• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1044-1051
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• 2016

The present study compared the differential functions of two groups of adjuvants, Montanide incomplete Seppic adjuvant (ISA) series and Quil A, cholesterol, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and Carbopol (QCDC) formulations, in chicken by analyzing published microarray data associated with each type of vaccine adjuvants. In the biological function analysis for differentially expressed genes altered by two different adjuvant groups, ISA series and QCDC formulations showed differential effects when chickens were immunized with a recombinant immunogenic protein of Eimeria. Among the biological functions, six categories were modified in both adjuvant types. However, with respect to "Response to stimulus", no biological process was modified by the two adjuvant groups at the same time. The QCDC adjuvants showed effects on the biological processes (BPs) including the innate immune response and the immune response to the external stimulus such as toxin and bacterium, while the ISA adjuvants modified the BPs to regulate cell movement and the response to stress. In pathway analysis, ISA adjuvants altered the genes involved in the functions related with cell junctions and the elimination of exogenous and endogenous macromolecules. The analysis in the present study could contribute to the development of precise adjuvants based on molecular signatures related with their immunological functions.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.47-71
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to verify the structural relationship among system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, intention on continuous use of mobile learning in cyber university. For this study, W cyber university in Korea was chosen to conduct web survey. The subjects were 283 students who participated in W's cyber university courses. A hypothetical model was composed of system quality, information quality, service quality, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as exogenous variables, satisfaction and intention on continuous use of mobile learning as endogenous variables. The result of this study through structural equation modeling analysis is as follows: First, information quality only affect satisfaction, Second, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction significantly affect intention on continuous use of mobile learning. These results imply that information quality should be considered for the design and development of mobile learning contents. Also, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction is important to enhance intention on continuous use of mobile learning. This study proposes strategies for successful mobile learning in cyber university.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This paper examines the impacts of credit on income inequality in Vietnam. Though it is one of the most common measures of financial development, there is a dearth of research in this area. Unlike previous studies, the paper disaggregates the impact of each type of credit on income inequality, looking at the Gini coefficient. We employ the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to solve the endogenous problem. The primary data set contains a panel of 60 Provincial observations, from data collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The empirical findings show that, while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. The results also confirm the important roles of education, institutional quality and foreign direct investment in fighting against income inequality in Vietnam. However, the paper does not provide adequate evidence to support the inverted U-shaped relationship between credit and income inequality. Based on the findings, we argue that the government should direct flows of credit to real economic activities rather than speculative investment; more bank credit should be allocated to rural areas and agriculture; and favorable credit programs should be designed to promote education, especially of those living in rural areas.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.137-141
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• 2011

A previous data was provided information for tissuespecific expression genes by means of whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray in the silkworm. We analyzed the tissue-specific expression patterns in the hemocyte tissue on 5 days of 5th instar larvae during the development of $B.$ $mori$. Total 5 candidates pick out from the $Bombyx$ $mori$ Microarray Database (BmMDB; http://silkworm.swu.edu.cn/microarray). To verify the hemocyte-specific expression, we analyzed by semi-quantitative and real-time quantitative RT-PCR using the highly expressed endogenous $Actin$ RNA as an intrinsic reference. In this study, we confirmed that one gene-sw17255- out of 5 candidates expressed in the hemocyte tissue, which was consistent with the previous data. Circulating hemocytes in the body fluid of the $B.$ $mori$ are most powerful target organ for producing biomaterials. We need further studies to find hemocyte-specific promoter region from sw17255 gene. Finally, this result can be applied in creating transgenic silkworms as a biomedical insect.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.13.1-13.5
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• 2015

As an alternative to radioimmunoassay a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed and validated for androstenedione quantification in plasma of Karan Fries bulls using second antibody coating technique. The wells of the microtitreplate were coated with affinity-purified goat immunoglobulin (antirabbit IgG) that binds the hormone specific antibody. The EIA was performed to analyze androstenedione directly in $40{\mu}l$ of bull plasma. The androstenedione standards ranged from 0.20 to 200 pg/$40{\mu}l$/well and the sensitivity of the assay was 5 pg/ml plasma. Serially diluted bull plasma containing high endogenous androstenedione showed good parallelism with bovine androstenedione standard curve. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were found to be 8 and 9%, respectively. Peripheral plasma androstenedione concentrations determined in young and adult bull samples ranged between 104-990 pg/ml and 184-2040 pg/ml, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 2015

