• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to obtain information about the performance of breast-feeding by employed mother and the supportive accommodation in the work place. The survey questionnaire was answered by 323 employed mothers who had child over the six months and visited the pediatric clinic in the hospital and the public health center in Seoul. The results were as follows : 1. Of the 323 employed mothers, 4.7% of mothers performed breast-feeding, 58.3% of mothers did artificial-feeding and 37% of mothers did mixed-feeding during the six months after birth of baby. 2. The characteristics of employed mothers found to be related breast-feeding include Age, Education, Number of Baby, Type of Delivery, Place of Delivery, Obtaining Information On Breast-Feeding. 3. The performance of breast-feeding during the work was different significantly according to the mother's job(medical and non-medical) and the method of feeding. 4. The reasons why they could not perform the breast-feeding include not enough time because of working(80.4%) and lack of knowledge about breast-feeding method with combining employment. 5. The results showed that the rest supports of the work environment was insufficient to perform breast-feeding in he workplace except maternal leave.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 2012

This study investigated the pathways of factors affecting 173 employed mothers' second childbirth plans. Participants were all employed working mothers with an infant under 10 months old. The hypothetical model used in this research proposed that workplace childcare support, social support, value of children and parenting stress of employed mothers will directly affect second childbirth plans. Additionally, workplace childcare support, social support, value of children, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction will indirectly influence second childbirth plans as a result of parenting stress. The results of this research demonstrated that value of children and parenting stress were the factors which directly affected second childbirth plans of employed mothers. In addition, workplace childcare support, social support, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction indirectly influenced second childbirth plans as a result of parenting stress. This study suggests the need for the establishment and development of workplace childcare support and the need for enhancing the value of children. This research further suggests the need for policies aimed at increasing psychological well-being and decreasing parenting stress for working mothers who are contemplating second childbirth plans.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 1993

The purpose of this study were to collect the data for searching the better day care service programs among the employed mothers of the urban low income class. The Subject were 280 low income class employed mothers with the child under age of six, who lived at the Gwang-ju City. The frequency, percentage, and χ2test were calculated for the analysis of the collected data. The Results were as follows ; 1) Most of the urban low income class employed mothers needed day care facilities. 2) Urban low income class employed mothers preferred a center-based day care program to any other type of day care program. They also preferred the whole-day day care service 8 A.M. to 6 pp.M. rather than the half-day care service. Mothers with the child at the age of 3 to 6 years mostly wanted day care program service. 3) They expected the government or their companies to support considerable amount of day care service fee. Most of mothers emphasized the child's every day life's and love for the children was most preferred. Mothers also wanted 14-16 years for teacher's education career.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

This study explored the effects of parenting efficacy and parental role satisfaction on the life-satisfaction of employed and unemployed mothers. The 527 mothers(234 employed, and 277 unemployed), with a child under 7 years old, were selected for this study. The results were as follows. First, employment had significant correlations with several factors, including the number of children, family income, educational level of parents, parent-child relations, preparedness for parental role conflict, and life-satisfaction. Second, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction had positive relationships with various factors, including family income, fathers' educational level, parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction; whereas, that of unemployed mothers had positive relationships with parenting efficacy, and parental role satisfaction. Third, for employed mothers, life-satisfaction was affected by several factors, such as family income, parental role satisfaction, parent-child relations, and preparedness for parental role conflict; however, unemployed mothers were affected by the number of children, the fathers' educational level, and self-confidence relating to the parental role, general satisfaction, and preparedness for parental role conflict.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.939-950
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• 2008

The purposes of this study are 1) to investigate the employment status of the elderly(i.e., whether the elderly is employed or not) in Ulsan, 2) to analyze the differences in household economic life between employed and unemployed old People, and 3) only for the employed old people, to compare the monthly earnings and job satisfaction by the work time of per day and by the regular employee or temporary employee. for this study, semi-structural questionnaires were distributed to 500 old people in Ulsan, in September, 2006. The results indicated that only 25% of the respondents were employed, and the employment status of the elderly was related to sex, age, education level, marital status, household composition, number of dwelling persons, and number of children. for household economic life, employed old people had higher household income and monthly allowances than unemployed old people, while they spent more on clothing, but less on food than unemployed old people. Regular old employees had higher monthly earnings and job satisfaction than temporary old employees. And the old employees working for more than 8 hours per day had higher monthly earnings than those working for less than 8 hours, but there was no significant difference in job satisfaction between the two groups.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 2000

