• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2014

Among dental traumas, horizontal root fractures are relatively uncommon injuries. Proper initial management and periodical evaluation is essential for the successful treatment of a root-fractured tooth. If pulpal necrosis develops, endodontic treatment is indicated, exclusively for the coronal fragment. Fragment diastases exert a great influence on healing at the fracture line and on pulpal necrosis. An adequately treated root-fractured tooth has a good prognosis. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary central incisors, first with horizontal root fracture, second with horizontal root fracture and avulsion, and third with horizontal root fracture and lateral luxation. All three cases were treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot, Dentsply). During 2 yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing, even after endodontic treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.31.1-31.7
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• 2018

Despite considerable focus on the regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic infected pulps and apical periodontitis, little data exist with regard to its possible implementation in necrotic permanent teeth with complete apical and radicular development. The present report describes the procedures and outcome of a regenerative endodontic treatment approach in 2 previously-traumatized incisors with closed apex with apical periodontitis. A 2-visit treatment procedure was employed. At initial visit, the root canals were copiously irrigated, followed by placement of a triple antibiotic paste containing ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and clindamycin into the root canals. After 4 weeks, the antibiotic paste was removed, and apical bleeding was initiated with size 10 hand files beyond the apices. The root canals were coronally sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the access cavities were restored with bonded resin composite. At post-operative 60 months, both teeth were remained asymptomatic, with the recall radiographs showing complete resolution of apical radiolucency and reestablishment of periradicular tissues. In both teeth, the dimensions of root space remained unchanged as verified by image analysis. The revitalization protocol utilizing root canal disinfection and induced apical bleeding in necrotic, closed-apex incisors may offer a clinically acceptable alternative to conventional root canal treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2023

The present report describes the endodontic treatment of an Oehlers type II dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor with 5 root canals, an extremely rare condition. Apical periodontitis and related symptoms were noted. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to aid the diagnosis, reveal tooth morphology, and assist in canal location. The pulp chamber was carefully accessed, and the root canals were explored under magnification. All root canals were prepared with an R25 Reciproc Blue system and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. After initial preparation, a self-adjusting file (SAF) with NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used to complement the disinfection. Additionally, calcium hydroxide medication was applied. Vertical compaction was used to fill the canals with a calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer and gutta-percha. After 12 months, the patient exhibited healing of the periapical region, absence of symptoms, and normal dental function. In conclusion, this nonsurgical treatment protocol was successful in promoting the cure of apical periodontitis. Both complementary disinfection with an SAF and use of calcium hydroxide medication should be considered when choosing the best treatment approach for dens invaginatus with very complex anatomy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 2011

Maxillary canines have less anatomical diversities than other teeth. They usually have a single root and root canal. This report describes an endodontic treatment of a maxillary canine with two separated root canals which have not been reported through the demonstration of radiography and computerized tomography (CT). Even though appropriated endodontic treatment has been performed, the severe pain could happen due to lack of consideration of anatomical variations of the teeth. Therefore, the clinicians should be well aware of the possibility of anatomical variations in the root canal system during endodontic treatment even if the number of root canals is obvious such as in this case.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.169-175
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to obtain the average canal length of upper & lower anterior teeth which was important in canal length measuring procedure of endodontic treatment. It was based upon 827 out-patients who had endodontic treatment on their upper & lower anterior teeth at the Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Infirmary, Yonsei Medical Center from February, 1978 to June, 1984. The 1249 teeth of these patients were devided into sex and age groups. The root canal length of these teeth were measured. The following results were obtained; 1. The mean root canal length of upper & lower anterior teeth were as follows; Upper central incisors : 21.8mm Upper lateral incisors : 21.0mm Upper canines : 24.1mm Lower central incisors : 18.6mm Lower lateral incisors : 19.9mm Lower canines : 22.6mm 2. There was no significant difference in root canal length between sex. (P > 0.05) 3. There was no significant difference in root canal length between age groups. (p > 0.05) 4. The distribution of upper central incisors showed the highest distribution followed by upper lateral incisors and lower central incisors between 10 to 40 year old age groups, and there was no signigicant difference in the rest of the age groups. There was no significant difference in sex distribution, which was 49.5% for males and 50.4% for females. The number of the upper anterior teeth was 74.3% of all the specimens and the lower anterior 25.7%, and 40.6% of all the specimens were upper central incisors.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2013