Setdb1, an H3-K9 specific histone methyltransferase, is associated with transcriptional silencing of euchromatic genes through chromatin modification. Functions of Setdb1 during development have been extensively studied in embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells as well as neurogenic progenitor cells. But the role of Sedtdb1 in myogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we report that Setdb1 is required for myogenic potential of C2C12 myoblast cells through maintaining the expressions of MyoD and muscle-specific genes. We find that reduced Setdb1 expression in C2C12 myoblast cells severely delayed differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells, whereas exogenous Setdb1 expression had little effect on. Gene expression profiling analysis using oligonucleotide microarray and RNA-Seq technologies demonstrated that depletion of Setdb1 results in downregulation of MyoD as well as the components of muscle fiber in proliferating C2C12 cells. In addition, exogenous expression of MyoD reversed transcriptional repression of MyoD promoter-driven luciferase reporter by Setdb1 shRNA and rescued myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells depleted of endogenous Setdb1. Taken together, these results provide new insights into how levels of key myogenic regulators are maintained prior to induction of differentiation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.48-64
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• 2002

The primary recognized health risk from common deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a cytoprotective enzyme for oxidative stress, is red blood cell hemolysis. Here we show that litters from untreated pregnant mutant mice with a hereditary G6PD deficiency had increased prenatal (fetal resorptions) and postnatal death. When treated with the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, a human teratogen that is commonly used in pregnant women and causes embryonic oxidative stress, G6PD-deficient dams had higher embryonic DNA oxidation and more fetal death and birth defects. The reported G6PD gene mutation was confirmed and used to genotype fetal resorptions, which were primarily G6PD deficient. This is the first evidence that G6PD is a developmentally critical cytoprotective enzyme for both endogenous and xenobiotic-initiated embryopathic oxidative stress and DNA damage. G6PD deficiencies accordingly may have a broader biological relevance as important determinants of infertility, in utero and postnatal death, and teratogenesis.-Nicol, C. J., Zielenski, J., Tsui, L.-C., Wells, P. G. An embryoprotective role for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in developmental oxidative stress and chemical teratogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1993

Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex composed primarily of phospholipid and lung specific apoproteins that reduces surface tension in the alveolus and maintains alveolar stability at low lung volume. Adult respiratory distress syndrome still carries a very high morbidity and mortality. The surfactant system is vital to the maintenance of proper lung function, any type of surfactant deficiency, whether primary or secondary, will contribute significantly to the development of pulmonary pathophysiology. Various mechanisms in adult respiratory distress syndrome may be responsible for such alterations in the surfactant system. Surfactant replacement is now an established treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, reducing both incidence of complications and mortality. With the current knowledge of surfactant physiology and the pathophysiology of the adult respiratory distress syndrome exogenous surfactant treatment or stimulation of endogenous surfactant synthesis and secretion will prove to be beneficial in preventing and treating the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The study of clinical surfactant therapy for adult respiratory distress syndrome is just beginnig and this can be viewed as an area with exciting potential. As soon as surfactant preparations become more widely available trials should begin to define the role of surfactant treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome as an adjunct to available treatment techniques.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Recent world-wide interest in activity-based travel behavior modeling has generated an entirely new perspective on how the profession views the travel demand process. This paper seeks to further promote the case of activity-based travel behavior models by providing some empirical evidence of relationship between travel time and activity duration decision for worker with transportation panel data. The travel time from home to work and from work to home, without activity involvement, is estimated by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. And, the travel time to and from the selected activity and the activity duration are modeled simultaneously by the Three Stage Least Squares (3SLS) method due to the endogenous relationship between travel time and activity duration. Two kinds of models, OLS and 3SLS, include selectivity bias corrections in a discrete/continuous framework, because of the inter-relationship between the choice of activity type/travel mode (discrete) and the travel time/activity duration (continuous). Estimation is undertaken using a sample of over 1300 household two-day trip diaries collected from the same travelers in the Seattle area in 1989. The behavioral consequences of these models provide interesting and provocative findings that should be of value to transportation policy formulation and analysis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2016

It is increasingly apparent that nature evolved peroxiredoxins not only as $H_2O_2$ scavengers but also as highly sensitive $H_2O_2$ sensors and signal transducers. Here we ask whether the $H_2O_2$ sensing role of Prx can be exploited to develop probes that allow to monitor intracellular $H_2O_2$ levels with unprecedented sensitivity. Indeed, simple gel shift assays visualizing the oxidation of endogenous 2-Cys peroxiredoxins have already been used to detect subtle changes in intracellular $H_2O_2$ concentration. The challenge however is to create a genetically encoded probe that offers real-time measurements of $H_2O_2$ levels in intact cells via the Prx oxidation state. We discuss potential design strategies for Prx-based probes based on either the redoxsensitive fluorophore roGFP or the conformation-sensitive fluorophore cpYFP. Furthermore, we outline the structural and chemical complexities which need to be addressed when using Prx as a sensing moiety for $H_2O_2$ probes. We suggest experimental strategies to investigate the influence of these complexities on probe behavior. In doing so, we hope to stimulate the development of Prx-based probes which may spearhead the further study of cellular $H_2O_2$ homeostasis and Prx signaling.