• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.171-194
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• 2005

The CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading were drafted by the Comite Maritime International(CMI) and related specifically to EDI transfers of negotiable bills of lading. The CMI Rules are contractual in nature and the application of the CMI Rules is strictly voluntary. The method adopted in the CMI Rules to enable negotiation of the rights to cargo in a controlled method is based on the introduction of the ‘Private Key’. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. In Japan, through TEDI Project, the RSP Model is introduced as e-trade solution like Bolero's Solution. The RSP Model Solution will be furnished through TC(Trade Chain) Server and RSP(Repository Service Provider) Server. The purpose of this paper is to analyze comparatively the CMI Rules and Bolero Bill of Lading and RSP Model of TEDI and to find the implications in this case study for quick introduction of electronic Bill of Lading.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.283-304
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• 2008

According to globalization and localization of world economics international trade payment method was also changed. A traditional payment was Letter of Credit basis, however it is being increased to various methods such as remittance, documentary collection(D/P, D/A) and open account. In order to acquire a secure export payment, exporters prefer to L/C basis which is guaranteed by a reliable bank. However, the L/C should bear a security so that importers would rather documentary collection than L/C. The reasons for the preference of collection payment rather than L/C are a low commission cost, the conversion of buyer's market from seller's market due to severe competition in the world market, transaction increase between main office and branches and a right to control the goods until executing the payment by exporters. Besides of them, collection payment can handle safer and faster than open account basis. However, the collection payment has a risk which it isn't guaranteed by bank for the payment so that I would suggest countermeasures to minimize the payment risk utilizing the collection basis as follows; using export credit insurance system, a large domestic credit report provider such as D&B for absolutely fresh and new information, a collection proxy service for overseas deferred credit and suggestion specifying to order B/L not straight one on consignee in order to transfer the right of ownership with endorsement without problem.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2002년도 추계공동학술대회논문집
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

이 논문에서는 IMO-MEPC AFS 협약 채택(2001년 10월 5일)에 대한 국내 업게의 동향을 조사·분석하고 이를 바탕으로 AFS 협약과 연계된 국내법 마련(해양환경관리법 입법 방향, 선박안전법의 개정안)과 아울러 국제방오시스템증서 발급 방안, 효과적인 유해방오시스템 규제 방안(항만국 통제의 방안)을 제시하며, AFS 협약의 효율적 관리를 위한 관련부서의 일원화 방안 등을 마련하였다.

• 논리연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-88
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• 2009

귀납추론은 연역추론이 아니기 때문에 연역적으로 정당화될 수 없다. 또한 귀납추론을 귀납적으로 정당화하는 것은 순환적이다. 따라서 흄은 귀납추론을 합리적으로 정당화할 수 없다고 주장한다. 흄이 이와 같은 귀납의 문제를 제기한 이후 오랜 동안 많은 철학자들이 이 문제를 해결하고자 시도해 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 아직껏 대다수의 철학자들이 동의하는 해결책이 제시되지 않고 있다. 셀라스에 따르면 귀납의 문제는 이론추론이 아니라 오직 실천추론을 통해서만 해결할 수 있다. 이 논문은 셀라스가 제안한 실천추론에 의한 귀납의 정당화를 좀 더 명확한 형태로 발전시켜 설명함으로써 그의 해결책이 귀납의 문제에 대한 근본 해결책임을 주장한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.242-251
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• 2004

In this piece of research, Prunellae spica is added to Sambonggangyongbaneotang for one group and Trionycis carapax is added to Sambonggangyongbaneotang for the other group. With these two different prescriptions, the degrees of tumor suppression are compared to develop a better prescription. SKH = Sambonggangyongbaneo-tang + Prunellae Spica SKB = Sambonggangyongbaneo-tang + Trionycis Carapax The results were as follows: 1. SKH and SKB demonstrated anti-tumor effects against tumor advancement of S-180 2. SKH and SKB showed on elevation of macrophage for tumor-bearing mice. 3. $100{\mu}g/ml,\;500{\mu}g/ml$ of SKH and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of SKB demonstrated a rise in alkaline phosphates of B-Lymphocyte in the spleen in tumor-bearing mice. Results support a role for both SKH and SKB for anti-tumor effects via endorsement of macrophage and encouragement of B-lymphocyte toward S-180.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2019년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.110-112
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• 2019