Biomechanical preparation of root canals with accentuated curvature is challenging. New rotatory systems, such as Reciproc, require a shorter period of time to prepare curved canals, and became a viable alternative for endodontic treatment of teeth with root dilaceration. Thus, this study aimed to report a clinical case of endodontic therapy of root with accentuated dilaceration using Reciproc single-file system. Mandibular right second molar was diagnosed as asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Pulp chamber access was performed, and glide path was created with #10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer) and PathFile #13, #16 and #19 (Dentsply Maillefer) up to the temporary working length. The working length measured corresponded to 20 mm in the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals, and 22 mm in the distal canal. The R25 file (VDW GmbH) was used in all the canals for instrumentation and final preparation, followed by filling with Reciproc gutta-percha cones (VDW GmbH) and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer), using thermal compaction technique. The case has been receiving follow-up for 6 mon and no painful symptomatology or periapical lesions have been found. Despite the difficulties, the treatment could be performed in a shorter period of time than the conventional methods.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.727-733
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• 1997

Autotransplantation is a procedure which transplants teeth from the original position to other positions in the same individual. It is classified surgical reposition by intraalveolar autotransplantation and transalveolar autotransplantation. The prognosis for successful autotransplantation is dependent on a number of factors such as root development, surgical technique, patient's age, endodontic treatment, time and type of splinting, preservation of periodontal ligament and storage medium. The most important factor is preservation of periodontal ligament. The cause of the failure of transplantation include damage of the transplant during removal from deep palatal malposition, poor regeneration of the bone around the transplant and chronic periodontal infection. In case I, Impacted maxillary canine for which surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment was impossisle was transplanted. After 2 weeks, It showed periapical radiolucency and external root resorption. So, endodontic treatment was done. One year later, permanent filling was done with gutta percha. In case II, Transpositioned maxillary central incisor was transplanted after extraction of impacted mesiodens. Pulp vitality was maintained during 5 months without other clinical symptons.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2017

Root canal anatomy is complex, and the recognition of anatomic variations could be a challenge for clinicians. This case report describes the importance of cone beam computed tomographyic (CBCT) imaging during endodontic treatment. A 23 year old woman was referred by her general dental practitioner with the chief complaint of spontaneous pain in her right posterior maxilla. From the clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis was made and endodontic treatment was suggested to the patient. The patient underwent CBCT examination, and CBCT scan slices revealed seven canals: three mesiobuccal (MB1, MB2, and MB3), two distobuccal (DB1 and DB2), and two palatal (P1 and P2). Canals were successfully treated with reciprocating files and filled using single-cone filling technique. Precise knowledge of root canal morphology and its variation is important during root canal treatment. CBCT examination is an excellent tool for identifying and managing these complex root canal systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.241-252
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• 2014

The goal of endodontic treatment is the prevention and control of pulpal and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) has been widely used in endodontics as an intracanal medicament to eliminate the remaining microorganisms after chemomechanical preparation. The purpose of this article is to review the antimicrobial properties of $Ca(OH)_2$ as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment. The first part of this review details the characteristics of $Ca(OH)_2$ and summarizes the results of in vitro studies related to its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$ results from the release of hydroxyl ions when it comes into contact with aqueous fluids. $Ca(OH)_2$ has a wide range of antimicrobial effects against common endodontic pathogens, but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The addition of vehicles or other agents might contribute to the antimicrobial effect of $Ca(OH)_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.342-347
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of dentigerous and radicular cysts that occur between deciduous and succeeding permanent teeth and to propose considerations for differential diagnosis of cysts at the treatment planning stage in the outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 patients with a cystic lesion located between a deciduous tooth and the succeeding permanent tooth participated in the study. Twelve variables were analyzed to diagnose such a cyst. For data analysis, Fisher's exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of the variables. Results: Of the total 87 patients who participated in this study, 69 were diagnosed with dentigerous cysts and 18 were diagnosed with radicular cysts. Seven of the 12 differential factors analyzed in this study were statistically significant: age, location, symptoms, dental caries, endodontic treatment, delayed eruption, and size. Conclusion: Several criteria can be considered for diagnosis of dentigerous cysts or radicular cysts. Age, location, presence of symptoms and dental caries, previous endodontic treatment, cystic size, and delayed eruption of impacted permanent teeth are reliable factors that should be considered when diagnosing dentigerous and radicular cysts.