• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.62-65
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• 2006

This study investigated the behavior of R/C column confined with headed crossties subjected to eccentric loading. The 16 specimens are designed to have adequate confinement steel, determined by ACI seismic design. The variables studied in this research test are eccentricity to depth ratios, spacing of lateral steel and the anchor type of end of crossties. From the test results, all columns showed similar behavior up to the peak load but those columns laterally confined with head presented more ductile behavior after the peak load. The comparisons indicate that the flexural behavior of confined-concrete columns can be computed resonable accurately by P-M interaction curve.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.465-485
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• 2017

In this paper, free vibration and static response of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) beams has been investigated. To this end, a 3D finite element formulation has been derived by minimization the total potential energy and linear constitutive equation. The coupling between elastic, electric and magnetic fields can have a significant influence on the stiffness and in turn on the static behaviour of MEE beam. Further, different Barium Titanate ($BaTiO_3$) and Cobalt Ferric oxide ($CoFe_2O_4$) volume fractions results in indifferent coupled response. Therefore, through the numerical examples the influence of volume fractions and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of MEE beam is illustrated. The study is extended to evaluate the static response of MEE beam under various forms of mechanical loading. It is seen from the numerical evaluation that the volume fractions, loading and boundary conditions have a significant effect on the structural behaviour of MEE structures. The observations made here may serve as benchmark solutions in the optimum design of MEE structures.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1026-1038
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• 1999

Interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon/epoxy composite materials has been studied under tensile and flexural loading by the use of width tapered double cantilever beam(WTDCB) and end notched flexure(ENF) specimens. This study has significantly examined the effect of various interfacial ply orientation, ${\alpha}(0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ})$ and crack propagation direction, ${\theta}(0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ})$ in terms of critical strain energy release rate through experiments. Twelve differently layered laminates were investigated. The data reduction for evaluating the fracture energy is based on compliance method and beam theory. Beam theory is used to analyze the effect of crack propagation direction. The geometry and lay-up sequence of specimens are considered various conditions such as skewness parameter, beam volume, and so on. The results show that the fiber bridging occurred due to the non-midplane crack propagation and causes the difference of fracture energy evaluated by both methods. For safer and more reliable composite structures, we obtain the optimal stacking sequence from initial fracture energy in each mode.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2008

경남 양산시 Y여중학교 1,2학년 24명을 대상으로 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동군 8명, 음악줄넘기 운동군 8명, 대조군 8명으로 분류하여 운동전 후 혈액성분과 성장호르몬의 변화를 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 중량부하 음악줄기 운동과 혈중지질의 집단별 비교에서 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동군은 WBC, RBC, 글루코스, T-C, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C 등에서 증감을 보여 유의성이 있었고(p<0.05), 음악줄넘기 운동군은 RBC, T-C, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C 등에서 증감을 보여 유의성이 있었으며(p<0.05), 대조군은 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동군과 성장호르몬의 집단별 비교에서 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동군은 성장호르몬이 증가하여 유의성이 있었고(p<0.05), 음악줄넘기 운동군도 성장호르몬이 증가하여 유의성이 있었으며(p<0.05), 대조군은 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동이 혈액성분과 성장호르몬의 변화에 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본연구의 실험대상자수가 적었고, 12주라는 실험기간이 짧았기 때문에 이를 일반화하여 해석하는 것은 주의가 필요할 것으로 생각되지만, 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동이 자라나는 청소년들의 운동처방과 운동프로그램 작성에 참고자료로 활용 가능하리라 사려 된다. 또한 성장기 때의 중량부하 음악줄넘기 운동의 중요성을 인식시키고 학교의 체육수업 현장에서 활용될 수 있는 체계적인 교육이 따라야 할 것이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2004

하이브리드 복합재료(Hybrid composites) 의 층간 파괴 인성치에 영향을 주는 인자 중 적층순서, 하중점변위율, 초기크랙길이를 변화 시켰을 때의 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) CF/CF, CF/GF. GF/GF로 적층하였을 경우 층간파괴인성치값은 서로 같은 계면을 성형한 것보다 서로 다른 계면을 적층한 CF/GF의 경우가 강도면에서 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. (2) 하중점변위율은 미세한 변동은 있었으나, 하중점변위율의 영향은 거의 받기 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 초기크랙을 변화시켰을 때, 초기크랙길이의 영향은 일정하지 않았다. CF/CF인 경우는 초기크랙이 짧은 경우, CF/GF. GF/GF인 경우는 초기크랙이 긴 경우에 높은 값을 나타났다. 이것은 GF 섬유가 직조형태의 프리프레그로 되어 있어 크랙의 진전에 따라 섬유부스러기 등의 생성에 따른 영향이라고 생각된다. (4) 적층순서에 따라 파면의 섬유 분포 형태가 달랐으며 CF/GF인 경우가 섬유의 파손형태가 가장 복잡하게 나타났으며, 이것이 높은 층간파괴인성치를 나타내는 원인이라고 판단된다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.527-536
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 박판 탄소강 일면전단 2행 2열 볼트접합부의 블록전단파단거동과 면외변형의 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 하중직각 방향 연단거리, 볼트직경, 피치, 게이지 치수를 고정하고 블록전단파단이 발생하도록 실험체를 계획한다. 접합평판의 두께, 하중방향연단거리를 주요변수로 설정한다. 단순인장 실험을 실시하고 블록전단파단 양상, 최대내력을 현행의 설계기준식에 의한 예측치와 비교한다. 또한, 판 두께와 연단거리에 따른 하중방향과 직각방향으로 발생하는 면외변형의 발생조건을 조사하고 면외변형의 발생으로 인한 내력저하정도를 고찰한다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.435-439
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• 2002

