• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.380-382
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• 2010

The authors present an extremely rare case of a pseudoaneurysm of the ulnar artery as a complication of a two-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR). A 70-year-old man with chronic renal failure and on maintenance hemodialysis with a left arteriovenous fistula presented with paresthesia of his right hand. A clinical diagnosis of right carpal tunnel syndrome was confirmed by ultrasonography and an electro physiologic study. He underwent two-portal ECTR, and the paresthesia was much improved. However, he presented to us one month after operation with severe pain, a tender mass distal to the right wrist crease and more aggravation of the paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution. Doppler ultrasound was performed and revealed a hypo echoic lesion 20 mm in diameter in the right palm, with arterial Doppler flow inside connected to the palmar segment of the ulnar artery. An ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed and treated by ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection. Transverse color Doppler ultrasound image showed complete thrombosis of the pseudoaneurysm and flow cessation after a total injection of 500 units of thrombin. The symptoms were also improved.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2007

저자들은 내시경적 에피네프린 국소 주입법과 수술적 혈관 결찰술 후에도 출혈이 재발된 Dieulafoy 병을 가진 환아에서 동맥 코일 색전술로 지혈된 증례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

Dieulafoy 병변은 비정상적으로 확장된 점막하 동맥이 소화관 내로 노출되어 발생하는 병변으로 위장관 출혈의 드문 원인이다. 저자들은 폐렴으로 입원 중 다량의 토혈과 혈변을 보인 9세 남아에서 상부 소화관 내시경으로 Dieulafoy 병변을 진단하고 순수 에탄올 국소 주사법으로 성공적으로 치료하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2001

저자들은 Banti 증후군으로 진단받은 환아가 식도정맥류 출혈로 인해 내시경적 경화요법을 받은 후 심한 복통과 설사 증상을 나타낸 상 장간막 정맥 혈전증 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2012

Objective : Discal cyst is rare and causes indistinguishable symptoms from lumbar disc herniation. The clinical manifestations and pathological features of discal cyst have not yet been completely known. Discal cyst has been treated with surgery or with direct intervention such as computed tomography (CT) guided aspiration and steroid injection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous endoscopic surgery for lumbar discal cyst over at least 6 months follow-up. Methods: All 8 cases of discal cyst with radiculopathy were treated by percutaneous endoscopic surgery by transforaminal approach. The involved levels include L5-S1 in 1 patient, L3-4 in 2, and L4-5 in 5. The preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional CT with discogram images in all cases showed a connection between the cyst and the involved intervertebral disc. Over a 6-months period, self-reported measures were assessed using an outcome questionaire that incorporated total back-related medical resource utilization and improvement of leg pain [visual analogue scale (VAS) and Macnab's criteria]. Results : All 8 patients underwent endoscopic excision of the cyst with additional partial discectomy. Seven patients obtained immediate relief of symptoms after removal of the cyst by endoscopic approach. There were no recurrent lesions during follow-up period. The mean preoperative VAS for leg pain was $8.25{\pm}0.5$. At the last examination followed longer than 6 month, the mean VAS for leg pain was $2.25{\pm}2.21$. According to MacNab' criteria, 4 patients (50%) had excellent results, 3 patients (37.5%) had good results; thus, satisfactory results were achieved in 7 patients (87.5%). However, one case had unsatisfactory result with persistent leg pain and another paresthesia. Conclusion : The radicular symptoms were remarkably improved in most patients immediately after percutaneous endoscopic cystectomy by transforaminal approach.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2009

