• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1125-1138
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• 2018

During earthquakes, braces behave in complex manners because of the asymmetric response nature of their responses in tension and compression. Hollow structural sections (HSS) have been popularly used for braces due to their sectional efficiency in compression. The purpose of this study is to accurately simulate the cyclic behavior of rectangular HSS braces using a computationally efficient numerical model. A conceptually efficient and simple physical theory model is used as a basis model. To improve the accuracy of the model, cyclic beam growth and buckling load, as well as the incidences of local buckling and brace fracture are estimated using empirical equations obtained from regression analyses using test data on rectangular HSS braces. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing actual and simulated cyclic curves of brace specimens with various slenderness and width-to-thickness ratios.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1982

The simple logistic growth model on the logistic curve, being originally a kind of population growth curve has also been sometimes utilized to describe growth curves in herbaceous plants such as duckweed and sun-flowers. It has already been recognized that the agreement between the theoretical calculations and the empirical observations is quite satisfactory form a practical point of view. It remains, however, still doubtful whether the logistic curve could be applied to the growth or ordinary woody plants which is quite different in its character from that of herbaceous plants. In this study, the simple logistic model, being a basic tool of stand density management, is applied to yield data from pine stands in order to test the adequacy of the model An attempt of testing the significance of the fit is made by applying the Chi-square test.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Purpose - The study investigates the influence of tourism and hospitality industry on economic growth and CO2 emissions. Research design, data, and methodology - In the empirical analysis, unit root tests, cointegration test and vector error correction model regression using time series data of South Korea from the first quarter of 1970 to the third quarter of 2010 are performed to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship and short-run dynamics among the tourism and hospitality industry, CO2 emissions, economic growth and other industry sectors. Results - Results indicate that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists among these variables. Furthermore, the tourism and hospitality industry and CO2 emissions have high significant positive effect on economic growth. The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea, in turns, shows a high significant positive impact on economic growth while the industry sector incursa high significant negative impact on CO2 emissions. Conclusions - The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea may havebeen prompted by several factors such as accelerated process of technological innovation or energy and environmental policies. These findings suggest that the effectively managed tourism and hospitality sector in Korea has resulted in both economic growth and a reduction in CO2 emissions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2023

This paper mainly studies the relationship between financial development, inbound tourism development, and economic growth rate in Fujian Province, China. This study uses the data of real GDP, foreign exchange income from international tourism, and financial interrelations ratio from 1994 to 2019. In the analysis process, the Johansen cointegration test is first used to analyze whether the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Then the vector error correction model is established to test the restrictive relationship among the three. Next, the Granger causality test assesses whether the three have a causal relationship. Finally, the contribution rate of the three is analyzed by variance decomposition. The above methods show the following conclusions: first, the three have a long-term equilibrium relationship. Secondly, in the short term, local economic growth is constrained by inbound tourism and financial development. Thirdly, there is a causal relationship between economic growth and inbound tourism in Fujian, while there is a unidirectional causal relationship between financial development and economic growth, financial development, and inbound tourism. Fourthly, the contribution rate of inbound tourism to economic growth fluctuations in Fujian is higher than that of financial development.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-43
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• 1997

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between various business portfolio properties (particularly technological properties) and chaebol's performance using data on the 50largest chaebols in Korea. In addition to the traditional indexes to measure diversification such as entropy index, we calculated inter-industry technological similarity using R'||'&'||'D expenditure data by industry and 1990 Input-output Table in korea, and obtained chaebol-level technological relatedness and internal transaction proportion from chaebols' business profile, inter-inustry technological similarity and 1990 input-output table. We applied factor analysis on 13 business portfolio property indexes and showed that they could be grouped into 3 dimensions. diversification scope, inter-business relatedness and degree of vertical integration. In this paper, using 50 largest chaebols' financial data (1989-1994), we analyzed empirically the effect of business portfolio properties on ROS(Return On Sales) which is conventional index for firm performance and on TFP(Total Factor Productivity) growth which is a pure measure of firm performance. To utilize the advantage of panel data, FEM(Fixed Effect Model) and REM(Random Effect Model) were used. The empirical result shows that the entropy index as a measurement of inter-business relatedness in not significant but technological relatedness index is significant. OLS estimates on pooled data were considerably different from FEM or REM estimates on panel data. By introducing interaction effect among the three variables for business portfolio properties, we obtained three findings. First, only VI(Vertical integration) has a significant positive correlation with ROS. Second, when using TFP growth as an dependent variable, both TR(Technological Relatedness) and VI are significant and positively related to the dependent variable. Third, the interaction term between TR and VI is significant and negatively affects TFP growth, meaning that TR and VI are substitutes. These results suggest strategic directions on restructuring business portfolio. As VI is increased, chaebols will get more profit. A higher level of either TR or VI will increase TFP growth rate, but increase in both TR and VI will have a negative effect on TFP growth. To summarize, certain business portfolio properties such as VI and TR can be considered "resources" themselves since they can affect profit rate and productivity growth. VI and TR have a synergy effect of change in profit rate and productivity growth. VI increases ROS and productivity growth, while TR increases productivity growth representing a technological synergy effect.t.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2003

