The purpose of this study is evaluate by using ready prepared question-naires consist of items including perceived stressors. locus of control and distress to classify the different characteristics due to occupations and ages. The sampling groups ranges from 20 generations to 50 generations employed wives living with husband and children dwelling in Seoul. Finally, the sampling data used in this study are the number of 412. The major findings are as follows; (1) All employed wives feel less perceived stressors but more perceived stressors for insufficient understanding of their childrens, overload of housework, willingness of stop of employment by their parents of both families, economic expenditures, and various problems in work places. (2) There appear signigicant differences for perceived stressors and mental and physical distress due to the occupations and the ages of employed wives. Otherwise the locus of control appear clear differences due to the ages only. The more perceived stressors and mental and physical distress appear for laborious and service occupation than professional and administrative occupation. (3) The variables related to physical distress and mental distress are occupation, age, martial status and work allocation of housework, relationship childrens and relationship kinship.
This study aimed to analyze the attitudes which married women, who are employed or not, have to the four flexible work conditions; flexible working hours, home-based work, guarantee of reentering into the work place, and a certain allocation of women's labor force. Whether the married women were employed or not, they showed a favorable attitude to the four flexible work conditions. For the married women who were not employed, their age, education level, husband's occupation, their wanted income(if they have a job), and work experience were significant variables to affect the attitudes to each work condition. In contrast to above results, the attitudes to each work condition that the employed women had were significantly different according to more various variables including personal variables, child related variables, and work related variables. suggest that married women hoped the sex conscious systems would be introduced in the labor market.
Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
/
v.4
no.1
/
pp.57-63
/
1978
Hourly earnings of the employed U. S. women are regressed upon a set of independent variables, separately for white and nonwhite women. In support of the human capitalist's point of view higher hourly earnings are positively associated with number of years of education completed, attainment of vocational training either at the company or/and non company training. In addition to education one's obtainments of certain occupational certificate and one's assignment of occupation in the order of the Duncan prestige index and years of work experience since leaving school are also significantly related to hourly earnings. Women workers employed at the government sector or employed in an industry where proportion of female is smaller than average earn more than those at private sector or at industries of high female composition.
The objective of this study was to investigate the employed mother's work-mother role conflict according to the mother's work variables and parenting time. For this purpose, 202 employed mothers in dual-income family answered the questionnaire. The data were analysed by t-test, F-test, correlations and regressions. The findings of this study were: 1. Mother's role conflict showed significant difference and relationship in mother's work variables(flexibility of duty, irregular duty). 2. Mother's role conflict showed significant difference and relationship in mother's parenting time(mother-child activities, parenting time). 3. Employed mother's flexibility of duty and parenting time were correlated positively with mother's role conflict. Mother's irregular duty and mother-child activities were negatively with mother's role conflict. 4. Employed mother's work variables and parenting time influenced the mother's rolr conflict.
There is a widespread concern that women's increasing involvement in dual role (job plus family role) may harm their physical health. Longevity of women is longer than that of men. By contrast, prevalence rate is higher in women than men, and No. of prevalence days, No. of days in bed and No. of days with treatment are more in women. Generally, women live longer, but women are worse in health status than men. Rate of labor participation in women is increasing gradually in Korea. This study presents an analysis of the relationships between employment. marital status and health for both Korean women and men to examine how women's increasing involvements in dual role affect their physical health. The data used in this analysis were collected by The National Statistical Office in the spring of 1992. Households, which were sampled by using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method, were interviewed. Response rate was 99.43%. Of these, student or widowed or divorced people were excluded. 47,552 women and men aged 21-50 were available for the analysis. Health status was measured by self-assessed health status (1=excellent, 5=poor), No. of prevalent days, No. of days with treatment, and No. of days in bed in two previous weeks. And control variables are age, and education. Research findings are as follows : 1. Men have better self-rated health, fewer prevalent days, fewer days in bed, and fewer days with treatment than women. 2. The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. 3. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. 4. Interaction effects of sex, marital status, employment are significant. This finding shows that effects of empolyment, marital status on health status is not same for women and men. 5. For male, employed people are more healthier than non-employed people. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. This differences are significant. For female, The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. However, no differences are noticed between the married and the unmarried in health status. In conclusion, there is no evidence that women's involvements in dual role affect their physical health negatively.
Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
/
v.17
no.1
/
pp.19-38
/
2013
The objectives of this study were to examine how the consciousness of resource saving affects the resource-saving behaviors of urban employed wives and to induce their rational resource-saving behaviors by identifying related variables. This study also analyzed some correlations between the resource-saving consciousness and behaviors of urban employed wives to provide basic information for laying the foundations of a green growth culture. The subjects of this study were selected from among employed wives living in the urban areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area. The study was conducted from June 11 to August 7, 2011. A total of 620 questionnaires were collected, and 592 of them were used in the analysis. Data was analyzed via the SPSS 18.0 program to calculate frequencies, mean and standard variation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical, and multiple regression analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the resource-saving consciousness and behaviors of urban employed wives. That is, their resource-saving behavior was higher their consciousness of resource saving was high. Furthermore, the most influential variables affecting the resource-saving behaviors of urban employed wives were: the subjects' job type, with specialist or office work; reference groups, such as family, relatives, and neighbors; and low levels of conspicuous consumption habits. Among the variables, the influence of reference groups had the highest explanatory power.
