• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-96
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• 2001

The recent economic crisis started at the end of 1997 has brought about changes in labor market practices. One of them is rapid increase in the ratio of workers with alternative employment arrangement, so-called contingent workers. This type of arrangement, unlike traditional employment arrangement, makes employers properly adjust employment to business cycles and it also makes it possible for employees to solve time and spatial constraints related to labor supply. However, recent experience has revealed its negative characteristics such as lower wage rate, deficient fringe benefits, insufficient job security. Using the data from the first and the second wave of the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey, this study focuses on change in the tendency of being contingent workers and decomposition of the wage differentials among regular and contingent workers by estimating the switching regression model. Results show that the recent crisis significantly contributed to probabilities of being contingent workers, especially for women, the young, the older, and the lowly educated. Decomposition shows that one quarter or one third of 35% of wage differentials are due to the price effect that the same productive characteristics are differently paid by the types of employment arrangements.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.661-669
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the difference in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction by gender and to explore the influences of demographic status. employment characteristics. and job satisfaction/marital satisfaction on each type of satisfaction. Method: Social statistics survey data collected by National Statistical Office in 1998 were used for the secondary analysis in the study. Job satisfaction was measured by questionnaires, which consisted of 12 items such as task, promotion, placement, wage, benefits, future in the work, working environment, human relationship. and working hours. And marital satisfaction was collected by questionnaires which consisted of 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Result: The results show that more than 60% of women were working as part-time employees. Their education levels were lower than men. Men were satisfied significantly more in their jobs than women. Men also had higher marital satisfaction. The employment status had the most important factor on the job satisfaction. and the marital satisfaction was the second important factor among women and men. As for the age, while older men showed higher job satisfaction, younger women showed higher job satisfaction, 28.04% of the variance in the job satisfaction for men and 33.86% for women were accounted for by the following variables: the younger age. the higher education. job satisfaction, and the higher marital satisfaction, 22.15% of the variance in the marital satisfaction for men and 21.19% for women were accounted for by these variables. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were differences in job satisfaction and marital satisfaction between genders, and that job satisfaction and marital satisfaction influenced each other. Employment status was the most predictive factor on the job satisfaction. Married women had an unstable employment status such as part-time position. The stability of employment could be considered as a strategy for enhancing job satisfaction for both sexes. The reason that women had lower marital satisfaction than men will have to be further investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2021

Currently, the construction industry is decreasing every year due to people's poor perception, high labor intensity, unstable employment structure, and welfare problems, as people avoid entry. Accordingly, this study investigated how to attract trainees and graduates from domestic construction education institutions to the construction industry. If institutional devices are prepared to prepare for the future by improving the welfare system such as unemployment benefits and retirement deductions in the construction industry, many trainees in their 20s and 30s will be attracted to the construction industry. If it helps expand hands-on education through on-site linkage and has the necessary technical skills for practice, it is believed that trainees and graduates in their 4s and 60s will be attracted to the construction industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.329-343
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• 2014

This research investigated the effects of university library users' use patterns and their recognition of service benefits on the magnitude of service value assessments derived from users' statements using contingent valuation method (CVM). Library users' use patterns were operationalized by the number of library visits, library website visit counts and the degree of dependence on their own libraries. User benefits variables were measured by the level of satisfaction on the benefits of library use for teaching & instruction, research & writings, and employment & external activities. University library services were divided into circulation, journal articles (domestic & foreign), reference service, user education, reading room service and WTPs for each service were measured. The results from hypotheses testing show that the number of library visits affect WTP amounts for circulation, foreign article use, reference service and user education. The degree of library dependence seems to affect WTP amounts for circulation and user education. With regards to the hypotheses related to the recognition of library service benefits, the degree of satisfaction for teaching & instruction benefits seems to affect WTP amounts for reading room use.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.19-45
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• 2020