블록체인은 4차 산업혁명 핵심 키워드 중 하나이다. 하지만 현재 블록체인 기술을 접목시킨 사례는 굉장히 적다. 그것은 블록체인 시스템에서 트랜잭션을 처리하는 속도가 느린 것을 이유로 볼 수 있다. 기존에 빠른 속도로 많은 트랜잭션을 처리하던 시스템에 비해 느린 블록체인 기술을 접목시키는 것은 어려움이 있다. 때문에 블록체인 연구는 합의 알고리즘, 다양한 네트워크 구성 등을 이용하여 트랜잭션 처리 속도를 늘리는 연구들이 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 프로젝트인 하이퍼레저 패브릭의 트랜잭션 처리 속도를 향상시키기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 패브릭은 블록에 트랜잭션을 추가하기 위해 독립적으로 수행되는 3단계를 거쳐 수행된다. 그 중 1번째 단계인 보증 단계의 최적화를 진행한다. 패브릭에서 클라이언트로부터 피어가 반복적인 요청을 받을 때 매번 같은 네트워크에 속해 있는 노드인지 확인을 하게 되는데, 한번 보증을 완료한 노드는 일정 기간 동안 노드 확인을 거치지 않고 체인 코드를 수행하여 트랜잭션을 처리하도록 하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of current paper is to identify features of advertisements at social media that generate the ad-click and to further identify if these advertisements lead to purchase. If no purchase is made, then reasons for not making purchase are identified. Users' purchase experience after users clicked at advertisements are also studied. Research design, data, and methodology - Research design followed is exploratory research, where various factors leading to ad-clicks and generating purchase at social media platform were explored. Raw data was gathered by means of survey among a sample of 185 respondents in India using online structured questionnaire. GLM model and multinomial regression were used to analyze the data. Results - Several factors including endorsement by friends, advertisement aesthetics, product reviews, and aggressive pricing played major role in generating ad-clicks. Major impediment to purchase on were product misrepresentation in advertisement, false discounts, and site security. Female users clicked more on social media advertisements and made more purchases compared to their male counterpart. Conclusions - Social media advertisements have significant positive effect on buying behavior of online customers. Transactions culminating from social media ad-click generated significant positive experience for social media users. Thus, social media can be effective marketing tool.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2021

Purpose: BTS Meal at McDonald's was launched in May 2021 in selected countries all over the world. BTS fans in Indonesia bought the BTS Meal and collectively donated to the online delivery drivers as a form of empathy. As a quantitative study, this paper aims to identify the influencing factors in sociopsychology for fans to buy products (BTS Meal) available online using celebrity endorsement strategy, as well as demonstrating social empathy as an extended effect. Research design, data and methodology: empirical research was conducted through an online survey sent to 150 participants using the purposive sampling method. Participants were BTS fans, or ARMYs, who bought BTS Meal and conducted donations. Data were then sorted and processed with path regression. Results: preference and role model influenced the buying behavior; however, these factors influenced social empathy only when mediated by consumption. Preference and role model alone did not have a direct influence on social empathy. Conclusions: Consumer behavior insight is relevant in distribution science. A meal distribution involving brand ambassadors is considerable, particularly with celebrities demonstrating quality in capturing fans' hearts through role modeling. When a distribution is conducted online using a brand ambassador, buying behavior could lead to a social impact.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.870-875
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• 2023

In this paper, we analyzed the revised guidance on electromagnetic (EM) interference qualification of Regulatory Guide 1.180 (Revision 2), which is published by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for electromagnetic compatibility qualification for nuclear safety, by comparing it with that of the previous version. We confirmed that the test methods and the acceptance criteria of both CE101 and CE102 tests for conductive emission and RE102 test for radiating emission are changed in the recently revised Regulatory Guide 1.180 (Revision 2). Furthermore, we found that the revised Regulatory Guide 1.180 provides flexibility in the use of alternative methods for EM interference (EMI) qualification, in that a mix of the various base-standards is technically allowed. In addition, the primary revision of the updated Regulatory. Guide 1.180 is that MIL-STD-461G is to be adopted as the latest base-standard, instead of MIL-STD-461E. To evaluate the influence on EMI qualification for nuclear safety due to the endorsement of MIL-STD-461G, we thoroughly analyzed the modifications in the acceptance criteria and test methods for EMI qualification, and then validated the analyzed effect on the EMI qualification, which is caused by the revision of MIL-STD-461, by performing electromagnetic simulation for equipment under RE102 test.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2020

최근 허가형 블록체인 기반 프로젝트가 늘어남에 따라, 블록체인 솔루션과 여러 응용 프로그램을 개발하기 위한 플랫폼인 하이퍼레저 패브릭을 도입하는 회사들이 많아지고 있다. 그러나 하이퍼레저 패브릭 네트워크 구성 시, 각 구성요소의 네트워크 지연 시간을 고려하지 않고 네트워크를 구성하면 트랜잭션 보증 시간이 늘어날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 하이퍼레저 패브릭 네트워크에서 각 구성요소 간 네트워크 지연 시간 차이를 고려하여 트랜잭션 보증 시간을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 라우팅 테이블을 수정하여 네트워크 지연 시간 차이를 발생시켰고, 지연 시간과 트랜잭션 보증 시 걸리는 시간을 합산하여 트랜잭션 보증 시간을 측정하였다. 실험을 통해, 기존 방법의 트랜잭션 보증 시간보다 제안한 방법의 트랜잭션 보증 시간이 약 1/3 정도 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.