In the pneumatic system, pneumatic cylinder is wildly used to factory automation. In general, Pneumatic cylinder problems are occured with colliding to stroke end part at which piston collide to end-cap, head cap and tube when piston is loading. This appearances have a short life of cylinder and is due to system destruction. This study examines the dynamic characteristics of pneumatic cushioning cylinder and cushion sleeve design. At head part cushion chamber for the vertical experimental, The decisions of cushioning effect and the results of the experimental research are obtained to the followings: i) The cushioning effects could acqure to the reserch, if the compressible energy is more than kinetic ones. ii) The collision of piston and head cover could acqure to the research, if the kinetic energy is more than compressible iii) If the load increase to the rolling car, the cushion region pressures would increase and the dynamic force.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.577-598
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• 2018

The imperfect steel-concrete interface bonding is an important deficiency of the concrete-filled double skin tubular (CFDST) columns that led to separating concrete and steel surfaces under lateral loads and triggering buckling failure of the columns. To improve this issue, it is proposed in this study to use longitudinal and transverse steel stiffeners in CFDST columns. CFDST columns with different patterns of stiffeners embedded in the interior or exterior surfaces of the inner or outer tubes were analyzed under constant axial force and reversed cyclic loading. In the finite element modeling, the confinement effects of both inner and outer tubes on the compressive strength of concrete as well as the effect of discrete crack for concrete fracture were incorporated which give a realistic prediction of the seismic behavior of CFDST columns. Lateral strength, stiffness, ductility and energy absorption are evaluated based on the hysteresis loops. The results indicated that the stiffeners had determinant role on improving pinching behavior resulting from the outer tube's local buckling and opening/closing of the major tensile crack of concrete. The lateral strength, initial stiffness and energy absorption capacity of longitudinally stiffened columns with fixed-free end condition were increased by as much as 17%, 20% and 70%, respectively. The energy dissipation was accentuated up to 107% for fixed-guided end condition. The use of transverse stiffeners at the base of columns increased energy dissipation up to 35%. Axial load ratio, hollow ratio and concrete strength affecting the initial stiffness and lateral strength, had negligible effect of the energy dissipation of the columns. It was also found that the longitudinal stiffeners and transverse stiffeners have, respectively, negative and positive effects on ductility of CFDST columns. The conclusions, drawn from this study, can in turn, lead to the suggestion of some guidelines for the design of CFDST columns.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1940-1949
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• 2015

This paper presents an Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) to solve short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHS) problem with non-convex fuel cost function and a variety of operational constraints related to hydro and thermal units. The operators of the conventional PSO are dynamically controlled using exponential functions for better exploration and exploitation of the search space. The overall methodology efficiently regulates the velocity of particles during their flight and results in substantial improvement in the conventional PSO. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested for STHS of two standard test generating systems while considering several operational constraints like system power balance constraints, power generation limit constraints, reservoir storage volume limit constraints, water discharge rate limit constraints, water dynamic balance constraints, initial and end reservoir storage volume limit constraints, valve-point loading effect, etc. The application results show that the proposed EPSO method is capable to solve the hard combinatorial constraint optimization problems very efficiently.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

There are numerous factors that affect stress distribution in a buried pipe, such as the shape, size, and stiffness of the pipe, its burial depth, and the stiffness of the surrounding soil. In addition, the pipe can benefit from the soil arching effect to some extent, through which the overburden and surcharge pressure at the crown can be carried by the adjacent soil. As a result, the buried pipe needs to support only a portion of the load that is not transferred to the adjacent soil. This paper presents numerical efforts to investigate the stress distribution in the buried concrete pipe under various environmental conditions. To that end, a nonlinear elasto-plastic model for backfill materials was implemented into finite element software by a user-defined subroutine (user material, or UMAT) to more precisely analyze the soil behavior surrounding a buried concrete pipe subjected to surface loading. In addition, three different backfill materials with a native soil were selected to examine the material-specific stress distribution in pipe. The environmental conditions considering in this study the loading effect and void effects were investigated using finite element method. The simulation results provide information on how the pressures are redistributed, and how the buried concrete pipe behaves under various environmental conditions.