• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.240-252
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• 1999

Floristic composition and phytosociological studies of Mt. Chongok and Mt. Tuta were investigated, and that was compared with the previously published report in 1993. Vascular plants were composed of 100 families, 358 genera, 573 species, 95 varieties, and 18 formae, totaling 686 taxa. The vegetation was relatively well conserved based on Pteridophyta calculation (Pte-Q), 1.13. Compared with the vascular plants of the southern and northern slope area, the vascular plants of the southern slope area were composed of 87 families, 287 genera, 419 species, 73 varieties, and 11 formae, totaling 503 taxa, and those of the northern slope area consisted of 94 families, 293 genera, 427 species, 73 varieties, and 12 formae, totaling 512 taxa, respectively. Also, compared with the taxa in each side, both sides were composed of 332 species in common, southern sides, 172 species and northern sides, 182 species, respectively. The number of species of 11 families belonged to the higher level among total families taxa was composed of 328 species(47.8%). Among them, Compositae and Rosaceae were included much more species than remnant families. Korean endemic species were composed 16 families, 24 genera, 20 species, 8 varieties and 2 formae, totaling 30 species(4.4%). Compared with the Korean endemic taxa in each side, both sides were composed of 14 species in common, southern sides, 11 species and northern sides, 5 species, respectively. A naturalized plants were 20 species, correspond to 9.2% of totaling 218 species appeared in South Korea. Among them,12 species were appeared commonly in both sides, southern sides, 16 species and northern sides, 16 species, respectively. Life form spectra was H-D1-R5-e type and, useful resources plants are as follows; edible source(42.4%), medicinal source(31.5%), ornamental source(15.6%) and pasture source (13.3%) in the total region. The forest vegetation of the southern slope was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances and 5 communities; Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongolicae, Lindero-Quercion mongolicae, Quercus mongolica Typical community, Populus davidiana-Quercus mongolica community, Pinus koraiensis-Taxus cuspidata community, Pinus densiflora-Carex humilis var. nana community, Betula costata-Betula ermanii community. It is considered that the slight difference of the flora and vegetation in the northern and southern slope is mostly due to the topographical and climatic difference. Even closer investigation is required for the more accurate comparison in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.100-114
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• 2018

Nationally designated Cultural Properties 'Scenic site No.12 Maisan Mountain, Jinan' designated areas and some protected areas, and taking into account the dynamics of naturalized plants causing problems, we will restore the original vegetation scenery of Mt. Maisan. The results of this study are as follows. A total of 76 families, 192 genera, 286 taxa, and inland and inhabited areas, 76 and 138 genera and 163 taxa were identified in the areas of Ammaibong. The total number of naturalized plants identified in this study area is 28 taxa total, which corresponds to 7.1% naturalization rate(NR) among the vascular plants of all 395 taxa, and the urbanization index(UI) corresponds to 8.4% of the 333 taxa of Korean naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbance plants identified in the survey area were Ambrosia artemisiifolia 1 taxa. The naturalized plants controlled and managed by separate anthropogenic vegetation management within the designation and protection area of Maisan scenic place are three species of herbaceous Rumex acetosella, A. artemisiifolia and Festuca arundinacea. It was identified as a breed. Indigofera bungeana and F. arundinacea communities around the stairway and Amorpha fruticosa, I. bungeana, A. artemisiifolia and Amaranthus patulus of the top of Am-Maibong were selected as the first priority sites for exclusion of exotic species in Maisan area and target naturalized plants species to the Ammaibong peak. In addition, R. acetosella community around the temple was suggested to be removed first to preserve endemic species. For the restoration of vegetation, we suggest that Stephanandra incisa, Spiraea blumei, Weigela subsessilis, etc. should be planted after removal of I. bungeana, and F. arundinacea, C. lanceolata, Carex callitrichos var. nana.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-142
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• 1996

