54%, corresponding to previous research. We used Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index and Guthrie method to evaluate plant cost. For syngas fueled CLC combined cycle plant, the plant cost was higher since lower heating value(LHV) of syngas was lower than that of natural gas and cost of electricity(COE) was also higher since the cost of syngas was higher than that of natural gas. By sensitivity analysis, it was shown that the cost of syngas should be less than 5.3 $/GJ in order to make COE lower than 5.8 ¢/kWh which was COE of natural gas fueled CLC combined cycle plant.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

There are lots of buildings which were built before the Legislation on building energy rating system. Remodeling of the buildings would be required for an improvement of the building energy rating system was enforced by the government. In the Passive Building Design, Elements which will be used for the remodeling are Insulation, Window, External venetian blind, Heat exchanger. The Purpose of this study is to indicate a Method for the improvement of Energy saving by an analysis of Construction Cost, Cost Evaluation, Energy performance Efficiency in applied design elements. In this study, the remodeling of existing public buildings to improve energy efficiency rating was applied to extract the elements of design-specific energy performance, efficiency, and the application of the designs that has been analyzed. The results were as follows: applying the design-specific cost-effective investment that represents the economy (investment efficiency/%) surveyed the average insulation(7.0%), triple glazed windows(10.1%), double glazed windows(12.1%), external shading(24.5%), and Heat(77.2%) were analyzed in order to be more efficient. Analysis of the basis of information on the existing public buildings to improve energy efficiency rating for the remodeling depending on driving conditions at a degree of individual difference. The main effect, however, depending on economic investment, design elements, heat exchangers, external awning, double glazed windows, triple glazed windows, insulation, is recommended as review of the order shall be determined.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2014

The aim of this study to propose an efficient method in selecting the type of new and renewable energy applied in at the planning phase of buildings. This study applied geothermal energy facilities with high adaptability to buildings. This study considered the energy reduction and reduced cost by comparing the values with the energy consumption before applying of geothermal energy facilities. In order to propose more reliable criteria of economic evaluation, maintenance costs reflecting the replacement cycles and initial construction costs by drawings and specifications for installation facilities for practical geothermal energy based on construction statement for life-cycle cost analysis. The results will help to effectively select economic types of facilities for new and renewable energy of the planning phase of buildings.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2019

Since the revision of the Rationalization of Energy Use Law, the spread of new and renewable energy in buildings has been promoted. In addition, the production of electric power and thermal energy is an important issue in the change of energy paradigm centered on the use of distributed energy. Among them, geothermal energy is attracting attention as a high-performance energy-saving technology capable of coping with heating / cooling and hot water load by utilizing the constant temperature zone of the earth. However, there is a disadvantage that the initial investment cost is high as a method of calculating the capacity of a geothermal facility by calculating the maximum load. The disadvantages of these disadvantages are that the geothermal energy supply is getting stagnant and the design of the geothermal system needs to be supplemented. In this study, optimization design of geothermal system was carried out using optimization tool. As a result of the optimization, the ground heat exchanger decreased by 30.8%, the capacity of the heat pump decreased by 7.7%, and the capacity of the heat storage tank decreased by about 40%. The simulation was performed by applying the optimized value to the program and confirmed that it corresponds to the load of the building. We also confirmed that all of the constraints used in the optimization design were satisfied. The initial investment cost of the optimized geothermal system is about 18.6% lower than the initial investment cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.131-132
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.470-475
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• 2007

The present study has been conducted economic analysis through actual operation of electric heat pump (EHP) and gas engine driven heat pump (GHP) which are installed at the same building in the university. Cost items, such as initial cost, annual energy cost and maintenance cost of each system are considered to analyze life cycle cost (LCC) and economical efficiencies are compared. The initial cost is considered on the basis of actual cost, and annual energy cost is converted into the cost after measuring electricity and gas consumption a day LCC applied present value method is used to assess economical profit of both of them. Variables used to LCC analysis are electricity cost escalation rate, natural gas cost escalation rate, interest rate, and service lives when each of them are 4%, 2%, 8%, and 20 years. The result shows that EHP (148,257,306 won) is more profitable than GHP (161,239,296 won) by 8.05% (12,981,990 won).

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.643-659
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• 2022

For the economic analysis of fuel cells, levelized cost of electricity was calculated according to the type, capacity, and annual production of the fuel cells. The cost of every component was calculated through the system component breakdown. The direct cost of the system included stack cost, component cost, assembly, test, and conditioning cost, and profit markup cost were added. The effect of capacity and annual production was analyzed by fuel cell type. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to stack life, capital cost, project period, and fuel cost. As a result, it was derived how much the economic efficiency of the fuel cell improves as the capacity increases and the annual production increases.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 had an extensive impact on the national electricity plans. This paper outlines alternative electricity scenarios that meet the goals of nuclear phase-out and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This paper also analyzes the results of each scenario in respect to the electricity mix, GHG emissions, costs and employment effects. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP) model was used to simulate the annual electricity demand and supply system from 2011 to 2030. The reference year was 2009. Scenarios are reference (where existing plans are continued), A1, A2, B1, B2, and C2 (where the levels of demand management and nuclear phase-out are different). The share of renewable energy in the electricity mix in 2030 for each scenario will be increased from about 1% in 2009 to 8% in the reference scenario and from 11% to 31% in five alternative scenarios. Total cumulative cost increases up to 14% more than the reference scenario by replacing nuclear power plants with renewable energy in alternative scenarios could be affordable. Deploying enough renewable energy to meet such targets requires a roadmap for electricity price realization, expansion of research, development and deployment for renewable energy technologies, establishment of an organization dedicated to renewable energy, and ambitious targets for renewable energy.