목적 : 방광요관역류에 대한 치료법으로 최근 시행되고 있는 내시경적 요관 점막하 $Deflux^{(R)}$ (Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer) 주사요법의 효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2000년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 경북대병원 소아과에 내원하여 일차성 방광요관역류로 진단받고 이후 비뇨기과에서 내시경적 $Deflux^{(R)}$ 주사요법을 시행 받은 38명(59요관)을 대상으로 하였다. 의무기록을 통한 후향적 연구를 시행하였으며, 시술 6개월 후에 VCUG를 시행하여 방광요관역류의 치료 성공 및 호전 정도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 대상 환아의 평균연령은 2년 7개월이었으며 남녀비는 17:21이었다. 양측성이 21명(55.3%), 일측성이 17명(44.7%)이었으며 역류를 처음으로 진단받은 뒤 평균 24개월 후에 내시경적 $Deflux^{(R)}$ 주사요법을 시행 받았고 평균 주입량은 0.77 cc 였다. 시행 후 성공률은 Grade 1에서 100%, Grade 2에서 87.5%, Grade 3에서 60%, Grade 4에서 20%, Grade 5에서 16.6%였으며(r=-0.99, P=0.02), 호전률은 단계별로 각각 100%, 75%, 100%, 80%, 83% 이었다(r=-0.39, P=0.21). 즉, 방광요관역류의 단계와 호전률 사이에는 의미 있는 상관관계가 없었으나, 방광요관역류의 단계가 높을수록 성공률이 의미 있게 감소하였다. 그밖에, 방광요관역류의 진단 당시 연령, $Deflux^{(R)}$ 시술까지의 시간, $Deflux^{(R)}$ 주입량, 배뇨장애 유무, 변비의 유무와 성공률은 통계학적으로 의미 있는 상관관계를 보이지 않았고, 항콜린제 사용군에서 성공률이 의미 있게 낮았다. 결론 : 내시경적 요관 점막하 $Deflux^{(R)}$ 주사요법은 역류단계가 낮은 환아에서는 효과적인 치료법으로, 예방적 항생제 요법을 대신하고 개복 수술 전 단계로 시행할 만한 바람직한 방법으로 생각된다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : The treatment of supraglottic stenosis remains a challenging problem in the field of otolaryngology due to its association with dyspnea, dysphagia, and frequent recurrence. Any satisfactory treatment is not yet known. The author experienced six cases of supraglottic stenosis and report the successful treatment of five cases by repeated endoscopic laryngeal excision with KTP-532 laser under suspension layngoscopy. Materials and Methods : Six adults who were treated for supraglottic stenosis between March 1994 and December 1998 at the Department of Otoloaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Medical Center were studied retrospectively. The patients were placed under general anesthesia followed by endoscopic laryngeal excision with KTP-532 laser under supension laryngoscopy. The scar tissue and granulation tissue were visualized with an operating microscope, and then removed using KTP-532 laser (15watts, continuous mode). Intraoperative local steroid(Triamcinolone ) was injected in all cases after the stenotic portions were removed. Results : Endoscopic excision was performed in five cases ; among the five cases, cricoid cartilage was concomitantly removed in two cases, and epiglottis was removed in one case. Satisfactory swallowing and airway respiration were possible in all five patients who underwent endoscopic widening. Conclusion : The treatment of supraglottic stenosis is different from that of tracheal or glottic stenosis in that supraglottic stenosis is mainly developed in membraneous form. Repeated laser excision and local steroid injection under suspension laryngoscopy is an effective and recommend able method for the treatment of supraglottic stenosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2011

Purpose: Surgery for thyroid gland requires skin incisions that can result in postsurgical neck scar. To overcome this, many surgeons performed a endoscopic thyroidectomy. But, this approach had a some problems. One of postoperative problems, iatrogenic cervical dystonia (CD) may occur. At common, CD is defined as a syndrome characterized by prolonged muscle contraction causing twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal posture. Botulinum toxin A (BTA, Botox$^{(R)}$, Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) is well known treatment agent in the treatment of CD. So, the authors applied BTA injection in rare case with iatrogenic CD resulting in endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods: A 43-year-old female had endoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy operation 3 years ago. She had symptoms such as progressive cervical pain, abnormal neck posture, depression, and sleep difficulty. About 1 year later, the patient who had previous myomectomy of the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle, however, symptoms were not improved. And then the patient received BTA therapy in our department. The 2 units per 0.1 mL solution was administered in a 1 mL tuberculin syringe. Results: The dose of BTA used in the patient was 36 units for vertical platysmal bands, superficially, and 10 units for ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle, intramuscularly. After 2 weeks, additional the dose of BTA used in the patient was 5 points for remained scar bands, superficially. Complications related to injection such as significant swallowing difficulties, neck muscle weakness, or sensory change were not observed. In 9 months follow-up, the patient maintained a good result from the method of BTA injection alone. Conclusion: The basic concept is selective denervation for the hyperactive individual muscles and scar bands. We conclude that BTA is an effective and safe treatment for CD despite the iatrogenic and complex presentation of this complication.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2016

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Palliative care for cancer aims to relieve the discomfort and pain from the cancer itself and associated conditions. Gastrointestinal cancers originate from the tube like structure of gastrointestinal tract and cause complications such as obstruction, bleeding, adhesion, invasion, and perforation to adjacent organ. Recent advances in interventional endoscopy enables endoscopy physicians to do safe and effective care for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Endoscopic palliation includes stent, hemostasis, nutritional support and targeted drug delivery. Self expandable metallic stent is one of the most important modalities in gastrointestinal palliation. Through the endoscopy or over the wire pre-placed by endoscopy, stents restore the gastrointestinal luminal patency and relieve the obstructive condition. Endoscopic hemostasis is another important palliation in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Epinephrine injection, argon plasma coagulation and thermal cauterization are usual modalities for hemostasis. Histoacryl glue and fibrin glue are also available. Hemostatic nanopowder spray is newly reported effective in benign disease and is supposed to be effective also in cancer bleeding. Enteral feeding tubes including gastro- or jejunostomy and nosoduodenal tubes are placed by using endoscopic guidance. Enteral feeding tubes role as the route of easily absorbable or semi-digested nutrients and effectively maintain both patients calorie requirements and gut microenvironment. Photodynamic therapy is the one of the outstanding medical employments of photo-physics. Especially for superficial cancers in esophagus, photodynamic therapy is very useful in cancer removal and maintaining organ structure. In biliary neoplasm, photodynamic therapy is well known to be effective in cancer ablation and biliary ductal patency restoration. Targeted drug delivery is the lastest issue in palliative endoscopy. Debates and questions are still on the table. In this article, the role of endoscopic interventions in palliative care for the gastrointestinal tumors will be thoroughly reviewed.