The family financial management is the important element which has a effect on the improvement of family economic well-being. Thus the study sets up human & material resources and requirement as an input factor, family financial management as an throughput factor, and economic well-being as an output factor, and then identifies if there are some relationships among them by using a systematic approach of family financial management. The questionaires were distributed to 600 employed wives by carrying out cluster sampling and disproportional stratified sampling. The 573 cases of them were used as the mean, ratio, Pearson’s Correration, ANOVA, factors analysis, and Stepwise Regression using the SAS/PC+. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1) A practical application of information as on input variable, appears the fator which has an important effect upon the throughput factor, that is, family financial management. The employed wives should manage a lot of resources in rapidly changing social-economic circustances. So it shows that not only they should take informations open to their daily life and then make practical use of them in managing their family finance, but also they must be capable of judging and accepting reasonable informations in order to gain and manage resources suitable to the characteristics of family finance and family members’need. 2) There was significant relationship between the employed wives’family financial management and family economic well-being, focused on the systematic theory of family financial management. This study provides for the information to develope the program for the employed wives’family financial planning and counseling.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine physical health and depression by women's employment status and role satisfaction, and to identify significant predictors for women's health status. Method: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 181 women who were employed or not employed whose child was attending an elementary school through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, 2-way ANCOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Result: Employed women had poorer physical health than that of nonemployed women and women who had greater satisfaction as a parent reported better physical health and lower level of depression than who had lower satisfaction with covariates. Predictor for better physical health after controlling for covariates was being not employed, greater satisfaction with worker's role if employed, and greater satisfaction with parent's role. Women who had lower level of depression reported greater satisfaction with their social roles, but occupancy of multiple roles and role satisfaction as worker were not related to depression. Conclusion: Role quantity and role quality seem to be very important factors to maintain better physical and psychological well-being in women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.808-817
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare job satisfaction and factors related to job satisfaction between permanently and temporarily employed dietitians in school foodservices in the Gyeongsangnam-do area. A total of 204 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The average age, length of employment, and monthly wage of temporarily employed dietitians was significantly lower than those of permanently employed dietitians. However, there was no significant difference of overall job satisfaction between permanently and temporarily employed dietitians, although the average pay, welfare benefits, and promotion factors for permanently employed dietitians was significantly higher. Work and pay factors had significant effects on the overall job satisfaction of permanently employed dietitians, while work factors and work atmosphere had significant effects on the overall job satisfaction of temporarily employed dietitians. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in overall factors related to job satisfaction between permanently employed dietitian and temporarily employed dietitians. The pay, welfare benefits, and promotion condition of temporarily employed dietitians should be improved to ensure the efficient management of the school foodservice workforce in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1994

the purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the real life of urban employed husbands and their wives(2) the balance between labor force reproduction and the labor force consumption(3) and the share of family responsibility by analysis patterns of their time use. Data for 227 couples were gatherd from using structured questionnaire and time diary. (1) Because of Husbands' long labor time and employed wives' roleoverload their social-cultural time is too short which means the pattern of their time use are very unbalanced type. (2) Regardless of wives' employment status husbands' housework time is too short which means that family responsibility is scarcely shared.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.145-162
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare time use pattern of Korean working couples with those of Japanese counterparts. The data for240 Korean couples living in Seoul and 162 Japanese couples living in Tokyo were collected using structured questionnaire and time diary. The time use patterns of couples were analyzed according to employed status of wives. The results were as follows. The similar time use patterns were found between couples of two country. However the amount of time allocated for daily activities was found to be somewhat different. The amount of time spent by husbands on paid and house work was found to be different according to their wives employment status. The orean husbands of full-time employed wives and the Japanese husbands of part time employed wives spent the longest time on paid work. The Japanese husbands of full-time employed wives spent much more time on housework than those of Korean counterparts did. The social-cultural time of Korean couples was enerally longer than that of Japanese couples. The Korean couples spent more time on watching TV whereas the Japanese couples used more time doing family activities hobbies and moving for social-cultural activities.