Park, Gang-Won;Lee, Jung-Un;Kim, Hae-Kyung;Moon, Ok-Ryun
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
/
v.25
no.4
s.40
/
pp.333-342
/
1992
The purpose of this study is to estimate the minimum optimal scale(MOS) of the self-employed health insurance associations. Considering the high proportion of operating expenses, the author have selected 254 regional health insurance associations eon the 1990 Finance Report of the self-employed health insurance programs. Both a quadratic function and a hyperbolic function were chosen for the analysis. The dependent variables are the average maintenance cost per insured person and per household, and the independent variables are the number of insured members and of household The minimum optimal scale was obtained from the differentiation of the quadratic function. Major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The M.O.S. was calculated as 166,174 members (27,442 households) for the rural self-employed health insurance associations and 258,462 members (75,446 households) for the urban. Providing that both the rural and urban health insurance associations would be integrated, the M.O.S. be found to become 231,687 members (68,101 households) 2. Compared with the optimal minimum scale, the magnitude of the current health insurance association found to be much smaller, less than half of the optimal scale. 3. In order to reduce the operating cost, it is necessary to enlarge the operational scale of self-employed health insurance associations.
Kim, Young-Phil;Lee, Sang-Sun;Lee, Bong-Soo;Chang, Dong-Kuk;Park, Kang-Chul
Journal of architectural history
/
v.16
no.4
/
pp.95-110
/
2007
In spite of the increasing significance on a scale of building measurement unit and its system having been used in many areas of architecture, only a few researchers carried out the studies on a specific period. It is even harder to find a research results dealt in view of architecture. This research gives a focus on different types of scales employed in the ancient buildings and their sites, based on the research results of unit scale or scales found in recent excavations. After the review of literature on the scales widely used in the ancient times and of the various types of scales excavated archeologically, a kind of scale unit system that had been widely and extensively employed throughout the period of 'Three Kingdoms' could be revealed. The scale system is possibly able to be applied to estimate the exact scale of buildings and their sites as well in that era. The research results show that the scale and its system employed in the East and West buildings and their sites of 'Kum-dang' in 'Mi-ruk Sa' temple are different from 'Kokuryo' scale that was believed in to be used in the temple. Contrary to the suggestion by excavation report on the type of scale employed in the buildings their sites, a scale of 29 centimeters, similar to that of Tang, was employed. It was also found that one module consists of three 'Chuk's of 88.8 centimeters. Based on this scale system, we could conclude that three modules of the buildings on the front and two and half modules of them on the sides were explained by this scale and its system.
The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the employment characteristics of the elderly over 65 years old and to compare those that have experienced no job change in the last 10 years with another group that have experienced job change at least once in the last 10 years. From the 10th wave data(KLIP), participants who were over 65 years old were chosen and their employment status for the last 10 years was reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: first, the analysis of demographic profiles indicated that householders and elderly couples with low education levels and low socioeconomic status were more likely to be employed compared to others. Second, in terms of work-related characteristics, it was revealed that the elderly who were employed tended to be non-paid workers, employers, and self-employed workers, primarily in the farming, fishing, forestry, and the mining industries, these were the elderly workers who had experienced job change three times or more in the last 10 years. Third, the analysis of economic characteristics indicated that elderly who were employed tended to rely more on private income transfers. Last, when the elderly who had experienced no job change in the last 10 years were compared to the elderly who had experienced job change in the last 10 years, the two groups differed significantly in terms of employment status, type of business, and occupation category.
Purpose: Child Health nurse practitioners (CHNPs) in Korea have important roles in disease management and health promotion for children and adolescents. Yet, practices of CHNPs licensed and employed in hospitals have not been adequately identified. Thus, in this study the scope of practice by CHNPs and job satisfaction and stress were investigated and compared according to the CHNPs' position in the working place. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. All 53 licensed CHNPs participated in the mail survey which included a 71-item questionnaire on job performance and job satisfaction and a job contents questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare CHNPs employed as nurse practitioner (NP) and CHNPs employed as staff nurses. Results: Compared to CHNPs employed as staff nurses, CHNPs employed as NPs more frequently provided education, environment management, coordination and research in their practice areas. No significant difference was found in job satisfaction between the two groups except for the administration and income subdomains. Only the physical exertion subdomain in job stress was stressful to CHNP employed as staff nurse. Conclusions: Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.