This study was to establish the floristic composition and vegetation of resources vascular plants of Mt. Hansuk(1,119.1m; $128^{\circ}15';31'E,\;38^{\circ}02'55'N$). This work was conducted during the period of 1995. Resources vascular plants were composed of 85 families, 229 genera, 370 species, 72 varieties and 10 formae, totaling 452 taxa. Among the investigated resources plants, 15 taxa(2.6%) were Korean endemic species. The forest were comparatively well conserved by Pteridophyta calculation(Pte-Q), 1.34 Useful resources plants were edible source(43.8%), pasture source(38.1%), medicinal source(33.2%), ornamental source(11.9%) and timber source(4.9%) respectively. The forest vegetion was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances and 2 communities; Rhododendro - Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 Lindero - Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990 A. Lespedeza maximowiczii - Quercus mongolica Community B. Carex humilis v. nana - Pinus densiflora Community

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2001

In order to evaluate taxonomic status of Latcuca hallaisanensis H. $L{\acute{e}}v$., an endemic species of the Jeju-do Island, we investigated fruit wall structure and chromosome morphology. The fruit wall structure had 10-11 obtuse costae in the transverse section. The costa was wholly occupied by libriform fiber cells, and the underlying fibersclereid tissue was only one to three cells layers thick. Also, the intercosta lacked fiber-sclereid layers. Somatic chromosome numbers and karyotype of Latcuca hallaisanensis were recorded for the first time. This diploid species (2n=10) with the same basic number of x=5 has the total chromosome length $23.3{\mu}m$ and the length of each chromosome falls in $1.9{\mu}m-2.9{\mu}m$. It possess the karyotype complement i.e., 3sm+2st and a characteristic chromosome pair (No. 1 and 2) with a secondary constriction at the distal portion of the short arms. The overall similarity in external morphology (involucre, achene etc), chromosome morphology as well as in fruit wall anatomy between Lactuca hallaisanensis and Crepidiastrum s. lat. clearly indicated that this species should be treated as Crepidiastrum, rather than Lactuca.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.166-198
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• 2020

The flora of vascular plants in the Gibaeksan Mt. County Park and its neighboring mountains, located at the boundary between Geochang-gun and Hamyang-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do province in Korea, were surveyed for a total 46 times from April to September of 2011, in July of 2012, and from April of 2015 to August of 2018. The result of this survey revealed 659 taxa composed of 107 families, 346 genera, 583 species, 14 subspecies, 46 varieties and 6 forms. Among them, 25 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, and 18 taxa were rare and endangered plants of Korea. The floristic regional indicator plants including cultivated plants were 5 taxa of grade V, 5 taxa of grade IV, 29 taxa of grade III, 30 taxa of grade II and 38 taxa of grade I. Forty-three taxa of alien plants were found in this area. In addition, 500 taxa out of a total of 649 taxa were categorized by usage into eight groups, including among others an edible group containing 257 taxa, a medicinal group containing 206, a pasturing group containing 220, and an ornamental group containing 84, with some taxa belonging to more than one group. The flora of this surveyed area belongs to the southern province among the floral provinces of the Korean Peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-85
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• 1997

This study was to establish the floristic composition and vegetation of resources vascular plants of Mt. Mandukbong(1,035.3 m; $128^{\circ}$54'24'E, $37^{\circ}$36'53'N). This work were investigated during the period of 1996. Resources vascular plants were composed of 97 families, 298 genera, 406 species, 70 varieties and 8 formae, Totaling 484 taxa. Among the investigated resources plants. 15 taxa(2.6%) were Korean endemic species. The forest were comparatively well conservated by Pteridophyta calculation(Pte-Q), 1.1 Useful of resources plants were Edible source(46.7%), Pasture source(37.2%), Medicinal source(35.5%), Ornamental source(12.1%)and Timber source(5.9%) respectively. The forest vegetion was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances, 1 suballiances and 4 communities; Rhododendro - Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 Lindero - Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990 A. Typical community B. Quercus variablilis - Quercus mongolica Community Callicarpo - Quercenion serratae Kim 1990 C. Carex humilis v. nana - Pinus densiflora Community D. Juglans mandshurica - Urtica angustifloia community