This study focuses on the effect of Social Scaffolding of virtual community on its growth and thrift. The research model proposed in this study is that communities, which have goof social scaffolding, tend to grow and thrive. Social Scaffolding refers to those aspects of a site Purpose, Places, Profiles, leaders, Roles, Rules, Cyclic Events, integrating with the real world, and Subgroups. The data were collected from 100 virtual communities in Daum Communications and analyzed in this study. Multiple regression is used to analyze the relationship of variables. The result is following ; purpose, loaders, rules, integrating with the real world support the effects of social scaffolding of virtual community on its growth and thrift, but profiles, roles, cyclic events do not. The result of this study implies the importance of social scaffolding of virtual community for re-searches, and developers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.202-210
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• 2012

This study was analyzed based on the core competencies that Small Giant enterprises to foster the goals of growth of SMEs mid-sized businesses rather than Global Small Giant enterprises of the business model for a causal relationship. As the result, the average age, sales and number of employees of Korean small giants were 20.6 years, 148.8 billion won and 312.1. This research investigated that Korean small giants were realizing the sustainable growth with the firm shares in the target markets, based on added values in groups and technical powers, although their average age is one third younger than global small giants. The further research needs to develop and select small giants more precisely and strictly. It is expected that small giants will be new growth engines to improve global competitiveness of Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

In the context of economic growth, the banking system has greatly contributed to a substantial rise in living conditions, connecting savings and investment, and economic growth. Since economic reform in 1986, Vietnam's banking system has increasingly expanded in quality and quantity of banks including state-owned, private-owned, and foreign banks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main factors affecting employee's performance in the banking system in the case of an emerging economy of Vietnam. Using the pilot study by investigating three experts in a few banks in order to correct the questionnaires, and a mega sample data of 170 observations conducted from bank's staffs, and managers in Hanoi capital of Vietnam, empirical results demonstrate that the independent variables included in the model can explain 67% of the change of the dependent variable of employee's performance, and the rest (31%) can be explained by other reasons. Further, motivation (MO), and working ability (WA) have a positive and insignificant impact on employee's performance, reflecting that motivation, and working ability have insignificantly affected employee's performance. In contrast, four factors, namely, welfare, working environment, cooperation, and education have a positive and significant impact on employee's performance in the case of Hanoi, Vietnam.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Carbon emission standards are based on the "production-based carbon emissions" generated by the production of goods in the relevant country which were the existing measurement methods. However, can such carbon emissions measurement standards be established international? For example, some of the goods produced in developing countries are produced for the demand of developed countries. The method of measuring carbon emission based on the final demand of a certain country is called "consumption-based carbon emissions." This study compares productionand consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth in ninety-three countries categorized by income level. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the difference between production- and consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth. Also, our model investigated whether the EKC hypothesis in most of the previous studies that had been based on production-based emissions was also established in the consumption-based emission model. Considering the continuous characteristics of CO₂, we utilized the generalized method of moments (GMM), specifically a system GMM econometric technique because CO₂ in the previous period can affect CO₂ in the present period. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The results show that for the consumption-based CO₂ emissions model, CO₂ continuously increases as economic growth increases in the upper-middle income countries. The inverted U-shaped result was found in the case of the production-based model. However, in the lower-income countries, an inverted-U shape in which CO₂ emissions decrease at some point as the economy grows in the production-based model does not appear. On the other hand, in the consumption-based model, an inverted U-shaped result was obtained when estimating with system-GMM. Additionally, the proportion of manufacturing, energy imports, and energy consumption had an effect on both the production- and the consumption-based model regardless of the group's CO₂ emissions. On the basis of such assessments, policymakers need to consider not only production- but also consumption-based options. Originality/value - Previous studies have mainly focused on production-based CO₂ emissions, with most of them revolving around economic growth or the effect of various social and economic factors on CO₂ emissions. However, this study considers the relationship with economic growth using consumption-based emissions as a dependent variable by classifying ninety-three countries by income level.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.751-761
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• 2021

The Vietnamese economy is a developing country that has brought many opportunities and challenges for the banking system. Commercial banks have developed strongly from quality to quantity, which plays a vital role in developing the economy. They play an important role in capital formation, which is essential for the economic development of a country. They provide financial services to the general public and businesses, ensuring economic and social stability and sustainable growth of the economy. Therefore, the relationship between bank depth and economic growth is of importance in research. This paper used a VAR (Vector Autoregressive Models) estimator for time series data models. The data is collected quarterly from the first quarter of the year 2000 to 2020. The study uses the VAR model to examine the causal relationships of economic growth, growth in money supply expansion, private sector capital requirement, and banks' domestic credit. The results indicate a general short-run relationship between banking sector depth and economic growth with a positive connection, but in the long term, the relationship between these variables can be reversed because of other macro factors. The findings show the two-way causal relationship between GDP growth and banking depth factors. This research contributes to policy-making by underlining the banking sector depth determinants when setting regulations and policies to develop the banking sector.