This study is to evaluate economic effect of the creation project of snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, spawning and habitat ground in Uljin and Youngdeok county. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: first, 14,400 million won was invested in the creation project cost of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground of Uljin and Youngdeok County from 2015 to 2020. Second, the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground directly provides fishing benefits, festival benefits, research and development benefits and employment benefits. Third, on the basis of above benefits, the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground has net present value of 29,900.53 million won, internal rate of return 16.9%, and benefit-cost of 2.91 under a 4.5% social discount rate. Also, the creation project creates 195 jobs. This indicates that the creation project of Chionoecetes opilio spawning and habitat ground not only contributes to the increase in the income of coastal fishery and fishing villages but also to the job making. The result of this study provides useful information to policy makers or project managers as it shows that the project to create spawning and habitat ground should be carried out in consideration of the resource and biological characteristics of individual fish and that economic assessment logic should also be developed based on this. Also, it proves that the project to create a snow crab spawning and habitat ground is a national and local infrastructure project that increases the actual fishing income in the region. At the same time, it maintains the reproducibility function of most fish species, along with enhancing the people's benefits such as fishing village tourism and marine product consumption. Moreover, it provides useful information on budgeting for the continuous development of snow crab spawning and habitat ground in the mid to long-term.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.109-129
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate economic effect of the creation project of Octopus Ochellatu spawning and habitat ground in Taean County. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: first, the creation project cost of Octopus Ochellatus spawning and habitat ground invested in Taean from 2015 to 2017 was 3,400 million won. Second, The creation project of Octopus Ochellatus spawning and habitat ground directly provides fishing benefits, recreational boat fishing benefits, festival benefits, research and development benefits, and employment benefits. Third, on the basis of above benefits, the creation project of Octopus Ochellatus spawning and habitat ground has a net present value of 14,478 million won, internal rate of return 60.8%, and benefit-cost of 5.03 under a 4.5% social discount rate. Also, the creation project creates 47 jobs. This indicates that the creation project of Octopus Ochellatus spawning and habitat ground contributes not only to the increase in the income of coastal fishery, recreational boat fishing business and fishing villages but also to the job making. In conclusion, with all these results, a project for making spawning grounds and habitats in the specified region gives species more numerically abundant and this gives more profits to fishermen in the coastal area. In addition, this project helps to make attractions to visitors or people who came to those specified regions to participate in events or have recreation, which means it improves profits to that fishing village and improve a settlement condition.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Density of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) devices has been doubled through the employment of multi-level cell (MLC) technology. However, this doubled-capacity comes in the expense of severe performance degradation, as compared to the conventional single-level cell (SLC) PCM. This negative effect on the performance of the MLC PCM detracts from the potential benefits of the MLC PCM. This paper introduces an efficient way of minimizing the performance degradation while maximizing the capacity benefits of the MLC PCM. To this end, we propose a location-aware hybrid management of SLC and MLC in compressed PCM main memory systems. Our trace-driven simulations using real application workloads demonstrate that the proposed technique enhances the performance and energy consumption by 45.1% and 46.5%, respectively, on the average, over the conventional technique that only uses a MLC PCM.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1998

We analysed the determinants of part-timer labor demand and supply in Kwangju. The findings of the paper are as follows; First, firms employ part-timer workers in the unskilled or skilled jobs not demanding much training cost. There are two reasons for firms to employ part-time workers: labor cost cut and flexible employment adjustment. Estimated wage differential is 40% not including fringe benefits differential. Second, we find lots of married women to want part-time jobs. The more probably married women choose part-time work, the younger and the less educated they are, and the less kids and the less other income they have.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.5-21
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the employment policy for persons with disabilities on their employment rates. The subjects were 10 OECD counties of which policies are based on quotas or the prohibition of discrimination. The time-series data for the analysis were collected for 12 years from 2000 to 2011. A Panel-Corrected Standard Error(PCSE) analysis was conducted for the time-series cross-sectional data of this study. As a result, unemployment rates, proportions of persons with disabilities, and public expenditures on disability and sickness benefits(in % GDP) were statistically significant among control variables, while the coverages of discrimination prohibition and the types of delivery systems of vocational rehabilitation for persons with disabilities among the employment policy variables. The wider the coverages of discrimination prohibition are, the higher the employment rates of the disabled are. In addition, the employment rates of the disabled are higher in countries with specialized delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation than in countries with general delivery systems for vocational rehabilitation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.315-331
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• 2014

The goal of this study was to examine the association between employment and depressive symptoms among older adults in Korea, including analysis of potential gender differences. Using a sample of Korean adults aged 60 years or older from the 2008(Time 2) and 2010(Time 3) national longitudinal survey data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we regressed measures of depressive symptoms at Time 3 on employment at Time 2 (and employment both at Time 2 and Time 3), controlling for Time 2 depressive symptoms, subjective physical health, and sociodemographic variables as well. First, there was no evidence that older adults with a job at Time 2 had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms at Time 3 compared to their counterparts. However, multi-group analyses showed that the effect of employment at Time 2 on depression at Time 3 differed by gender. For older men, employment predicted better mental health over time. However, this was not the case for older women. As such work role provided benefits only for older men. Second, older adults with a job at both Time 2 and Time 3 reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms at Time 3 than older adults who did not have a job either at Time 2 or Time 3. However, only older men who were employed at both Time 2 and Time 3 reported significantly less depression than their counterparts. These findings suggest that the mental health effects of employment are contingent on gender.