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for preserving forest ecosystem with understanding forest wetland condition of Mt. Cheongok. It was found from this research that vascular plants of surveyed area were composed of 72 families, 167 genera, 209 species, and 2 subspecies, 27 varieties, 5 formae. totaling 243 taxa. Among the investigated vascular plants, Korea endemic plants were 9 species, rare plants 15 species, and naturalized plants 8 species, respectively. According to the occurrence frequency within the wetland investigated, obligate upland plants (OBU) accounted for 75.72% (184) among the total species investigated, wherea obligate wetland plant (OBW) were four species (4.65%). There were 26 of hygrophyte plants and 2 of emergent plants in the research area according to wet degree. According to habitat category, the most frequently occurred habitat was forest (136 species, 55.97%), and the others were in the order of meadow and shrubland (70 species, 28.81%), wet meadow (35 species, 14.40%), and aquatic environment (2 species, 0.82%), respectively. In the result of analysis of important value, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Carex pseudosinensis was the highest as 22.17% and 10.40%. It was confirmed that the species diversity was relatively high. Shannon-Wiener's species diversity index was calculated as 2.507. Based on these results, long-term monitoring survey should be urgently needed for ecological restoration and recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

The description of vegetation cover and floral composition was undertaken in terms of phytosociological study in Dodamsambong(scenic site no. 44) and Danyangseokmoon(no. 45). In this study a total of 17 $relev{\acute{e}}s$ containing 144 taxa were collected and analyzed. Eight plant communities are differentiated, grouped into 4 physiognomic types: forest type(Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Cynanchum wilfordii-Pinus densiflora community), mantle type(Cardamine leucantha-Neillia uekii community), secondary meadow type(Galium kinuta-Spodiopogon sibiricus community, Diarthron linifolium-Zoysia japonica community), and crevice type(Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community, Hypodematium glandulosopilosum community). The vegetation of Dodamsambong and Danyangseokmoon is characterized by local flora, such as calciphilous plants, geological distribution-limit species, and endemic species. The soil depth, slope, and human impact have been identified as the most important differentiating ecological factors. Buxus microphylla var. koreana-Thuja orientalis community, Tilia mandshurica-Quercus variabilis community, and Patrinia rupestris-Selaginella stauntoniana community were evaluated highly by National Vegetation Naturalness. In order to restore the value of specific landscape for scenic site, we should improve the problems of protected area such as wrong management on habitat, forest fragmentation by facilities and decline in vegetation by lack of growing the next succession.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2012

Seed morphology in the subtribe Agrimoniinae (Rosaceae) was examined using scanning electron microscopy to identify distinct characters and evaluate their evolution in a phylogenetic framework for five genera in the subtribe: Agrimonia L., Aremonia Neck. ex Nestl., Hagenia J.F. Gmel., Leucosidea Eckl. & Zeyh., and Spenceria Trimen. All genera have one or two mature achenes in a fruiting hypanthium. In the seed coats, the cell shape, size, wall features, and sculpturing vary across genera. Of most significance is the presence of papillae structures in both Agrimonia and Aremonia. Through the mapping of papillae features onto phylogenetic trees, either one or two changes in seed coats are hypothesized. The phylogenetic tree inferred from four nuclear and six chloroplast regions of sequence data suggests that at least two steps of papillae sculpturing on seed coats are required. On the other hand, in the phylogenetic tree of a low-copy nuclear gene, one independent evolutionary step is postulated to explain the current character states. In the latter hypothesis, the seed coat sculpturing also supports a monophyletic relationship for cosmopolitan Agrimonia and European endemic Aremonia. The seed coat sculpturing provides valuable information for inferring phylogenetic relationships at the generic level in the subtribe Agrimoniinae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.148-161
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness in Mt. Hwaak (931m). The vascular plants were consisted of total 338 taxa; 92 families, 248 genera, 281 species, 1 subspecies, 47 varieties and 9 forms. It corresponded to 6.9% of totally 4,881 taxa distributed in Korea. The economic plants of this area were 278 taxa. It corresponded to 82.2% of collected plants in this area. Among the economic plants, there were 154 taxa of edible source, 163 taxa of medicinal source, 58 taxa of ornamental source, 91 taxa of pastural source, 22 taxa of industrial source and 9 taxa of timber source. Korean endemic plants of this area were 9 taxa. The rare and endangered plants was 1 taxon, and the specific species floristically of $I\;{\sim}\;V$ grades were 21 taxa. The naturalized plants were 19 taxa and naturalized ratio was 5.6% and Urban index was 6.8%.